@article {1969, title = {Anticancer and Neuroprotective Effects of the Triterpene Glycosides From Sea Cucumber Holothuria imitans}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {119-127}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {119}, abstract = {

Introduction: Sea cucumbers has gained notoriety because possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. In this sense, the aim of this work was to evaluate the anticancer and neuroprotective effects of the triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Holothuria imitans. Methods: Triterpene glycosides were separated and purified by Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Their structures were deduced by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated using normal African green monkey kidney epithelial cell line (VERO) and three cancer cell lines: cancer gastric (MKN-28), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and lung carcinoma (A-549). Besides, the neuroprotective effect was studied using the Cath.a-differentiated (CAD) cell line and human glial (Oligodendrocytic) hybrid cell line (MO3.13). Results: Two triterpene glycosides (Fuscocineroside C and Scabraside D) were isolated, which showed low cytotoxic activity against VERO cell line, and high cytotoxic activity against lines MKN-28, MCF-7 and A-549 cells, with IC50 between the ranges of 0.92 μmol/L to 2.61 μmol/L. The isolated triterpene glycosides showed the ability to regain mitochondrial viability in CAD and MO3.13 cells treated with neurotoxin (C2-ceramide) with statistically significant results (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The triterpene glycosides Fuscocineroside C and Scabraside D isolated from sea cucumber Holothuria imitans show anticancer and neuroprotective potential and may be considered promising active principles for anticancer and neuroprotective drugs.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Holothuria imitans, Neuroprotective., Triterpene glycosides}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.16}, author = {Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Elda Maritza Rodrigo-Villanueva and Jos{\'e} Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia and Iris Melina Alfaro-Beltr{\'a}n and Bertha Mirella Alfaro-Ttito} } @article {2006, title = {Effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil On Anxiety, Depression, And Sleep Quality}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {343-349}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {343}, abstract = {

Introduction: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition was performed by Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Furthermore, a quasi-experimental study was conducted, where 81 participants were divided into two groups, comprising a waiting list control group and an experimental group treated with essential oils. Anxiety and depression indexes were evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI). Results: Chemical analysis showed that 1,8 cineole (37.6\%), α-pinene (19.9\%), and linalool (15.8\%) were the main components. Anxiety, depression, and sleep quality scores showed a decrease in the post-test study phase compared to the pre-test in the experimental group (p\<0.05). A large size effect was found in the case of anxiety (d = 1.491; g= 1.490) with 1-β=0.996, while medium size effects were observed for depression (d = 0.581; g= 0.582) with 1-β=0.585; and sleep quality (d = 0.586; g = 0.588) with 1-β=0.638. Conclusion: Essential oils extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis are more effective in calming anxiety and show moderate changes in depression and sleep quality.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Essential oils, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sleep quality}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.52}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Santiago M. Benites and Taniht Lisseth Cubas-Romero and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Jos{\'e} Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia and Iris Melina Alfaro-Beltr{\'a}n} } @article {2057, title = {Effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil on state and trait anxiety}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {454-460}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {454}, abstract = {

Introduction: Essential oils are complex substances used extensively in aromatherapy and phytotherapy, some of them as anxiety and stress-relieving agents. In order to evaluate the effects of Melissa officinalis essential oil on state and trait anxiety, this study was conducted. Methods: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and the chemical composition was investigated by Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). In addition, a Quasi experimental study with measures at pretest-posttest was conducted, where 58 participants were divided into two groups, a waiting-list (WL) control group, and an experimental group (EG)treated with aromatherapy based on Melissa officinalis essential oil. The anxiety index was evaluated by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Measures were taken at two times: pretest and posttest. Results: The chemical analysis showed that β-cubebene (26.3\%), β-caryophyllene (25.4\%) and geranial (12.5\%) were de main components. Both state and trait anxiety levels decreased in the experimental group during the posttest phase; however, only state anxiety demonstrated statistically significant differences (p\<0.05). A moderate size effect was found for state anxiety (d = 0.799; g= 0.797) with 1-β=0.803; but none for trait anxiety. Conclusion: Melissa officinalis essential oil was moderately effective on state anxiety but has no effect on trait anxiety.

}, keywords = {Essential oil, Melissa officinalis., State anxiety, Trait anxiety}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.101}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Francisco Mercedes Infantes Gomez and Natalia Mavila Guzm{\'a}n Rodr{\'\i}guez and Yolanda Elizabeth Rodr{\'\i}guez de Guzm{\'a}n and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Roger Antonio Rengifo-Penadillos and Jos{\'e} Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia and Iris Melina Alfaro-Beltr{\'a}n} } @article {1783, title = {Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects of Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {425-431}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {425}, abstract = {

Introduction: The aim of this research was to determine the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of the essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare aerial parts and seeds. Methods: The oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and chemical composition was performed by Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Furthermore, an experimental trial was conducted, where 117 participants were divided into three groups, comprising a waiting list control group and two experimental groups treated with essential oils. The anxiety and depression indexes were evaluated by Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results: chemical analysis showed that trans- Anethole was the main component, both in the essential oil from aerial parts (35.5\%) and seeds (79.2\%). Anxiety and depression scores showed a decrease in posttest study phase in comparison with pretest in all experimental groups (p\<0.05), except for depression scores in the group treated with essential oil from aerial parts (p\>0.05). Small changes were found in the case of anxiety for group treated with essential oils from aerial parts (d = 0.41; Δ= 0.40) while moderate (d = 0.86; Δ = 0.85) and small (d = 0.38; Δ = 0.39) changes were found for anxiety and depression respectively, in the group treated with essential oil from seeds. Conclusion: The essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare seeds is more effective to relief anxiety than depression while the essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare aerial parts only exhibit small changes for anxiety.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Essential oils, Foeniculum vulgare}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.54}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Elda Maritza Rodrigo-Villanueva and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Lurdes Tuesta-Collantes} } @article {1723, title = {Anxiolytic-like Effect of Luma chequen Essential Oil: A Pilot Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1607-1613}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1607}, abstract = {

Introduction: Essential oils are complex substances used widely extended in the form of aromatherapy or phytotherapy, some of them as agents to relieve anxiety and stress. In this sense this study was conducted to examine the anxiolytic-like effect of Luma chequen essential oil. Methods: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and the chemical composition was investigated by Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Moreover, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted, where 48 participants were divided into two groups, comprising a control group (CG) treated with placebo, and an experimental group (EG) treated with aromatherapy based on Luma chequen essential oil. The anxiety index was evaluated by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Measures were taken at two times: pretest and posttest. Results: The chemical analysis showed that α-pinene was the main component (56.5\%). State and Trait anxiety scores showed a decrease in posttest study phase in comparison with pretest in experimental group compared to placebo (p\<0.005 for state anxiety and p\<0.05 for trait anxiety). Cohen{\textquoteleft}s d score was 0.84 in State anxiety, while it was 0.52 for Trait anxiety. Percentages of change showed reductions of anxiety variable ranging between 14.94\% for State anxiety and 13.60\% for Trait anxiety. Conclusions: These results suggest that aromatherapy based on essential oil of Luma chequen was moderately effective in improving anxiety.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Essential oil, Luma chequeen.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.207}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Santiago M. Benites} }