@article {891, title = {Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity Study of Methanol Extract of Stems and Roots of Codonopsis clematidea from Trans-himalayan Region}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {536-546}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {536}, abstract = {

Aim: The present report aimed to study the therapeutic and phytochemical properties of stems and roots of trans-himalayan plant Codonopsis clematidea. Material and Methods: The crude samples of stems and roots were explored for their chlorophyll, carotenoid and carbohydrate content in order to understand the matrix of these two plant parts. The extraction of phytochemicals was carried out by three different methods viz. sonication, maceration and soxhlet in methanol to identify the best extraction method. Further, analysis of Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) and Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) were carried out using rutin trihydrate and gallic acid as a reference standard. Antioxidant capacity was estimated using three methods viz. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2{\textquoteright}-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. In addition to this, GC-MS analysis was also performed for the identification of volatile constituents of Methanol Extract of Stems (MES) and Methanol Extract of Roots (MER). Results: The MES and Dimethylsulfoxide Extract of Stems (DES) were found to have higher Chlorophyll a (Cha) content in comparison to Chlorophyll b (Chb) and Carotenoids (Cca). Carbohydrate profile showed that stems and roots have the highest content of fructose in comparison to other sugar moieties. The soxhlet method showed the highest percentage extractive yield in the stems as well as roots. Results revealed that the MES showed higher antioxidant potential as compared to the MER. A correlation has also found to exist between the results of TPC, TFC and antioxidant assays, since TPC and TFC are key constituents responsible for the antioxidant potential. Conclusion: These results have been found to suggest the richness of MES in natural phenols, flavonoids and antioxidants. Further, study should be conducted over identification and characterization of compounds present in the extract.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Codonopsis clematidea, Fructose, GC-MS, MER, MES}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.86}, author = {Pushpender Bhardwaj and Mohan Singh Thakur and Sahil Kapoor and Ashwani Kumar Bhardwaj and Ajay Sharma and Shweta Saxena and Om Prakash Chaurasia and Raj kumar} } @article {549, title = {High Efficiency in vitro Plant Regeneration and Secondary Metabolite Quantification from Leaf Explants of Rhodiola imbricata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {x}, pages = {x}, type = {x}, chapter = {XX}, abstract = {

Aim: Rhodiola imbricata is an endangered medicinal plant of the trans-Himalayan Leh-Ladakh region belonging to the family Crassulaceae. An efficient propagation and regeneration system via direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explant and evaluation of cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) was established in this study. Material and Methods: In vitro grown leaves were inoculated using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with (alpha)- naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 6- benzyladenine (BAP) for callus proliferation and regeneration. Results: The highest percentage of rhizogenous callus was induced in medium containing NAA (10.0-15.0 M). The highest percentage of shoot formation from leaf derived callus was obtained in the medium containing of NAA (5.0 M) and BAP (2.5 M) as well as in NAA (1.0 M), BAP (5.0 M) (38.88\% and 37.49\%) respectively. Rooting of regenerated shoots were effective when a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 M) was used alone. A maximum number of roots (22.0) and higher length (0.6 cm) was observed. The in-vitro plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were acclimatized successfully to natural field conditions with a survival rate of over 80\%. Cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) evaluation was also done for the very first time and an upregulation of 49.6\% and 30.6\% were observed in in-vitro roots and shoots when compared with mother root and shoot respectively. Hence, it was proved that the content of secondary metabolites obtained from in-vitro raised plants is higher than mother plant. Conclusion: These results may lay a foundation for genetic improvement and can be used to determine sequential level of targeted secondary metabolites through cell culture in Rhodiola imbricata.

Key words: Regeneration system, Acclimatization, Endangered, Plant growth regulator, Cinnamyl alcohol.

}, keywords = {Acclimatization, Cinnamyl alcohol., Endangered, Plant growth regulator, Regeneration system}, doi = {10.5530/jppcm.2018.2s.xx}, author = {Ashwani Kumar Bhardwaj and Avilekh Naryal and Pushpender Bhardwaj and Ashish Rambhau Warghat and Balpreet Arora and Shikha Dhiman and Shweta Saxena and Pratap Kumar Pati and Om Prakash Chaurasia} } @article {582, title = {High Efficiency in vitro Plant Regeneration and Secondary Metabolite Quantification from Leaf Explants of Rhodiola imbricata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2018}, pages = {470-475}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {470}, abstract = {

Aim: Rhodiola imbricata is an endangered medicinal plant of the trans-Himalayan Leh-Ladakh region belonging to the family Crassulaceae. An efficient propagation and regeneration system via direct shoot organogenesis from leaf explant and evaluation of cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) was established in this study. Material and Methods: In vitro grown leaves were inoculated using Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with (alpha)- naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) in combination with 6- benzyladenine (BAP) for callus proliferation and regeneration. Results: The highest percentage of rhizogenous callus was induced in medium containing NAA (10.0-15.0 M). The highest percentage of shoot formation from leaf derived callus was obtained in the medium containing of NAA (5.0 M) and BAP (2.5 M) as well as in NAA (1.0 \μM), BAP (5.0 M) (38.88\% and 37.49\%) respectively. Rooting of regenerated shoots were effective when a lower concentration of NAA (0.5 M) was used alone. A maximum number of roots (22.0) and higher length (0.6 cm) was observed. The in-vitro plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were acclimatized successfully to natural field conditions with a survival rate of over 80\%. Cinnamyl alcohol (Secondary metabolite) evaluation was also done for the very first time and an upregulation of 49.6\% and 30.6\% were observed in in-vitro roots and shoots when compared with mother root and shoot respectively. Hence, it was proved that the content of secondary metabolites obtained from in-vitro raised plants is higher than mother plant. Conclusion: These results may lay a foundation for genetic improvement and can be used to determine sequential level of targeted secondary metabolites through cell culture in Rhodiola imbricata.

}, keywords = {Acclimatization, Cinnamyl alcohol, Endangered, Plant growth regulator, Regeneration system}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.3.77}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/510}, author = {Ashwani Kumar Bhardwaj and Avilekh Naryal and Pushpender Bhardwaj and Ashish Rambhau Warghat and Balpreet Arora and Shikha Dhiman and Shweta Saxena and Pratap Kumar Pati and Om Prakash Chaurasia} }