@article {924, title = {Antibacterial Activity of Coastal Plants and Marine Sponges from Kei Island Indonesia against Bacterial Fish Pathogens}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {812-817}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {812}, abstract = {

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of coastal plants and marine sponges extracts against fish bacterial pathogens. Methods: Samples were extracted by maceration and the extracts were examined for their antibacterial activities against Streptococcus sp. BJ0509, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Aeromonas hydrophila BA03 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus 29S by means of paper disc diffusion method. Active extracts were partitioned and purified by column chromatography. The purified substance was tested for Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against seven bacterial fish pathogens namely Streptococcus sp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. harveyi, Photobacterium damselae, Aeromonas hydrophila and A. dhakensis. Results: The highest antibacterial activity against all bacteria used in the assay was demonstrated by OKA 6, a bark extract sample of a coastal plant, Diospyros maritima. It showed a diameter of inhibition zones against Streptococcus sp. BJ0509, S. aureus ATCC 6538, A. hydrophila BA03 and V. parahaemolyticus 29S of 19, 33, 18, and 18 mm, respectively. The column chromatography fraction of OKA 6 inhibited the growth of S. aureus ATCC 6538 with MIC of 3.125 μg/mL. The MIC of this fraction against seven bacterial fish pathogens ranged \< 0.098 to 3.125 μg/mL. The antibacterial activity of partially purified substance obtained from column chromatography fractionation of OKA 6 was higher than those of oxytetracycline and kanamycin. Conclusions: This result indicates that antibacterial activity of the partially purified substance is potentially higher than those of the commercial antibiotics tested. It further indicates that OKA 6 extract from D. maritima can serve as a promising resource for the development of therapeutic agents against bacterial infections in aquaculture.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Bacteria, Coastal plant, Fish pathogen, Marine sponge, Secondary metabolite}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.130}, author = {Andi Hamdillah and Alim Isnansetyo and Indah Istiqomah and Indun Dewi Puspita and Desy Putri Handayani and Takushi Kaneko} } @article {1053, title = {Antimalarial Activity of Microalgae Extracts Based on Inhibition of PfMQO, a Mitochondrial Plasmodium falciparum Enzyme}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1477-1482}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1477}, abstract = {

Malaria is an important global disease that threatened human life. The resistance Plasmodium sp. to the available medicines encourages the search for new antimalarial substances based on new mechanisms on the inhibition of PfMQO (the mitochondrial Plasmodium falciparum enzyme). Objective: The purposes of this study was to screen antimalarial substances from microalgae based on the inhibition of PfMQO. Materials and Methods: Five microalgae were extracted by maceration using chloroform pa and ethanol pa. These ten crude extracts obtained were tested for the inhibitory activity against the PfMQO enzyme. Results: The highest inhibitory activity against PfMQO enzyme was chloroform extract of S. costatum with 91.050\% of inhibition and 0.043 μg/mL of IC50. The ethanol extract of S. platensis showed 91.999\% and 5.25 μg/mL of inhibition and IC50, respectively. These results indicated that the two extracts provide high antimalarial activity exceeded a theoretical standard of antimalarial bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of S. costatum and ethanol extract of S. platensis are promising sources of antimalarial compounds based on the inhibition of PfMQO.

}, keywords = {Antimalarial, Inhibitory activity, Microalgae, P falciparum, Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.228}, author = {Endang Ariyani Setyowati and Alim Isnansetyo and Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan and Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo} } @article {690, title = {Macrophage Immunomodulatory Activity of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Isolated from the Crown-of-thorns Star Fish (acanthaster planci)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {951-957}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {951}, abstract = {

Introduction: Immunomodulator are chemical compounds that can improve the body\’s defense mechanisms both specific and non-specific, and non-specific induction of both cellular and humoral defense mechanisms. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate immunomodulator activity and to identify the chemical constituents of active fractions from star fish Acanthaster planci, based on bioassay guided isolation. Materials and Methods: A. planci was collected from Ternate Island, North Moluccas, extracted with distilled methanol, partitioned with gradient chloroform-hexane-water and fractionated in column chromatography using silica gel and gradient hexane-ethyl acetate. Profiling chemical constituent was done by thin layer chromatograpahy and GC-MS. The immunomodulator activity was measured based on percentage of phagocytic capacity (PC) and phagocytic index (PI). Results: The result showed that 3 partition fractions exhibited immunomodulator activity. Data analysis exhibited that the best fraction was hexane fraction, and the best dosesmost effective doses of PC and PI were at 0.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 0.7 mg/kg BW, respectively. Data analysis of the 3 hexane fractions exhibited that the best fraction was fraction 3 and the best doses of PC was at 0.5 mg/kg BW and that of PI was at 0.7 mg/kg BW. Metabolites analysis using GC-MS yielded a number of chemical constituents of fraction 2 dan fraction 3 that dominated by unsaturated fatty acid. The study concluded that star fish A. planci from Ternate Island has a potential source of immunomodulator.

}, keywords = {Acanthaster planci, Immunomodulatory, North moluccas, Phagocytic capacity, Phagocytic index, Ternate island}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.161}, author = {M Janib Achmad and Alim Isnansetyo and Noer Kasanah and Ustadi} } @article {219, title = {Cytotoxicity of Fucoidan from Three Tropical Brown Algae Against Breast and Colon Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {14-20}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {14}, abstract = {

Introduction: Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that has a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer. This polysaccharide commonly is extracted from marine brown seaweed. There is lack of information on the fucoidan extracted from tropical brown algae and its anti-cancer activity. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to purify fucoidan from Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp. and Padina sp., and to evaluate their cytotoxicity against breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer cells (WiDr). Materials and Methods: Fucoidan extraction was conducted by using acid extraction method. Purified fucoidans were obtained by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and confirmed by HPLC and FT-IR spectrometry. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Fucoidan from Sargassum sp. and Turbinaria sp. showed low cytotoxicity with IC50 ranging between 461-663 \μg/mL. Higher cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and WiDr was showed by fucoidan from Padina sp. with IC50 of 144 and 118 \μg/mL, respectively. While its IC50 against Vero cells was 501 \μg/mL.Standard fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus exhibited IC50 of 60, 63 and 211 \μg/mL against MCF-7, WiDr and Vero Cells, respectively. Although the IC50 was higher than that of standard fucoidan, Padina sp. fucoidan showed cytotoxicity comparable with standard fucoidan at concentrations below 100 \μg/mL. Conclusion: These results indicated that Padina sp.fucoidan showed potential selective cytotoxicity, and promising for the development of an anti-cancer compound.

}, keywords = {Breast cancer, Colon cancer, Cytotoxicity., Fucoidan, Phaeophyta}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.3}, author = {Alim Isnansetyo and Fadilah Nor Laili Lutfia and Muhammad Nursid and Trijoko and Ratna Asmah Susidarti} }