Identification of the Chemical Compound of Essential Oil from Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) Leaves with Gc-Ms

Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a plant that is widely used as a spice, especially in cooking spices. This plant has a distinctive aroma. The distinctive aroma that is owned because this plant contains essential oils.1 Phytochemical screening results of coriander seeds have diverse secondary metabolites, including steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin,2 volatile compounds3 and coriander leaves are contain phenolic acid, poliyphenols, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and tannins.4,5 These coriander plants have diverse biology activities including antioxidant,6 antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant3 and anti-cancer activities and gastrointestinal, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, tranquilizing nervous system, lipolytic and miorelaksan, rerigeran, tonic, dieretic, rheumatic, neuralgia, and flatulence7 and antimicrobials.8 This study aims to characterize, isolate essential oils and analyze the content of bioactive compounds of C. sativum leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrocopy (GC-MS).


INTRODUCTION
Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum L.) is a plant that is widely used as a spice, especially in cooking spices. This plant has a distinctive aroma. The distinctive aroma that is owned because this plant contains essential oils. 1 Phytochemical screening results of coriander seeds have diverse secondary metabolites, including steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, 2 volatile compounds 3 and coriander leaves are contain phenolic acid, poliyphenols, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. 4,5 These coriander plants have diverse biology activities including antioxidant, 6 antimicrobial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anxiolytic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-convulsant 3 and anti-cancer activities and gastrointestinal, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, tranquilizing nervous system, lipolytic and miorelaksan, rerigeran, tonic, dieretic, rheumatic, neuralgia, and flatulence 7 and antimicrobials. 8 This study aims to characterize, isolate essential oils and analyze the content of bioactive compounds of C. sativum leaves using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrocopy (GC-MS). Preparation of isolation essential oil of C. sativum leaves Isolation of essential oils of simplicia of C. sativum leaves was carried out by means of modified distillation ( Figure 1). Simplisia C. sativum leaves are put into a round pumpkin, plus boiling stones and distilled water to taste. The distillation process is carried out for 1-2 days per 500 g simplicia of C. sativum leaves. The isolated essential oil was separated from the water mixture and stored in a vial bottle. The residue of water was removed by adding anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , to obtain water-free essential oil. The essential oil obtained was determined by the yield.

GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis
Investigation of essential oil chemical compounds was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry equipment (Shimadzu QP-2010 Plus) with the condition of the tool specifications as follows: Rtx-5MS capillary column type, column length of 30 meters, column diameter of 0.25 mm, column thickness of 0.25 μm, injector temperature of 300 o C, pressure of 53 kPa, carrier gas He with flow rate of 0.99 ml/min, methyl silicon the stationary phase, temperature of the programmed column (temperature programming) with an initial temperature of 50 o C, then slowly increased with a rate of increase of 10 o C until reaching the final temperature of 300 o C and maintained. The volume of essential oils injected 5 µl, the results were compared using the Wiley spectral library database program. 9

Isolation of essential oil C. sativum leaves and GC-MS analysis
The results of isolation of C. sativum essential oil with a yield of 0.2% with a reddish yellow color, produce a distinctive aroma (Figure 2). Essential oils from GC-MS analysis obtained 35 peaks with different retention times, eighteen compounds identified with six compounds identified repeatedly (Figure 3 and Table 1).

CONCLUSION
The components of the bioactive compounds contained essential oils in C. sativum leaves after being analyzed by GC-MS were very diverse. This strongly supports the use of C. sativum leaves for various treatments and traditional cooking spices. An ongoing evaluation needs to be carried out to determine for certain the potential activities of each component as important information on phytopharmacy.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank Hutri Simamora for helping with the research and the Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Senior Medan for providing laboratory.