@article {2429, title = {Effect of Cacao Bean Extract as a Paracetamol Adjuvant on Pain Scale and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in Neuropathic Pain: An Animal Model Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {1336-1341}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1336}, abstract = {

Introduction: One treatment for neuropathic pain is paracetamol. Meanwhile, cacao bean extract is a traditional remedy developed for pain management. Objective: Analyzing effect of combining cacao bean extract and paracetamol on pain scale and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in neuropathic pain. Methods: Subjects were randomized post-test only control group design from 28 mice (Mus musculus) to 4 groups: G0 (control), G1 (paracetamol only), G2 (cacao + paracetamol), and G3 (cacao + {\textonehalf} doses paracetamol). The subject assessed pain scale using von Frey test and TNF-α. The statistical analysis includes paired t-tests, Wilcoxon, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis, and Pearson correlation tests with p \<0.05. Results: The combination of cacao bean extract and paracetamol resulted in a pain scale of 2.57 {\textpm} 1.10 gf, with significant differences observed among the four groups (p \<0.001). Significant differences in pain scale scores were found in four groups (p \<0.001), including G0 (p = 0.006), G1 (p \<0.001), G2 (p \<0.001), and G3 (p \<0.001). After treatment, the average TNF-α levels was 86.96 {\textpm} 23.73 ng/mL, with significant differences observed among the four groups (p \<0.001). There was a strong correlation between the pain scale and TNF-α levels (p \<0.001). Conclusion: In an animal model of neuropathic pain, using cacao bean extract as a paracetamol adjuvant significantly reduces pain scale (as measured by the von Frey test) and TNF-α levels.

}, keywords = {Cacao, Neuropathic pain, pain scale, Paracetamol, TNF-α}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.215}, author = {Faiz Muhammad Ammar and Christrijogo Sumartono Waloejo and Herdiani Sulistyo Putri and Kohar Hari Santoso and Prananda Surya Airlangga and Budi Utomo} }