@article {1776, title = {Formulation and Characterization of Meniran (Phyllanthus Niruri Linn) Extract Nanoparticle on Antibacterial Activity Against Salmonella Pullorum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {369-373}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {369}, abstract = {

This study aims to examine the results of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) on antibacterial activity. Salmonella Pullorum is capable of causing huge economic losses. The misuse of antimicrobials has resulted in the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains. Meniran has potential as an antibacterial because it contains many bioactive components such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Nanoparticles help in the bioavailability of plant extracts. The research was conducted by making a meniran extract nanoparticles formulation with ionic glass method using chitosan and TPP sodium with a dose difference of 5\%, 10\% and 20\%. Each dose of meniran nanoparticles then were characterized by PSA, SEM and TEM. The result on PSA showed that size range from 192.67 nm to 385.16 nm and 5\% meniran extract nanoparticles have the best homogeneity and stability. EE value showed that the increase in the dose was directly proportional to the increase in the EE value. The result on SEM showed that the overall production of nanoparticle samples, it looks like they are nano-sized. The result on TEM showed small sample morphology with a good distribution. After that, the antibacterial activity test was then carried out using the MIC and MBC tests. The results showed that 5\% of meniran extract nanoparticles had the best antibacterial activity against Salmonella Pullorum.

}, keywords = {Nanoparticle, Phyllanthus niruri, Salmonella Pullorum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.47}, author = {Sri Hidanah and Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum and Sri Agus Sudjarwo} } @article {1706, title = {Characterization and Phytochemical Screening of Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) Extract{\textquoteright}s Nanoparticles Used Ball Mill Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1568-1572}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1568}, abstract = {

The aim of this study was to study the characterization and phytochemical screening of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri linn) extract{\textquoteright}s nanoparticles used ball mill method. The effect of herbal products would be maximized, a formulation that able to increase solubility, stability, bioavailability, and a targeted system was needed so the use of simplicia would be more effective. One of alternative solutions to this problem was to make the preparation of meniran extract in the form of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles made it easier for extract to be absorbed in blood plasma and were more effective in achieving the target drug itself. The manufacture of meniran nanoparticles used ball mill method. Then, meniran extract nanoparticles characterization and phytochemical screening were carried out. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) extract nanoparticle characterization consisted of size, used Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), and morphology, used Scaning Electron Microscope (SEM). Phytochemical screening of meniran extract nanoparticles used qualitative screening by reagent test. The results showed that the meniran extract nanoparticles produced an average size of 192.6 nm. The averange shape of particle was imperfectly amorphous and the dominant composition was Carbon (C). Phytochemical screening showed the content of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids and alkaloids.

}, keywords = {Biological production, Nanoparticle, Phyllanthus niruri, Phytochemical compound}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.200}, author = {Emy Koestanti Sabdoningrum and Sri Hidanah and Sri Chusniati and Soeharsono} } @article {1233, title = {Nanoparticle Characterization of Allium sativum, Curcuma mangga and Acorus calamus as a Basic of Nanotechnology on Jamu Subur Kandungan Madura}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1152-1159}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1152}, abstract = {

Introduction: The increasing of researcher attraction on the herbal drug after so long ignored due to difficulties in processing has opened a new door for the development of a novel of "jamu Subur Kandungan". However, the constraints that then faced in consuming "jamu Subur Kandungan", an herbal reproductive drug, are the solubility and poor absorption in the intestine. Therefore, this study aims to characterize nanoparticle of the combination of garlic (Allium sativum), temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) and jeringau (Acorus calamus) encapsulated by chitosan. Material and Methods: the simplicial of garlic (Allium sativum), temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) and jeringau (Acorus calamus) was purchased from Materia Medica Batu Malang Indonesia. Nanoparticle of combination of garlic, temu mangga and jeringau was produced by ionic gelation method. Nanoparticle characterization was assessed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Spectrophotometer Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), Particle Size analyzer (PSA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Result: The ionic gelation method succeeded to make nanoparticle. The produced nanoparticle was around 438-1159 nm. The length of sonication has proven to make the particle size smaller. The particle size distribution of chitosan at the time of 90 min sonication and 150 min was classified as uneven because of the particle size clustered in the range 500-1000 nm and 3000-5000 nm. The hydroxyl (OH) group appeared at wave number 3429-2466 cm-1, while the amide functional group appeared at wave numbers (1648-1652 cm-1. Phosphate groups (P = O) also appeared, which is a TPP residue, at a wavenumber 1384 cm-1. Conclusion: Chitosan-garlic nanoparticles (Allium sativum), temu mangga (Curcuma mangga) and jeringau (Acorus calamus) were successfully produced with ionic gelation method.

