@article {2210, title = {Analysis of Hepcidin and Interleukin-6 Levels among Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients With and Without Alloimmunization/Autoimmunization}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {60-66}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {60}, abstract = {

Background: Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) necessitates regular transfusions, resulting in complications such as iron overload, hemolytic anemia, and the emergence of alloantibodies/ autoantibodies. This situation poses challenges in obtaining compatible transfusions. Excessive iron and chronic hemolysis impact the elevation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), initiating an inflammatory process that triggers hepcidin formation and influences antibody development. This study aims to analyze disparities in IL-6 and hepcidin levels and establish the correlation between IL-6 and hepcidin in TDT patients with and without alloimmunization/autoimmunization. Methods: Forty whole blood samples were collected from TDT patients with and without alloimmunization/autoimmunization, centrifuged, and the serum extracted, then stored in a refrigerator at -80{\textdegree}C. IL-6 and hepcidin levels were assessed using the ELISA method. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to evaluate differences in hepcidin and IL-6 levels between the two groups. In contrast, the Spearman Correlation test was utilized to analyze the correlation between hepcidin and IL-6 levels. Results: IL-6 levels in the TDT group with alloimmunization/autoimmunization (3.64 pg/ mL) were significantly higher compared to the TDT group without alloimmunization/autoimmunization (1.41 pg/mL; p \< 0.05). Hepcidin levels in the TDT group with alloimmunization/autoimmunization (2,950.6 pg/mL) were significantly higher compared to the TDT group without alloimmunization/autoimmunization (1,599.6 pg/mL; p \< 0.05). The Spearman correlation test revealed a significant positive correlation between hepcidin and IL-6 levels in TDT patients with alloimmunization/autoimmunization (r = 0.764; p = 0.000). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between hepcidin and IL-6 levels in TDT patients without alloimmunization/autoimmunization (r = 0.559; p = 0.010). Conclusion: IL-6 and hepcidin levels were elevated in TDT patients with alloimmunization/autoimmunization compared to those without. Interleukin-6 and hepcidin exhibited a positive correlation in both transfusion-dependent thalassemia groups.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Antibodies, Hepcidin, Interleukin-6, Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.9}, author = {Widya Firly Novitasari and Jusak Nugraha and Mia Ratwita Andarsini and Betty Agustina Tambunan} } @article {2154, title = {Comparison of Hb Levels Given Iron Supplements with and Without Vitamin B12 to Anemia Female Industrial Workers in Surakarta Residency Area}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1010-1015}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1010}, abstract = {

Objective: The research objective was to analyze the comparison of Hb levels given iron supplements with and without vitamin B12 in female industrial workers who experience anemia. Method: The study used an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research respondents were female industrial workers who experienced anemia in the Surakarta Residency Area. The sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling. The number of samples was 33 respondents divided into a treatment group of 17 respondents and a treatment group of 16 respondents. Results: There was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels in the control group and the treatment group as indicated by a p\>0.05. The results of the paired t-test statistic showed that there was a significant change in hemoglobin levels in the treatment group (0,96 {\textpm} 0,40) p 0,000 (p\<0,05). Conclusion: Giving iron supplementation to anemic women workers can increase hemoglobin levels. Handling of anemia in female workers can be done by making iron supplementation programs and policies in all companies that employ female workers.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Iron Deficiency, Iron Supplements, Vitamin B12, Women Industrial Workers}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.186}, author = {Niken Pratiwi and Rutmauli Hutagaol and Marwansyah and Muhammad Pahruddin and Erna Fauziah and Parellangi and Anwar Mallongi and Sukri Palutturi} } @article {2177, title = {The Effect of Jelly Candy Snake Fruit and Banana With Ferrous Fumarat Fortified using Nano Technology in Adolescent Female at Junior High School}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1150-1155}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1150}, abstract = {

