@article {1777, title = {Cytotoxic Effects of Kirinyuh Herb (Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (Kunth) R. d. King \& H. Robinson) Extracts and Fractions on BSLT, MCF-7 Cells and T-47D Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {374-378}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {374}, abstract = {

Breast Cancer is the second-highest prevalence of cancer disease in Indonesia, with the number of new cases and deaths continues to increase. Kirinyuh or Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (Kunth) R. D. King \& H. Robinson is a shrub plant, which are widely grown in Indonesia. Traditionally, it is used for woundhealing and information about anticancer potential of A. inulaefolium is still very limited. This study aims to assess the potential of cytotoxic activity of A. inulaefolium on MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cells. Tests that carried out in this study were phytochemicals screening, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) and Cytotoxicity assay. The phytochemicals screening showed that EA (leaves extracts levels 1-3), EB (leaves extracts levels 4-6) and EC (stalk extracts) contained tannin, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids and phenols. The BSLT results showed that the EB has the smallest LC50 value of 12.86 μg/mL. MTT assay results showed the smallest IC50 value of the extract and the fraction on MCF-7 cells were EA 204.96 μg/ mL and FEA 205.43 μg/mL and T-47D cells were EB 217.03 μg/mL and FEA 192.36 μg/mL. The conclusion of toxicity and cytotoxicity of the herb (leaves and stalks) ethanol 96\% extracts of A. inulaefolium had a very toxic effect on BSLT however had less potential cytotoxicity on MCF-7 cells and T-47D cells.

}, keywords = {BSLT, Cytotoxicity, Kirinyuh (Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (Kunth) R. D. King \& H. Robinson), MCF-7, T-47D}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.48}, author = {Riskianto and Andreanus Andaja Soemardji and Marselina Irasonia Tan} } @article {1342, title = {Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Bioassay on Blumeodendron toxbrai (Blume.) Stem Bark Hexane, Dichloromethane, and Methanolic Ekstract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {139-141}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {139}, abstract = {

Introduction: Blumeodendron toksbraii has the potential to be anti-HIV and anti α-glucosidase. Objective: This research was conducted to examine the effects of antioxidant and cytotoxicity in vitro from these compounds from methanolic stem bark extract. Method: Stem bark to be extracted with maceration using hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol solution. Extracts were quantified with respect to in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2.2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging. Anticytotoxic activity was determined by cytotoxicity assay using MCF-7 cell line with Alamar Blue method. Results: The observed IC50 value from hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extract for antioxidant assay were 88.33 {\textpm} 0.19 μg/ mL, 74,54 {\textpm} 0,61 μg /mL and 94.1 {\textpm} 0.19 μg/mL respectively. IC50 value of anti-cytotoxic assay from hexane extract, dichloromethane and methanol extract is 121.24 {\textpm} 0.15 μg/mL, 55 {\textpm} 0,48 μg/mL and 70.71 {\textpm} 0.15 μg/mL. Conclusion: dichloromethane extract showed good promising result for anti-oxidant and cytotoxic assay, futher study needed to isolate compound from this plant.

}, keywords = {Anticytotoxic DPPH, Antioxidant, Blumeodendron toksbraii, Cancer, MCF-7}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.19}, author = {Andreas Susilo Adi and Berna Elya and Muhammad Hanafi} } @article {1355, title = {Cytotoxicity Effect of the Pericarp Extracts of Garcinia forbesii King on MCF-7 Breast Cancer and HepG2 Liver Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {226-229}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {226}, abstract = {

Background: The species from the genus Garcinia has long been used as traditional medicine for cancer treatment. Objective: To analyze the phytochemical contents and assess the cytotoxic effects of pericarp extracts of Garcinia forbesii King against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HepG2 liver cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical contents were analyzed using the thin-layer chromatography and the cytotoxic activity was assessed using the MTT assay method. Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and polyphenols. The cytotoxic activities of n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate extracts on MCF-7 cells were shown with IC50 103.605{\textpm}2.3410 μg/ mL, 397.609{\textpm}28.0534 μg/mL and 1,518.301{\textpm}68.6379 μg/mL respectively, while the IC50 on HepG2 cells were 79.798{\textpm}1.2261 μg/mL, 83.230{\textpm}4.2557 μg/mL and 671.875{\textpm}94.3338 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane, DCM and ethyl acetate extracts from pericarps of G. forbesii King have cytotoxic activities against MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells, therefore, it has the potential to be developed as an anticancer.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Cytotoxic, Garcinia forbesii King., HepG2, MCF-7}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.32}, author = {Joharman and Hadi Poerwono and Sukardiman} } @article {1166, title = {Assessment of the Impact of Wild Stinkhorn Mushroom Extracts on Different Cancer Cell Proliferation and Study of Primary Metabolites}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {699-708}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {699}, abstract = {

