@article {996, title = {In silico Analysis of Flavonoid Glycosides and its Aglycones as Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1252-1255}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1252}, abstract = {

Background: HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed more than 35 million lives so far. In 2016, 1 million people died from HIV-related causes globally. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase is one of HIV{\textquoteright}s vital enzymes for virus reproduction. If the enzyme is inhibited, the virus multiplication could be significantly decreased. There are currently many treatments for HIV, but more effective treatment is always needed because of the possibility of drug resistance and side effects for long-term use. Based on the previous study, there are some natural compounds with high affinity to the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme. Some of these compounds are flavonoid glycosides. Aims and Method: This study was aimed to learn more about in silico HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities of flavonoid glycosides using docking method. Results: The results showed that the most recommended flavonoid glycosides are those with the lowest binding energy, which were kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside. This was due to the interactions of all three flavonoid rings and sugar moiety with key amino acid residues, which were Leu100, Lys101, Glu138, Tyr181, His235 and Tyr318. Conclusion: Flavonoid glycosides with rhamnose as glycone showed lower binding energy on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

}, keywords = {Flavonoid, Glycosides, HIV, Molecular docking, Reverse transcriptase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.194}, author = {Stefandi J Wijaya and Arry Yanuar and Rosita Handayani and Rezi Riadhi Syahdi} } @article {236, title = {Anti-HIV Activity of Phytosterol Isolated from Aerva lanata Roots}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2016}, pages = {112-116}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {112}, abstract = {

Background: AIDS in humans, which is caused by the HIV remains among the leading causes of death worldwide. Objective: The study was undertaken to investigate the HIV-RT inhibitory activity of Phytotesrols extracted from roots of Aerva lanata. Methodology: Sequential maceration method was performed for preparation of extracts using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol solvents. RetroSys HIV-1 RT (Innovagen, Sweden) kit was used to determine the HIV-RT inhibitory activity of all solvents extracts. Results \& Discussion:\ All extracts showed significant inhibitory activity. Chloroform extracts shows highest inhibition of recombinant HIV-RT (89.0\%) at 2 and mg/ml concentration. Phytosterols isolated from chloroform extracts. These results were remarkable and can be used to develop a new drug for HIV treatment or other infectious diseases caused by the pathogenic micro-organisms, for which plant sterols may play a distinctive role. Conclusion: Further work is in progress to evaluate the advanced spectroscopic studies are required for the structural elucidation, identification and characterization of the active compound from this plant.

}, keywords = {Aerva lanata, Characterization, HIV-1, Phytosterols, Reverse transcriptase, Structural elucidation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.19}, author = {Rajendra Prasad Gujjeti and Estari Mamidala} }