}, keywords = {Characterization, Garlic, Ionic gelation, Jeringau, Nanoparticle, Temu mangga}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.162}, author = {Bayyinatul Muchtaromah and Didik Wahyudi and Mujahidin Ahmad and Rahmi Annisa} } @article {1065, title = {Nanoparticle Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Kaempferia pandurata Roxb. Extract to the Growth of MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {109-114}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {109}, abstract = {

Breast cancer is the most common cancer worldwide and in Indonesia. Kaempferia pandurata Roxb. is a herbal plant from South-East Asia which is known for its ability to inhibit the growth of Estrogen Receptor (ER) + breast cancer cell line from the former study. However, its effect on ER- breast cancer cell lines had not been studied. Therefore, we want to examine the cytotoxicity effect of K. pandurata Roxb. on ER- breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). Nanoparticle is a form of preparation that optimizes the activity of any compound to the targeted cell. Therefore, it is expected that it can increase the effectivity of anticancer in Kaempferia pandurata Roxb. In this study, the rhizome of K. pandurata Roxb. trituration was dried and extracted with n-hexane solvent. Nanoparticle of K. pandurata Roxb. was synthesized with CaCl2, chitosan, and alginate by stirring with a magnetic stirrer, adjusting pH, and centrifugation. Then, nanoparticle was analized by UV/VIS spectrofotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cytotoxicity of K. pandurata Roxb. extract and nanoparticle were examined with MTT assay. The result of this test is data of inhibition percentage and IC50 value. The result showed that n-hexane extract of K. pandurata Roxb. is synthesized into nanoparticle form with 99,43\% yield percentage (entrapment value). Anticancer activity of n-hexane extract and nanoparticle of K. pandurata Roxb. is moderate with IC50 value of the extract is 87,23 μg/ml and the nanoparticle is 24,23 μg/ml. The nanoparticle{\textquoteright}s activity is better than the extract. n-Hexane extract and nanoparticle of K. pandurata Roxb. has cytotoxicity effects towards MDA-MB-231 cell line. Nanoparticle can increase the cytotoxicity effect of K. pandurata Roxb. extract because its hydrophobic feature and nanometer size.

}, keywords = {Breast cancer, Kaempferia pandurata Roxb., MDA-MB-231 cells, Nanoparticle, Temu Kunci}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.17}, author = {Risya Amelia Rahmawanti and Fadilah Fadilah and Brenda Cristie Edina and Lowilius Wiyono and Rafika Indah Paramita} } @article {1108, title = {Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Gallic Acid Nanoparticles Towards Breast T47D Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {321-327}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {321}, abstract = {

Introduction: Gallic acid is a naturally polyphenolic acid which shows cytotoxicity against several cancer cells, as well as it displays chemo-preventive activity which is attributed to its strong apoptosis- inducing and antioxidant effects. Thus, gallic acid has become an attractive substance to be further developed due to its strong cytotoxic activity. This study aimed to synthesize gallic acid nanoparticle coating with alginate-chitosan, and evaluate its cytotoxicity against breast T47D cancer cells. Methods: Gallic acid nanoparticle was synthesized using ionic gelation method. The yield, size and morphology of the nanoparticles were determined by UV-Vis Spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity evaluation of gallic acid nanoparticle towards breast T47D cancer cell is carried out by MTT(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) assay. Results: Spherical nanoparticles of gallic acid with the size of 100-200 nm has been successfully synthesized in 96\% of yield. Compared to gallic acid (IC50: 20.86 μg/mL) and alginate-chitosan nanoparticle (IC50: 38.46 μg/mL), gallic acid coating with alginate-chitosan nanoparticles demonstrated higher cytotoxicity towards breast T47D cancer cells with IC50 value of 9.03μg/mL. Conclusion: Our results clearly confirmed that gallic acid nanoparticles coating with alginate-chitosan showed a strong cytotoxicity towards breast T47D cancer cells, which is potential to be developed as a candidate for new anti-breast cancer agent.

}, keywords = {Cytotoxicity, Gallic acid, Nanoparticle, Synthesis, T47D cells}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.51}, author = {Ade Arsianti and Anton Bahtiar and Fadilah Fadilah and Vincent Kharisma Wangsaputra and Rafika Indah Paramita and Norma Nur Azizah and Lince Dameria Nadapdap and Ajeng Megawati Fajrin and Hiroki Tanimoto and Kiyomi Kakiuchi} } @article {987, title = {Phytosomal Nanoparticles Preparation of Curcuminoids to Enhance Cellular Uptake of Curcuminoids on Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {1037-1045}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1037}, abstract = {

Objective: Curcuminoids, the bioactive compounds extracted from Curcuma longa consisting of Curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC) and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), have shown promising biological effects, including anticancer activity. This study sought to prepare a physically stable phytosomal nanoparticles of curcuminoids (Curs-Phyto) to facilitate uptake of curcuminoids on breast cancer cells line, and further increase the cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Methods: The evaporation combined extrusion technique was employed to prepare phytosomal curcuminoids nanoparticles. The interaction between curcuminoids and phospholipid by a hydrogen bond was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Their physicochemical characterizations and stability in simulated gastric and intestinal media were investigated. The effects of Curs-Phyto on MCF-7 cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, MTS assay and cell cycle analysis. Results: We found that the Curs-Phyto were formed at a spherical shape with good size (~ 180 nm), a narrow size distribution (PDI \< d0.2), high complexation rate (~ 87\%, 95\%, and 90\% for BDMC, DMC, and CUR respectively) and high loading capacity of curcuminoids. More importantly, the Curs-Phyto showed the increased cellular uptake and enhanced cytotoxicity against MCF- 7 cancer cells, compared to free curcuminoids. Conclusion: These results indicated that the phytosome could be a promising oral delivery system for curcuminoids for cancer treatment.

}, keywords = {Cellular uptake, Curcuminoids, FACS analysis, Nanoparticle, Phytosome}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.163}, author = {Nguyen Van Long and Bui Thi Thu Ha and Anh Vu Tuan and Hoang Van Luong and Nguyen Tung Linh and Thanh Chu Duc and Phung Cao Dai and Chul Soon Yong and Chu Van Men} }