Aim: Adolescent Female are a population at risk for anemia. Nutritional factors such as calories, protein, iron, dietary fiber, and folic acid induce this disease. Furthermore, fishy odor and nausea are two factors that contribute to adolescent females{\textquoteright} lack of iron consumption. Jelly candy formulations of snake and banana fruit with ferrous fumarate fortification using nanotechnology also decrease these diseases as an alternative to food consumption. Young adolescents ought to embrace this jelly formulation, considering its reasonable pricing. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of jelly candy formulations of snake and banana fruit with ferrous fumarate fortification using nanotechnology on the increase in hemoglobin levels. Materials And Methods: A quasi-experimental approach was adopted with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. The study included a cohort of 150 adolescent girls hailing from Tamansari District, Tasikmalaya City, within the age range of 12 to 18 years. Additionally, the subjects were divided into three distinct groups, namely the treatments (involving jelly, snack fruit, banana, and ferrous fumarate supplementation, abbreviated as JEPISA), control group 1 (comprising jelly and ferrous fumarate supplementation, denoted as JFumarate), and control group 2 (receiving iron and folic acid supplementation as part of the Programme), each consisting of 50 participants. The sample selection process employed the purposive sampling technique and the collected data were subjected to analysis using T-Test, Chi-square and Multiple Logistic Regression methods. Results: The results of the T-Test analysis showed that the mean rise in hemoglobin after lean period of 13 week after giving treatments increased hemoglobin levels by 0.65 {\textpm} 0.39 g/dl (95\% CI 0.53-0.75 g/dl), significantly (p-value=0,000). Their mean post intervention haemoglobin of three group was 12.10 {\textpm} 0.80 g/dl, 12.42 {\textpm} 0.70 g/dl and 11.73 {\textpm} 0.90 g/dl respectively. The results of statistical test were obtained, the treatment and control group 1 (p=0,044) and the treatment and control group 2 (p=0,33). The result of the multivariate analysis showed that complaince (p=0,000), nutritional status (p=0,000) and menstrual duration (p=0,000) variable were confounding variables for the incidence of anemia (Exp(B)=17,769). Conclusion: There were differences in Hb levels before and after administering the treatment. However, there was statistically significant difference between treatment with controls 1 and 2. Weekly supplementation of treatment{\textquoteright}s in Iron Deficiency Anemia patients is as good as weekly supplementation of control 1 and but higher than control 2. Adolescent female who did not adhere to consuming iron had a chance of experiencing anemia 17,769 times compared to obedient adolescents after controlling for the variable nutritional status and length of menstruation.

}, keywords = {Adolescent female, Anemia, Fortified, Hemoglobin, Jelly Candy}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.209}, author = {Meti Megawati and Toto Sudargo and And Susetyowati} } @article {2195, title = {The Miracle of Moringa Oleifera Leaves for the Prevention of Anemia: A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1258-1261}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1258}, abstract = {

Background: Moringa oleifera leaves contain very rich compounds that include nutrients, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and many other compounds with numerous benefits for humans. This literature review discusses the benefits of Moringa oleifera leaves in preventing anemia. Methods: This review is a narrative review using the research of international journal sources from databased, national journals in the last ten years. The keywords anemia, hemoglobin, and Moringa oleifera/M. oleifera leaves were used. Based on the 35 journals reviewed, 12 studies were included in this review. Results: The literature results show a positive relationship between Moringa leaf extract and an increase in the value of hemoglobin levels, with a p-value \<0.05. However, this review found other benefits of Moringa oleifera leaf extract, such as improving the morphology of damaged red blood cells and antioxidants. It has become an alternative in the treatment of anemia. Conclusions: The nutrient content in Moringa leaf extract plays a significant part in increasing hemoglobin levels in the blood. Other factors that can increase the risk of anemia are micronutrient deficiency, infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), worm infections, and genetic disorders. (25) We recommend conducting an experimental study to compare two groups given Moringa leaf extract and multi-micronutrient tablets to get more effective results in lowering the prevalence of anemia.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Moringa oleifera leaf extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.228}, author = {Dwi Wahyu Balebu and Ridwan Aminuddin and Veni Hadju and Arsunan Arsin and Nurhaedar Jafar and Herawati and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {862, title = {Antidiabetic Aptitude of Cordia sebestena and its Outcome on Biochemical Parameters, Serum Electrolytes, and Hematological Markers}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {418-423}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {418}, abstract = {

