@article {1053, title = {Antimalarial Activity of Microalgae Extracts Based on Inhibition of PfMQO, a Mitochondrial Plasmodium falciparum Enzyme}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1477-1482}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1477}, abstract = {

Malaria is an important global disease that threatened human life. The resistance Plasmodium sp. to the available medicines encourages the search for new antimalarial substances based on new mechanisms on the inhibition of PfMQO (the mitochondrial Plasmodium falciparum enzyme). Objective: The purposes of this study was to screen antimalarial substances from microalgae based on the inhibition of PfMQO. Materials and Methods: Five microalgae were extracted by maceration using chloroform pa and ethanol pa. These ten crude extracts obtained were tested for the inhibitory activity against the PfMQO enzyme. Results: The highest inhibitory activity against PfMQO enzyme was chloroform extract of S. costatum with 91.050\% of inhibition and 0.043 μg/mL of IC50. The ethanol extract of S. platensis showed 91.999\% and 5.25 μg/mL of inhibition and IC50, respectively. These results indicated that the two extracts provide high antimalarial activity exceeded a theoretical standard of antimalarial bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of S. costatum and ethanol extract of S. platensis are promising sources of antimalarial compounds based on the inhibition of PfMQO.

}, keywords = {Antimalarial, Inhibitory activity, Microalgae, P falciparum, Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.228}, author = {Endang Ariyani Setyowati and Alim Isnansetyo and Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan and Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo} } @article {918, title = {Screening of Tyrosinase Inhibitor, Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity of Dried Sea Cucumber from Tomini Bay, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {555-558}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {555}, abstract = {

Background: Indonesia, as a tropical country, is one of the important producers of sea cucumbers (beche-de-mer). Sea cucumber is a marine invertebrate that contains attractive bioactive secondary metabolites and these metabolites can be used for health as well as cosmetics. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the activity of tyrosinase inhibitors, antioxidants, and cytotoxicity of sea cucumber methanolic extract. Methods: Dried sea cucumber samples were taken from Boalemo waters, Tomini Bay, Indonesia. Tyrosinase inhibitor assay was carried out spectrophotometrically using tyrosinase enzymes and L-DOPA as a substrate and antioxidant tests were carried out by DPPH method. Cytotoxicity test against human breast cancer cell line (T47D) was conducted using the MTT assay. Results: The study showed that Bohadschia vitiensis had the best tyrosinase inhibitor activity with IC50 value of 0.28 mg/ml. The DPPH free radical scavenging testing showed that all sea cucumbers had weak antioxidant activity. On the other hand, cytotoxicity assay revealed that several sea cucumbers had good cytotoxicity against T47D cells, where Holothuria atra and Bohadschia marmorata showed strong cytotoxicities with IC50 values of 23.0 and 28.1 ug/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the study, it can be concluded that the dried sea cucumber from the Tomini bay region, Indonesia, has the potential to be developed as a source of tyrosinase inhibitors and cytotoxic agents.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, Screening, Sea cucumber, Tyrosinase inhibitor}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.88}, author = {Muhammad Nursid and Endar Marraskuranto and Azizah Kuswardini and Tjahyo Winanto} } @article {56, title = {Hepatoprotective Activity of Michelia nilagirica against Paracetamol Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul-Aug 2015}, pages = {228-235}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {228}, abstract = {

Background: Michelia nilagirica belonging to the family Mangoliaceae is commonly used by many traditional healers in most of the herbal preparations for diabetes and kidney diseases. Objective: Different fractions isolated from ethanolic extract of whole plant of Michelia nilagirica is investigated for hepatoprotective activity in wistar albino rats against paracetamol induced hepatic injury. Materials \& Methods: Rats were divided into eight groups. Each group contains six animals. Hepatic injury was achieved by injecting paracetamol at a dose of 2 mg/kg p.o. Results: The hepatoprotective action is seen with fraction A by reduction in serum marker enzymes like Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT). It also reduced the elevated levels of Alkaline phosphotase (ALP) \& Serum bilirubin. Conclusion: Histopathological studies further confined the hepatoprotective activity of fraction A against paracetamol treated group. The results obtained were compared with silymarin (100 mg/kg, orally), a standard drug.

}, keywords = {Albino rats, Hepatoprotective, Michelia nilagirica, Paracetamol, Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.4.4}, author = {Shaik Aminabee and Atmakuri Lakshmana Rao}, editor = {Maram Chinna Eswaraiah} }