Objective: Present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of wild mushroom Phallus sp. on cell proliferation of both normal and cancer cells. This study also looked at anti-oxidant potentiality of methanolic extract and also unravels the phytochemical profiling of both extracts. Methods: Anti-proliferative activity was assessed by MTT assay on different human cancer cell lines such as MCF-7, MOLT-4, REH and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells or PBMC isolated from a healthy donor. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used for comparative assessment of phytochemical constituents of both extracts. The anti-oxidant profile of methanolic extract was also evaluated by DPPH and ABTS{\textbullet}+ assays. Results: Results indicated that the both methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Phallus sp. showed appreciable anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with IC50 of 8.544{\textpm}2.812 μg/mL and 35.279{\textpm}2.863 μg/mL respectively. Both of the extracts also showed its moderate impact on human B cell precursor leukemia cell line (REH) with IC50 of 25.987{\textpm}2.696 μg/mL for methanol and 51.484{\textpm}1.480 μg/mL for ethyl acetate extract respectively. No effect was observed in MOLT-4 cell line. Methanolic extract was selected as better anti cancer extract over ethyl acetate extract. No significant anti-proliferative activity was observed in normal PBMC by both extracts. GC-MS analysis indicated that 43 and 114 compounds were identified from methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. Among them nine compounds shared its existence in both of the extracts. Different derivatives of ergosterol and several fatty acid esters ware identified as major components from both of the extracts. Methanolic extracts of the Phallus sp. showed its effectiveness on both of DPPH and ABTS{\textbullet}+ free radical, and result indicated that it contain more flavonoid content than phenol. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Phallus sp. show very specific anti-proliferative effect on MCF-7 with moderate anti-oxidant activity and holds a great promise for isolation of bio molecules for treating Breast Cancer. Several derivatives of ergosterol identified as probable anti-cancer compound.

}, keywords = {ABTS{\textbullet}+, GC-MS, MCF-7, MTT Assay, Phallus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.102}, author = {Ribhu Ray and Amrita Pal and Santanu Paul} } @article {1231, title = {Cytotoxicity of Lactobacillus plantarum KK518 Isolated from Pak-Sian Dong (Thai Fermented Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC.) Against HepG2, MCF-7 and HeLa Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1050-1057}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1050}, abstract = {

Background: Pak-Sian Dong is a fermented vegetable product of Thailand prepared from aerial parts of Pak-Sian (Gynandropsis pentaphylla DC.). Lactobacillus plantarum KK518 was isolated from Pak-Sian Dong and already assessed for its probiotic attributes. Objective: The aim of this work was to determine the untapped cytotoxic effects of L. plantarum KK518 extract against HepG2 (liver cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer) cells. Materials and Methods: The bacterial extracts were prepared from whole cultures; containing cells and broths using ethyl acetate as extracting solvent and the dried extracts were redissolved in ethanol before use. Cytotoxic, antiproliferative and antimigratory effects of the bacterial extracts on three types of cancer cells were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetra zolium bromide (MTT) assay, clonogenic formation and wound healing assays, respectively. Results: L. plantarum KK518 extract showed the highest cytotoxicity at 90.88\% at 1,000 μg/mL against HeLa cells (IC50 of 371.97 μg/mL) over 48 h of exposure. Anti-colony formation test showed that the bacterial extracts at 600, 800 and 1,000 μg/mL over 48 h led to a complete inhibition of colony formation of HeLa cells; however the highest IC50 of 418.52 μg/mL was found in HepG2 cells suggesting that HepG2 was least affected by bacterial extract. Likewise, HepG2 cells seemed to be most resistant to antimigratory effects as observed by highest relative area of the wound at most time intervals and most extract concentrations. Conclusion: L. plantarum KK518 offers a potential use as a bio-therapeutic with chemopreventive effects against cervical, breast and liver cancers.

}, keywords = {HeLa, HepG2, L. plantarum KK518, MCF-7, Pak-Sian-Dong}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.148}, author = {Vijitra Luang-In and Worachot Saengha and Benjaporn Buranrat and Sutisa Nudmamud-Thanoi and Arjan Narbad and Supaporn Pumriw and Wannee Samappito} } @article {1163, title = {Cytotoxicity of Selenium-Enriched Chinese Kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) Seedlings Against Caco-2, MCF-7 and HepG2 Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {674-681}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {674}, abstract = {