Objective: The present study investigated the antidiabetic outcome of ethanolic extract of Cordia sebestena fruit (EECSF) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetogenic rodents and evaluated its consequence to improve the level of biochemical parameters, serum electrolytes level, and hematological indices along with its impact on body weight. Materials and Methods: The albino rodents were selected to observe oral glucose tolerance test by oral intake of aqueous glucose solution (4 g/kg, body weight) in normal rodents and assessment of blood glucose level after administration of EECSF at 100 and 200 mg/kg and standard drug glibenclamide at 0.6 mg/kg, body weight. Antidiabetic activity was estimated in the chronic biological model by STZ (65 mg/kg/i.p.)-induced diabetes in rodents escorted by the determination of blood glucose. Further pharmacological research was carried out to explore the effect of EECSF on body weight, variations in biochemical parameters including aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and total protein, transformations in serum electrolytes such as Na+, K+, Cl-, and Ca2+ along with estimation of hematological indices such as red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Results: It was discovered that EECSF significantly lowered the blood glucose level of diabetic rodents along with enhancement in body weight. Correspondingly, EECSF significantly ameliorated the biochemical parameters, serum electrolytes, and hematological indices. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the antidiabetic potential of EECSF in STZ-induced diabetes in rodents, and it could be selected to benefit from diabetes and its affiliated complexities inclusive of anemia, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and hepatitis.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Antidiabetic, Cordia sebestena, Glucose, Streptozotocin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.65}, author = {Sachin Chaudhary and Harish Chandra Verma and Mandeep Kumar Gupta and Hitesh Kumar and Sudhansu Ranjan Swain and Ramesh Kumar Gupta and Abdel-Nasser El-Shorbagi} } @article {1020, title = {Effect of Tender Coconut Water to Prevent Anemia on Wistar Rats Induced by Lead (Plumbum)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1325-1330}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1325}, abstract = {

Background: Tender coconut water (TCW) is a nutritious healthy drink, some content as L-arginin, iron, vitamin C, vitamin B6, folic acid and fatty acid have roles during the process of blood formation (hematopoesis). Lead (Pb) is one of heavy metal which can trigger the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and hematopoetic stem cell disorders which cause the decrease of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels as the sign of anemia. Aim and Objectives: This research to investigate the effect of tender coconut water to prevent anemia on lead induced rats. Material and Methods: Experimental research by post test only control group design, using 18 white wistar strain male rats randomly divided into 3 groups. Group K1 served as control, Group K2 was fed lead (10 mg/day/rat), Group K3 was given tender coconut water (8 mL/200gr BW rats/ day) orally for four weeks. Rats{\textquoteright} blood from ophtalmicus venous was analyzed using Hematology Analyzer to measure the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte levels. Data were analyzed using Anova test and Kruskal Wallis. Results:That decreased levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte were show in group K2 compared with group K1. Increased levels of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte were observed significantly in both groups K3 than K2. Conclusion: Results of the present study have administration of tender coconut water (8 mL/200gr BW rats/ day for 4 weeks) could increased of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels (p \<0.05). The administration of tender coconut water has proven to prevent the anemia indicated by the increase of hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels on wistar strain male rats induced by lead.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Lead (Pb), Tender coconut water}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.204}, author = {Siti Thomas Zulaikhah and Joko Wahyuwibowo and Aziz Rakha D and Dede Rizky P and Ahmad Fauzi N} } @article {165, title = {Anti-anemia Effect of Chlorophyll from Katuk (Sauropus androgynus) Leaves on Female Mice Induced Sodium Nitrite}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {June/2016}, pages = {375-379}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {375}, abstract = {

