@article {2043, title = {Evaluation of Neuroprotective Efficacy of Indian Shankhpushpi Varieties in Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease {\textendash} North Vs South}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {372-377}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {372}, abstract = {

Background: Shankhpushpi is a well-known Ayurvedic memory enhancing medicine associated with controversy. Among the various varieties, Convolvulus pleuricaulis and Clitorea ternatia are widely used in commercial memory enhancing formulations under the name of Shankhpushpi. Convolvulus pleuricaulis is recognized as true shankhpushpi in North side of India, however in southern part of India, Clitorea ternatia is accepted as Shankhpushpi. Objectives: The present study aims to compare neuroprotective efficacy of C. pleuricaulis and C. ternatea by in vitro, in vivo methods and establish scientifically validated data to choose appropriate shankhpushpi variety for commercial use. Materials and Methods: Both herbs were extracted in the Soxhlet apparatus with 70\% ethanol for 5 - 6 hours at 60 - 65ĚŠ C. The presence of neuroprotective principles - taraxerol and scopoletin in extracts was confirmed by the Thin Layer Chromatography. The preliminary screening for neuroprotective efficacy of extracts was done by in vitro free radical scavenging, Acetyl cholinesterase enzyme inhibition and LOX enzyme level estimation. Invivo study of extracts included behavioral assessment of adult rats by Y maze, Morris water maze using scopolamine induced Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease like model. Result: Extracts of both C. pleuricaulis and C. ternatea significantly scavenged free radicals, inhibited acetyl cholinesterase and LOX enzyme in vitro. But in in-vivo study, significant retention of spatial and working memory was observed in rats administered with C. pleuricaulis as compared to C. ternatea. Conclusion: C. pleuricaulis more significantly shields against memory loss and dementia by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and memory impairment. Hence should be used in commericial neuroprotective formulation as chief source of Shankhpushpi instead of C. ternatea.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Dementia, Scopolamine, Scopoletin., taraxerol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.87}, author = {Sharada L. Deore and Anjali A. Kide and Bhushan A. Baviskar and Somshekhar S. Khadabadi and Bhavana A Shende} } @article {1073, title = {Evaluation of Traditional Herb Extract Salvia officinalis in Treatment of Alzheimers Disease}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {131-143}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {131}, abstract = {

Aim and Objective: Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease is progressive neurodegenerative disorder which affects older individuals. It is the most common cause of dementia and it is associated with the presence of senile plaques which are deposition of beta- amyloidal protein in the hippocampus area of the brain. Medicinal plants have played vital role in world health. In spite of the great advances observed in modern medicine in recent decades, plants still make an important contribution to health care. The present study is done to evaluate Salvia officinalis, for in vivo study on Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease induced mice. Materials and Methodology: Memory Enhancing Activity, Conditioned avoidance test, Y-maze spontaneous alternation test, Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, Measurement of Locomotor Activity were done to assess memory and cognitive functioning. The isolated brain homogenate is estimated for reduced glutathione content, Acetyl cholinesterase Activity, Superoxide dismutase assay (SOD), Lipid peroxidation assay (TBARS), Glutathione peroxidase assay (GSH-Px) and Histopathology examination of brain was performed and analyzed. Results and Discussion: The elevated level of enzymes and decreased level of tissue antioxidant markers were observed in treatment comparative to piracetam treatment group. While 300 mg/kg extract significantly reduced the elevated levels of the enzymes and also significantly increased the tissue antioxidant levels, while decreased the glutathione levels when compared with the control. Conclusion: The histopathological study confirmed the recovery. The herbal extract (150 and 300 mg/kg) has shown effectiveness against Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Histopathological assessment, Locomotor activity, Salvia officinalis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.20}, author = {Sanjana Datta and Shailendra Patil} } @article {754, title = {Neuroprotective Effects of Valeriana wallichii on Scopolamine Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s38-s41}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s38}, abstract = {

Objective: Alzheimer\’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in worldwide, treatment options is extremely limited and costly. The present study was conducted to investigate and validate the traditional claim of Valeriana wallichii on scopolamine treated rats as an AD model. Methods: The Valeriana wallichii rhizome ethanol extract (25 mg/kg/day) was administered daily along with scopolamine for a period of 14 days following which the elevated plus maze test were performed to assess learning and memory. Rats treated with scopolamine or vehicle only were also included in the experiment. Result: The study demonstrate that scopolamine treatment resulted in learning and memory deficits which were partially and significantly ameliorated by the Valeriana wallichii rhizome ethanol extract. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the ability of the Valeriana wallichii rhizome ethanol extract to reverse scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats.

}, keywords = {Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Elevated Plus Maze, Neuroprotective, Scopolamine, Valeriana wallichii}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.7}, author = {Aslam Pathan and Abdulrahman Alshahrani} } @article {1439, title = {In vitro Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory assay of Acacia catechu Willd ethanolic seed extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {9th June 2015}, pages = {1-1}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Aim \& objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract to introduce a new source for management of Alzheimer\’s disease. Background: Alzheimer\’s disease is a complex, multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the elderly population and is estimated to account for 50\–60\% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. It is likely that the inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase by Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract that is rich in flavonoids and antioxidants may aid in the protection of neurodegenerative disorders and ultimately Alzheimer\&$\#$39;s disease. Methods: Anti cholinesterase activity is determined by adopting In vitro standard protocol. Results: According to the obtained results, the inhibitory activity (IC50 values, \μg /ml) of extracts was 204.38 \± 2.54 \µ g/ml. Conclusion: The results indicated and confirmed the traditional use of Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract for management of central nervous system disorders. It showed the moderate activity in inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase at various concentrations. However, further investigations on identification of active components in the extracts are needed.

Key words: Acacia catechu seed, Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor, Alzheimer\’s disease, spectrophotometric analysis.

}, keywords = {Acacia catechu seed, Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor, Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Spectrophotometric analysis.}, author = {Lakshmi.T and Rajendran.R} } @article {68, title = {In vitro Acetyl Cholinesterase Inhibitory assay of Acacia catechu Willd Ethanolic Seed Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {01/2015}, pages = {280-282}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {280}, abstract = {

Aim \& objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate acetyl cholinesterase inhibitory activity of Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract to introduce a new source for management of Alzheimer\’s disease. Background: Alzheimer\’s disease is a complex, multifactorial, progressive, neurodegenerative disease primarily affecting the elderly population and is estimated to account for 50\–60\% of dementia cases in persons over 65 years of age. It is likely that the inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase by Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract that is rich in flavonoids and antioxidants may aid in the protection of neurodegenerative disorders and ultimately Alzheimer\’s disease. Methods: Anti cholinesterase activity is determined by adopting In vitro standard protocol. Results: According to the obtained results, the inhibitory activity (IC50 values, \μg /ml) of extracts was 204.38 \± 2.54 \μg/ ml. Conclusion: The results indicated and confirmed the traditional use of Acacia catechu ethanolic seed extract for management of central nervous system disorders. It showed the moderate activity in inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase at various concentrations. However, further investigations on identification of active components in the extracts are needed.

}, keywords = {Acacia catechu seed, Acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor, Alzheimer{\textquoteright}s disease, Neurodegenerative, Spectrophotometric analysis.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.5.5}, author = {Lakshmi Thangavelu and Rajendran Ramasamy} }