@article {1772, title = {Determination Antioxidant Activity of Coffea Arabica, Coffea Canephora, Coffea Liberica and Sunscreens Cream Formulation for Sun Protection Factor (SPF)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {335-342}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {335}, abstract = {

Coffee is a highly consumed and popular beverage consumed in many countries. Its ingredients have a powerful antioxidant capacity and have the potential as sunscreen to protect the skin. This study aimed to examine the antioxidant activity of Arabica, robusta and liberica coffee extracts and the SPF activity of the coffee extract cream formulation. Coffee were macerated with three types of solvents with polarity gradients. The fraction of each coffee was analyzed for antioxidant activity using DPPH and formulated into the cream. Furthermore, the cream was analyzed for its SPF activity. The results of this study indicated that the methanol fraction of Robusta and Arabica coffee has the best antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 8.98 (ppm) and 13.13, respectively. Meanwhile, Liberica coffee has the best antioxidant in the ethyl acetate fraction, IC50 = 10.90 (ppm). In addition, the best SPF values for Robusta, Liberica and Arabica coffees were found in F3 cream with the category of Very Good Protection; 36.087 {\textpm} 0.0005; 35.007 {\textpm} 0.0005; 36,867 {\textpm} 0.0005 respectively.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Coffee, Cream, SPF}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.43}, author = {Madyawati Latief and Muhaimin and Heriyanti and Indra Lasmana Tarigan and Sutrisno} } @article {1114, title = {Formulation and Evaluation of Safety and Antifungal Efficacy of Syzigium Aromaticum-Base Cream on Guinea Pigs Infected with Trichophyton Mentagrophytes}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {342-350}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {342}, abstract = {

Background: The increasing incidence of dermatophytoses in the world and the side effects of the current therapies encouraged the search of alternative drugs. Hence the objective of this work was to determine antidermatophytes activity of Syzigium aromaticum formulate antidermatophytic cream. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared by maceration of plant materials into methanol. Three formulations of creams were made, and the best was chosen according to its physicochemical stability and appearance. The acute dermal toxicity and antidermatophytic efficacy of the cream was performed on guinea-pig. Results: The methanolic extract of S. aromaticum was incorporated in the final cream formulation. The formulation containing shea-butter 58.5\%, acetylic alcohol 2.5\%, stearic acid 1.5\%, bee-wax 10\%, borax 1.5\%, polysorbate 60 2.5\%, 2 drops of lactic acid and water was chosen because of its good appearance and stability. The cream with methanolic extract of S. aromaticum did not reveal any dermal toxic effect. The cream efficacy was dose-dependent. The treatment with cream at 5\% methanolic extracts of S. aromaticum revealed the best potency after 14 days of treatment. Conclusion: These results show that the cream at 5\% methanolic extract of S. aromaticum seed is promising in the treatment of dermatophytoses and could be used as an alternative in the development of a new therapy.

}, keywords = {Antidermatophytes activity, Cream, Dermatophytes, Formulation, S. aromaticum, Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.54}, author = {Roger Ducos Youmsi Fokouo and Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou and Cedric Derick Jiatsa Mbouna and Elisabeth Zeuko{\textquoteright}o Menkem and Fabrice Fekam Boyom} } @article {1195, title = {Formulation of Creams Containing Active Fraction of Cassia fistula L. Barks and its Antibacterial Activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {920-928}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {920}, abstract = {

Background: Cassia fistula L. has been traditionally used to cure skin diseases. That disease can be caused by various bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aerugniosa. Objective: the objective of this research was to formulate cream containing active fraction of Cassia fistula bark and to study the antibacterial activity as well as physical stability of the active substance after formulation. Materials and Methods: The cream base were oilin- water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) type. Antibacterial activity test had been performed by using agar diffusion method. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were conducted by microdilution method. The active fraction was formulated into creams with concentration of 4 -6x MIC. Physical evaluation of creams including organoleptic, pH, viscosity, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) profiling and antibacterial activity against both tested bacteria were evaluated during 28 days of storage. Results: The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active, having MIC and MBC values of 175 and 350 ppm respectively against P. acnes, while those against P. aeruginosa were 400 and 800 ppm. Optimation on creams using different type of cream bases showed that either O/W or W/O creams remained stable during 28 days of storage in terms of organoleptic and pH. The viscosity increased in O/W and decreased in W/O type. Qualitative analysis by TLC profiling showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Cassia fistula as chemical compounds in creams was relatively stable as the profile remained the same after 28th day of storage. Result of antibacterial activity test on cream with O/W base was unchange after 28 day, while that with W/O revealed no activity which may due to poor diffusion within the cream base as media. Conclusion: active fraction of Cassia fistula can be formulated into cream with O/W cream base system.

}, keywords = {Antibacteria, Cassia fistula, Cream, Propionibacterium Acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.131}, author = {Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa and Muhaimin Muhaimin and Yasmiwar Susilawati and Tiana Milanda} }