Context: Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) in blood is highly reactive with haemoglobin (Hb), thus affecting hematopoiesis and induction of methemoglobinemia. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the effect of chlorophyll from katuk (Sauropus androgynus) leaves on the level of Hb, Malondialdehyde (MDA), ferritin, and schistocytes percentage in female mice induced NaNO2. Settings and Design: Experimental research was conducted using 24 female mice strain Balb-c. Methods and Material: NaNO2 0.3 ml/head/day given during 18 days, while the chlorophyll or Cu-chlorophyllin as much as 0.7 ml/head/day given the following day for 14 days. Statistical analysis used: Results are reported as mean values \± SD and statistically analyzed by One Way Anova test with 95\% significance level. Results: The Hb levels of blood plasma in the control group, NaNO2 induction, induction NaNO2 and chlorophyll of katuk leaves (NaNO2+katuk), induction of NaNO2 and Cu-chlorophyllin from K-LiquidTM (NaNO2+Cu-chlorophyllin) in sequence is 13.29 g/dl; 11.83 g/dl; 14.54 g/dl; 13.99 g/dl, whilst the MDA levels in each group is 2.10 \± 0.11 mol/L, 3.44 \± 0.38 mol/L, 2.31 \± 0.18 mol/L, 2.31 \± 0.13 mol/L, and the ferritin levels is 62.71 \± 6.42 ng/ml; 63.22 \± 7.59 ng/ml; 67.45 \± 8.03 ng/ml, and 64.74 \± 7.80 ng/ml, respectively. The fragment schistocytes ocyte percentage\’s in each group is 0\%, 0.11\%, 0.01\%, 0.03\%. The ferritin levels tend to increase in NaNO2+katuk. Mann Whitney test results obtained no significant difference in Hb, MDA level and schistocytes percentage between the groups of mice that received NaNO2+katuk NaNO2+Cu-chlorophyllin (p\>0.05). This indicates that chlorophyll from S. androgynus leaves as effective as Cu-chlorophyllin in decrease the MDA levels after NaNO2 treatment, and although not significant, it can increase ferritin levels. Conclusion:\ The antioxidant activity of chlorophyll from katuk leaves are able to decrease schistocytes percentage\’s and MDA level. The increasing of Hb and ferritin level indicates its potential in the treatment of haemolityc anaemia. Further studies aimed at the mechanisms of action of this chlorophyll are needed.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Chlorophyll, Ferritin, Schistocytes., Sodium nitrite}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.4.10}, author = {Suparmi Suparmi and Sampurna Sampurna and Nur Anna C.S and Alvenia Meilina Ednisari and Galuh Dea Urfani and Iqrommatul Laila and Heavin Rakhmat Saintika} } @article {142, title = {Anti-Anemia Effect of Standardized Extract of Moringa Oleifera Lamk. Leaves on Aniline Induced Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {January 2016}, pages = {255-258}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {255}, abstract = {

Background: The leaves of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) have been empirically used as anti-anemia for pregnant woman. Objectives: In the present study, the effect of ethanolic extract of moringa leaves was evaluated on the hematology parameters (hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit), on aniline induced white female rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty female rats strain Sprague-Dawley were divided into six groups: normal, anemia and ferrous fumarate group, and three groups of Moringa leaves extract. All groups, except normal group, induced by aniline at dose 0.005 ml/ g bw intraperitonially. On fifth day, normal and anemia groups were given 0.5\% CMC, ferrous fumarate group was given ferrous fumarate orally and three other groups were given Moringa leaves extract at doses 198 mg, 396 mg, and 792 mg/200 g bw until the eleventh day. Results: The results showed that as Moringa leaves extracts increased the level of hemoglobin, red blood cell count, hematocrit, and total iron content in blood. Moreover, Moringa leaves extract at dose 792 mg/200 g bw can improve red blood cell\’s morphology and increased the level of hemoglobin and red blood cell count significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Moringa leaves showed anti-anemia on aniline-induced rats.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Aniline, Erythrocyte, Moringa Oleifera L, Total Iron.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.14}, author = {Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im and Meidi Utami Puteri and Santi Purna Sari and Azizahwati} }