@article {1646, title = {Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant, Anxiolytic, Sedative, and Neuroprotective Activities of Polysaccharides from Mycelium of Two Ganoderma Species}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1161-1173}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1161}, abstract = {

Background: Ganoderma lucidum has been used as a medicinal mushroom since centuries in East Asia. Recent reports have shown that metabolites isolated from Ganoderma species have shown effects on central nervous system. Objective:\ To determine the neuroprotective, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative effects of Ganoderma sp. and Ganoderma curtisii polysaccharides. Methods: Polysaccharides (Gsp-PS2 or Gc-PS2) were isolated from two Ganoderma mycelia submerged cultures. Acute toxicity effects of Gc-PS2 or Gsp-PS2 on mice were treated orally with doses of 50 - 2000 mg/kg. Anticonvulsant activity was determined using three chemoconvulsants: kainic acid (KA), strychnine, or pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Anxiolytic-like effects were determined using the elevated plus maze test on mice. GABA release evoked by GC-PS2 or Gsp-PS2 content was determined by HPLC. Neuroprotective effects of Gsp-PS2 or Gc-PS2 were determined by glial activation, histopathological changes, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Gc-PS2 or Gsp-PS2 showed neuroprotective activity by diminishing neuronal death, reducing glial activation and Neu-N expression levels. Gsp-PS2 or Gc-PS2 inhibited convulsions in the KA model. An anxiolytic-like, but not a sedative effect was reported in mice treated with Gc-PS2 or Gsp-PS2. Polysaccharides Gc-PS2 or Gsp-PS2 evoked endogenous GABA release and increased its concentration within the incubation medium. Pretreatment with Gsp-PS2 or Gc-PS2 showed a reduction of the LPSinduced NO production. Gc-PS2 or Gsp-PS2 did not produce toxic effects. Conclusion:\ Ganoderma sp. or Ganoderma curtisii polysaccharides showed neuroprotective and anticonvulsant activities in animal models. The anticonvulsant activity may involve the GABAergic neurotransmision.

}, keywords = {a- and b-glucan, Anticonvulsant, GABA, Ganoderma curtissi, Ganoderma sp, Neuroprotective}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.149}, author = {Veronica Nunez-Urquiza and Juana Villeda-Hernandez and Elizur Montiel-Arcos and Isaac Tello and Victoria Campos-Pena and Maribel Herrera-Ruiz and Mar{\'\i}a del Carmen Guti{\'e}rrez and Vera Petricevich and Mar{\'\i}a Ang{\'e}lica Santana and Martha Navarro and Ang{\'e}lica Berenice Aguilar-Guadarrama and Gabriel Navarrete-V{\'a}zquez and Irene Perea-Arango and Ismael Leon-Rivera} } @article {988, title = {Neuroprotective Effects of Ganoderma curtisii Polysaccharides After Kainic Acid-Seizure Induced}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {1046-1054}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1046}, abstract = {

Background: Epilepsy is one of the major neurological disorders affecting world population. Although, some Ganoderma species have shown neuroprotective activities, the effects of polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma curtisii on epileptic seizures have not been reported. Objective: The aims of the present study were to determine whether treatment with a polysaccharide fraction (GCPS-2) from a Mexican Ganoderma curtisii strain can reduce seizures, and the increases in the levels of apoptotic molecules and inflammatory cytokines in kainic acid-induced seizure mouse model. Materials and Methods: Rats were separated in groups: Control group received 2.5\% Tween 20 solution; GCPS-2 groups were administered GCPS-2 (10, 40, or 80 mg/kg); KA group received KA 10 mg/kg; GCPS-2+KA received GCPS- 2 and 30 min later KA. Pathological changes in neuronal morphology, expression of B-cell lymphoma-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin1-β and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the rat hippocampus and cortex were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Ganoderma curtisii soluble polysaccharides (GCPS-2) inhibited convulsions in rats. Moreover, treatment with GCPS-2 reduced the increased levels of apoptotic signaling molecules (Bcl-2) and proinflammatory mediators (in the kainic acid-treated hippocampus and cortex). Conclusion: Ganoderma curtisii soluble polysaccharides have a neuroprotective potential against epilepsy, partially through its ability to inhibit neurotoxic events in the in vivo hippocampus and cortex.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Anticonvulsant, Ganoderma curtisii, Neuroprotective, β-glucan}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.164}, author = {Ismael Leon-Rivera and Juana Villeda-Hernandez and Elizur Montiel-Arcos and Isaac Tello and Maria Yolanda Rios and Samuel Estrada-Soto and Angelica Berenice Aguilar and Veronica Nunez-Urquiza and Jazmin Mendez-Miron and Victoria Campos-Pena and Sergio Hidalgo-Figueroa and Eva Hernandez and Gerardo Hurtado} } @article {512, title = {Antiepileptic Effect of Nux vomica, Homeopathic Remedy, Against Strychnine-Induced Seizers}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {January 2018}, pages = {245-248}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {245}, abstract = {

Objective: To investigate the antiepileptic effect of homeopathic remedy Nux vomica on mice and its comparison with standard therapeutic diazepam. Methods: BALB-c mice were taken and divided into three groups comprising ten mice in each group. The first group was treated as control; the second group received standard therapeutics (diazepam, i.p.) and the third group received Nux vomica CH7. All groups were treated with strychnine intra peritoneally. Following parameters were observed; start time of convulsions, the number of animals had convulsions, and survival time until death. Results: Nux vomica CH7 homeopathic preparation was found effective in suspending onset of convulsions (P˂ 0.01), and extending survival time until death (P˂ 0.01) in comparison to control mice. It also increased percentage survival in comparison to control as well as diazepam treated animals. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated efficacy of Nux vomica in epilepsy management.

}, keywords = {Anticonvulsant, Epilepsy, Nux vomica, Strychnine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.2.43}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/473}, author = {Anjana Goel and Aditya Saxena and Ashok Kumar Bhatia} } @article {65, title = {Cleome viscosa Linn (Capparaceae): A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Nov-Dec 2015}, pages = {326-329}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {326}, abstract = {

Cleome viscosa Linn. (Capparaceae) called as \“Hurhur\” is an annual, sticky herb found in plains of India, Africa, and Pakistan etc as a common weed. Plant and its parts (leaves, seeds, roots etc.) are used traditionally to cure variety of diseases. Traditionally the plant possess anthelmintic, carminative, anticonvulsant, antidiarhhoeal, antimicrobial, wound healing properties. The review shows that various phytochemical compound were isolated from whole plant and its parts (seeds, leaves, roots etc.). The review reveals the collection of important pharmacological activites like antimicrobial, analgesic, antiemetic, antidiarrhoeal, hepatoprotective, antifibrotic, antitumor, anticonvulsant and psychopharmacological. It also made emphasis on its application in biodiesel formation. The review draws attention towards the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge accessible on Cleome viscosa Linn. which would be beneficial for researchers to discover novel chemical entities.

}, keywords = {Anticonvulsant, Biodiesel, Cleome viscosa Linn., Cleomiscosin, Phytochemical, Psychopharmacological}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.6.1}, author = {Harpreet Singh and Amrita Mishra and Arun Kumar Mishra} }