Background: The Selenium-enriched Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra L.) seedlings (Se-KS) have been known for its antioxidant activities, however its cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells are yet to be reported. Objective: The objective of this work was to study the cytotoxic effects of Se-KS on Caco-2, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells. Materials and Methods: Freeze-dried seedlings were ground and incubated in 0.1 M citrate phosphate buffer pH 7.0 for 1 h at 37{\textdegree}C and extracted with dichloromethane to obtain total isothiocyanate (ITC) content which was quantified using the 1,2-benzenedithiole (BDT)-based cyclocondensation assay. The extracts from fresh seedlings were used to determine the cytotoxic effect on Caco- 2, MCF-7 and HepG2 cancer cells. Results: Se-KS was found to contain total ITC content at 1.02 mmol/100 g dry weight (DW) which was significantly lower than that of 7-day old broccoli microgreens (1.60 mmol/100 g DW) as reference Cruciferous vegetables. In addition, Se-KS extract exhibited cytotoxic effects in a dose- and time-dependent manners. The lowest IC50 value of 82.83 μg/mL at 72 h was derived from HepG2 cells and the highest IC50 value of 164.00 μg/mL at 72 h was from MCF-7 cells suggesting that the Se-KS extract was most effective against HepG2 cells. Cancer cells showed signs of apoptotic bodies over 72 h and DNA fragmentations at 24 h indicating that the Se-KS extract was able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells in addition to cytotoxic effect. Conclusion: Thus, Se-KS could be a novel source of organo selenium with chemopreventive benefits for functional food development.

}, keywords = {Caco-2, HepG2, Isothiocyanate, Kale, MCF-7, Selenium}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.99}, author = {Vijitra Luang-In and Worachot Saengha and Benjaporn Buranrat and Anut Chantiratikul and Nyuk Ling Ma} } @article {752, title = {Therapeutic Index of Methanolic Extracts of Three Malaysian Phyllanthus Species on MCF-7 and MCF-10A Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s30-s32}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s30}, abstract = {

Introduction: Phyllanthus species such as P. urinaria, P. niruri and P. debilis are common herbs found in Malaysia that are traditionally used for treatment of chronic diseases such as liver diseases, kidney stones and cancer. Phyllanthus species were shown in vitro to have many biological functions such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and anti-diabetic. Aims: The goal of this in vitro study was to assess the cytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of P. urinaria, P. niruri and P. debilis on MCF-10A and MCF-7 cells (i.e., normal and cancerous breast cell lines) and to determine the therapeutic index of each Phyllanthus species. Materials and Methods: We determined the therapeutic index for each Phyllanthus sp. and its selective toxicity towards these cells. The toxicity of sample toward the cells are measured by trypan blue cell counting method. Results: Our results showed that P. debilis had the lowest IC50 concentration in MCF-7 cells and the highest IC50 concentration in MCF-10A cells and its therapeutic index was higher than that found in P. niruri and P. urinaria. The high therapeutic index of P. debilis suggests that this species has greater selective cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cancer cells than in MCF-10A normal cells. Thus, the methanolic extract of P. debilis should be further characterised and developed for future use as an anti-cancer agent.

}, keywords = {Cytotoxicity, MCF-10A, MCF-7, Phyllanthus, Therapeutic index}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.5}, author = {Wan Adnan Wan Omar and Siti Nur Dalila Mohd Zain} } @article {218, title = {Cytotoxic Compounds from Kibatalia gitingensis (Elm.) Woodson}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {8-13}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {8}, abstract = {

Ursolic acid (1), squalene (2), a mixture of \α-amyrin acetate (3a) and lupeol acetate (3b), and isoscopoletin (4), isolated from the dichloromethane extracts of the leaves and twigs of Kibatalia gitingensis, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against three human cancer cell lines, breast (MCF-7) and colon (HT-29 and HCT-116), and a normal cell line, human dermal fibroblast-neonatal (HDFn), using the in vitro PrestoBlue cell viability assay. Compounds 1-4 exhibited strong cytotoxic activities against HT-29 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.6931 to 1.083 \μg/mL. Furthermore, 1-4 were moderately cytotoxic against HCT-116 cells with IC50 values ranging from 4.065 to 11.09 \μg/mL. These compounds were least cytotoxic against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values ranging from 8.642 to 25.87 \μg/mL. The most cytotoxic against HT-29 cells, HCT-116 cells and MCF-7 cells are 2, 4 and 1, respectively.

}, keywords = {Apocynaceae, Cytotoxicity, HCT-116, HDFn, HT-29, Isoscopoletin, Kibatalia gitingensis, Lupeol acetate, MCF-7, PrestoBlue{\textregistered} cell viability assay., Squalene, Ursolic acid, α-amyrin acetate}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.2}, author = {Mariquit M. De Los Reyes and Glenn G. Oyong and Vincent Antonio S. Ng and Chien-Chang Shen and Consolacion Y. Ragasa} }