@article {2053, title = {Tanacetum Parthenium (L.) Sch Bip From Peru: Antioxidant Profile and The Antinociceptive Effect in An Experimental Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {435-437}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {435}, abstract = {

Background: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch Bip known as {\textquotedblleft}santa mar{\'\i}a{\textquotedblright} (Asteraceae family) is used in Peru for inflammatory diseases and also in colic, stomachache, headaches, diarrhea, among other. Objective: The aim was to determine the antioxidant profile, and analgesic effect of ethanolic extract of flowers and leaves of T. parthenium Material and Methods: Leaves and flowers of T. parthenium were soaked in 96\% ethanol and the obtained extract was analyzed using chemical reactions for identifying each secondary metabolite, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to determine the antioxidant capacity, and the antinociceptive effect was determined by using tail flick method. Results: Qualitative phytochemical study indicates the presence phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and steroids in both extracts. In DPPH assay IC50 showed in leaves and flowers extract 452.10 {\textpm} 10.2 μg/mL and 270.70 {\textpm} 20.6 μg/mL respectively. The antinociceptive effect was better in leaves at doses 300 mg/ Kg than flower extract. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of flowers of T. parthenium showed a high antioxidant activity and antinociceptive effect in mice.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Antioxidant, Medicinal Plants., Polyphenols, Tanacetum parthenium}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.97}, author = {Oscar Herrera-Calderon and Wilfredo Bulege-Guti{\'e}rrez and Luz Alexandra Javier-Silva and Melva Iparraguirre- Meza and Victor Guillermo Sanchez-Araujo and Elizabeth Julia Melgar-Merino and Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo and Jos{\'e} Santiago Almeida-Galindo and Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte} } @article {1705, title = {Phytochemistry and Biological Evaluation of Daphne gnidium L. Butanol Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1688-1693}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1688}, abstract = {

Background: Daphne gnidium L. (Thymelaeaceae) has been used in the Mediterranean basin to treat skin diseases, rheumatism and toothache.\ Objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activities of butanol extract from the D. gnidium leaves. Methods: A quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was performed. The antioxidant activities were evaluated by using three different assays: 2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH assay), deoxyribose degradation assay and Cellular Antioxidant Activity (CAA) assay. The butanol extract was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in animal models. In addition, its effect on the production of NO and lysosomal activity in vivo was assessed. Results: The HPLC-DAD analysis showed the presence of daphnetin. The butanol extract had a remarkable antioxidant activity in the different systems tested. Furthermore, it has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the xyleneinduced ear edema and reduced the number of abdominal constrictions in mice indicating analgesic effect. It also was found to inhibit (NO) production and lysosomal activity in vivo. Conclusion: These findings support the daphne use in traditional medicine for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Further investigations to elucidate its mechanism of action are required.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Daphne gnidium, Lysosmal activity, Nitric oxide production.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.217}, author = {Amira Horchani and Fadwa Chaabane and Mahassen Barboura and Imen Mokdad-Bzeouich and Aimen Abbassi and Amine Trabelsi and Leila Chekir-Ghedira} } @article {1358, title = {Potential Activity of Medicinal Plants as Pain Modulators: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {248-263}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {248}, abstract = {

This review aims to demonstrate the relevance that medicinal plants and their promising results have in prevention and treatment of pain. The neurophysiological bases of pain have been analyzed and the potential mechanisms of action have been proposed, it has also been determined that the main experimental models used for the evaluation of the analgesic potential are: acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin test, hot-plate test, capsaicin-induced nociception, cinnamaldehyde-induced nociception, glutamate-induced nociception, tail{\textendash}flick test and tail immersion test. There are countless medicinal plants with potential analgesic activity, in some of them main responsible compounds for the activity are flavonoids (vitexin, quercetin, naringenin, astragalin, eupatilin), alkaloids (scotanamine B, bullatine A, S-(+)- dicentrine, stephalagine, lappaconitine), terpenoids (p-cymene, thymol, menthol, citronellol, myrcene, carvacrol, linalool) and saponins (siolmatroside I, cayaponoside D, cayaponoside B4, cayaponoside A1); however, all studies have only been carried out up to pre-clinical stages. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out kinetic studies of the most remarkable natural compounds, evaluate mixtures of active compounds for diminishing doses to avoide possible side effects, and continue with clinical studies of medicinal plants whose safety has already been reported.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Antinociceptive, Extract, Natural product, Pain}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.35}, author = {Carmen R Silva-Correa and Jorge L Campos-Reyna and V{\'\i}ctor E Villarreal-La Torre and Abhel A Calder{\'o}n-Pe{\~n}a and Mar{\'\i}a V Gonz{\'a}lez Blas and Cinthya L Aspajo-Villalaz and Jos{\'e} L Cruzado-Razco and William Antonio Sag{\'a}stegui- Guarniz and Luz M Guerrero-Espino and Julio H} } @article {1120, title = {Phenolic Compounds from Caesalpinia sappan}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {410-414}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {410}, abstract = {

Introduction: Caesalpinia sappan L., a traditional ingredient of food and beverages in South East Asia, was investigated for its chemical constituents. Methods: The compounds were isolated by column chromatography and their chemical structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by comparison of their NMR data with literature data. Results: Repeated column chromatography of the EtOAc-soluble fraction from the heartwood of C. sappan resulted in the isolation of sappanchalcone (1), caesalpiniaphenol G (2), and quercetin (3). Conclusion: Three phenolic compounds have been successfully isolated from C. sappan.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Caesalpinia sappan, Caesalpiniaceae, Homoisoflavonoids}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.63}, author = {Van Ba Nguyen and Binh Duong Vu and Gia Khanh Pham and Bach Quang Le and Van Chuyen Nguyen and Chu Van Men and Van Thu Nguyen} } @article {338, title = {Antimicrobial, Analgesic and Anti - Inflammatory Activity Reported on Tamarindus indica Linn Root Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017 }, pages = {410-416}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {410}, abstract = {

Objective: Tamarindus indica (Family- Fabaceae) show various folkloric uses in treatment of various ailments such as rheumatisum, dysentery, jaundice etc. Aim: The research was conducted to investigate its phytoconstituients and various activity such as antimicrobial, analgesic \& anti-inflammatary of AETIRE. Method: The antimicrobial activity was performed on 4 bacterial stains containing (B.subtilis, S.aureus, P. aeruginosa \& E.coli) on AETIRE using Disc diffusion method. The Analgesic activity was tested by thermal and chemical induced pain through Hot plate and AAIWT. And carrageenan induced rat paw oedema model is used to evaluate antiinflammatory activity. Result: Phytoconstituients such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and carbohydrates present in both the extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of about 21mm \& 22mm was shown on B.subtilis strain by both the extract when compared with standard drug (Tetracycline \& Gentamycin). In AAIWT and hot plate test the AETIRE of concentration (100, 200 mg/kg) produce significant dose-dependent inhibition of pain response with maximum 54.33\% protection against acetic acid induced pain and about 74.83\% inhibition against thermally induced pain by the aqueous extract 200mg. \& the anti- inflammatory activity shown by AETIRE (100 \& 200mg/kg) caused significant dose dependent inhibition of oedema with maximum 45.94\% inhibition in the Carrageenan induced rat paw oedema by the AE. Conclusion: Therefore the AE of Tamarindus indica root was more effective in showing analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the standard drug in each model while ethanol extract show effective antimicrobial activity.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Anti- inflammatory activity, Antimicrobial, Fabaceae, Tamarindus indica}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.3.70}, url = {/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.70}, author = {Sangeeta Gupta and Amit Singh} }