@article {1831, title = {The Effect of Omega-3 Rich Fish Oil on the Kidney Changes in Mice Induced by Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {259-266}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {259}, abstract = {

Background: The study aimed to investigate the effect of omega-3 rich fish oil to kidney of mice induced by Azoxymethane (AOM) and DSS using histopathology parameters. Method: The experimental mice were induced using 10 mg/kg AOM and 2\% DSS for 2 weeks randomly allocated randomly into four groups as follows; Control Group: mice that not received fish oil, Low Dose Group: mice that received 1.5 mg/day fish oil, Medium Dose Group: mice that received 3 mg/day fish oil, and High Dose Group: mice that received 6 mg/day fish oil. The omega-3 rich fish oil was given for 12 weeks. Result: The administration of high dose omega-3 rich fish oil was able to reduced necrosis and inflammation foci compared to the control group (p\<0.05). Furthermore, the administration of low, medium, and high dose omega-3 rich fish oil was able to significantly reduced vascular edema and cell degeneration foci (p\<0.05). The administration of medium and high dose of omega-3 rich fish oil were able to reduce the amount of fibrosis foci compared to the control group (p\<0.05) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The result suggested anti-nephrotoxic effect of omega-3 rich fish oil in mice induced by azoxymethane and DSS.

}, keywords = {Azoxymethane, Dextran sodium sulfate, Fish oil, Histopathology, Kidney, Mice, Omega-3}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.94}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Paulus Anthony Halim and Wachid Putranto and Aryo Tedjo} } @article {1793, title = {The Effect of Pomegranate Peel Ethanol Extract to TNF-α Expression of Mice Colonic Epithelial Cells Induced Using Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {480-488}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {480}, abstract = {

Introduction: The conventional drugs for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have many side effects that impact patient{\textquoteright}s quality of life, leading to the emergence of alternative therapies such as pomegranate peel ethanol extract (PPE). This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of PPE by observing TNF-α expression in mice induced chronic inflammation of the colon using dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: 28 Swiss Webster mice samples were taken and divided into five groups, the control group (6 mice), the negative control group (5 mice), the group that was given DSS and aspirin (6 mice), the group was given DSS and a high dose of PPE (5 mice), and the group was given DSS and a low dose of PPE (6 mice). In mice, distal colonic tissue was taken and then stained immunohistochemically against TNF-α and observed with light microscopy at 400x magnification, and TNF-α expression was assessed using the H-Score. Results: TNF-α expression was significantly lower in the group given a high dose of PPE than the negative control group (p \<0.05), with mean rank scores of 3.00 and 8.00. There was no significant difference between the group given PPE with a high dose and aspirin (p\> 0.05). Conclusion: TNF-α expression in colonic epithelial cells of mice given DSS decreased upon treatment of a high dose of PPE, indicating a mechanism of decreasing inflammation. PPE also has the same effect as aspirin in reducing inflammation.

}, keywords = {Colonic epithelial cells, Dextran sodium sulfate, Mice., Pomegranate peel ethanol extract, TNF-α}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.61}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Raja Yasmin Khalilah and E Zuraidah and Ari Estuningtyas and Aryo Tedjo} } @article {1691, title = {The Effect of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) Leaf Extract on the Mucin 1 Expression in Mice Colonic Epithelial Cells Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1509-1515}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1509}, abstract = {

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammation caused by the malignant inflammation response and if not treated, could lead to colorectal cancer. One of the researched treatment is mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaf extract that has flavonoid compound known to reduce inflammation. This study was aimed to prove that mahkota dewa leaf extract could reduce inflammation of mice colon induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) and observe MUC1 expression from colon epithelial crypt of Lieberkuhn. Methods: This was a laboratory experiment using biological material (paraffin block) taken from 28 mice and divided into 5 groups: normal, aspirin, low and high dose mahkota dewa, and negative control. They were processed into immunohistochemistry and stained microscopic slides. Afterwards, they were observed with 400x magnification and 5 field-of-view of mice colon crypt of lieberkuhn. Then MUC1 expression was counted using ImageJ to obtain mean immunohistochemistry score and analyzed with SPSS. Results: There were significant reduction of MUC1 expressions from normal, aspirin, and high dose mahkota dewa groups compared to the negative control group. The result shown MUC1 expression from high dose mahkota dewa (M=149.90,SD=3.81) and aspirin (M=158.92,SD=5.28) were closer to normal group (M=148.02,SD=5.28). There were no significant results between negative (M=175.39,SD=14.30) and low dose mahkota dewa group (M=149.90,SD=5.02). Conclusion: There was a reduction of MUC1 expression in DSS-induced mice colonic epithelial cells for high dose mahkota dewa group. This shown that high dosage mahkota dewa leaf extract could reduce inflammation like aspirin.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory agent, Colon epithelial cell, Inflammatory bowel Disease, Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa), MUC 1 expression}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.192}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Natasha Yemima Situmorang and Endah Zuraidah and Ari Estuningtyas and Aryo Tedjo} } @article {1380, title = {Potential Inhibition by Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract on Ki-67 Expression in Distal Colon Mouse}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {443-449}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {443}, abstract = {

Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been an important aspect of an incurable chronic inflammatory disease over the last few decades. To find useful therapies for UC, one of which is herbal therapy, many researches have been conducted. Due to its anti-inflammatory effects, Phaleria macrocarpa (PM), an Indonesian indigenous herb, is considered to be the alternative therapy for UC. Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract (PMLEE) is then used in this research to determine its effect on UC by using Ki-67 as a marker of proliferation. PMLEE was created from dry PM content undergoing maceration. The animals were classified into six categories: normal, positive control, negative control and PMLEE group (100, 200, 300 mg/kgBW). PMLEE was then injected for 7 consecutive days into BALB/c mice that were caused by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). DSS is used for modeling UC in the colon tissue of mice. All mice were terminated and then stained with anti-Ki-67 after their colons were extracted. Subsequently, the stained parts were analyzed with ImageJ based on the color intensity produced by the results of H-score. Based on H-score, PMLEE 300mg and 200mg has significantly decreased the expression of Ki-67 compare to the negative control (p=0.001 and p=0.01). PMLEE also has a tendency to be dose dependent based on the significant difference from PMLEE 300mg and 100mg (p=0.002). It then concludes that PMLEE is related to Ki-67 expression in cells, as it was inversely proportional in this analysis.

}, keywords = {Dextran sodium sulphate, Inflamation, Ki- 67, Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa)}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.56}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Elvan Wiyarta and Ari Estuningtyas and Nurhuda Sahar and Yurnadi Hanafi Midoen and Aryo Tedjo and Alfred Pakpahan} } @article {1326, title = {Potential of Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract to Upregulate the Expression of Caspase-3 in Mouse Distal Colon after Dextran Sodium Sulphate Induction}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {23-29}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {23}, abstract = {

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a part of incurable chronic inflammatory disease that has gained importance over the past few decades. A lot of research has been done to find effective treatments for UC, one of which is herbal medicine. Phaleria macrocarpa (PM), an Indonesian native plant, is thought to be an alternative therapy for UC because of its anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, in this research, Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract (PMLEE) is used to assess its effect on UC by using Caspase-3 as apoptosis marker. PMLEE was made from dried material of PM that undergo maceration. Animals were separated into six groups: normal, negative control, positive control, and PMLEE groups (100, 200, 300 mg/kgBW). PMLEE was then injected to BALB/c mice that have been induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for 7 consecutive days. DSS is used to model UC in mice colon tissue. All animals were sacrificed and their colons were collected then stained with anti-Caspase-3. The stained sections were subsequently examined with ImageJ based on color intensity which generated H-Score as the results. Based on H-Score of each group, PMLEE 300mg has significantly upregulate the expression of Caspase-3 compare to the negative control (p=0.015). PMLEE also has a tendency to be dose dependent based on the significant difference between PMLEE doses. Therefore, it concludes that PMLEE is able to upregulate the expression of Caspase-3 in colon cells as in this study it was directly proportional. Key words: Mahkota Dewa, Inflammation, Apoptosis, Ulcerative colitis.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis, Inflammation, Mahkota Dewa, Ulcerative colitis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.4}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Elvan Wiyarta and Ari Estuningtyas and Nurhuda Sahar and Yurnadi Hanafi Midoen and Aryo Tedjo} } @article {834, title = {Comparison between the Effect of Precipitate and Supernatant Aloe vera Gel on Experimental Cutaneous Wound Healing Using Optical Coherence Tomography}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {405-412}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {405}, abstract = {

Background: Wound healing is a fundamental response to injured tissue that results in the restoration of tissue integrity. One of the famous herbs that promote wound healing is Aloe vera. Despite well known for its therapeutic effect, several studies reported inconclusive evidence regarding this. Besides, lack of evidence to postulate the superior effect of two components of Aloe vera which are the precipitate and supernatant. Objective: Study compares the effects of precipitate and supernatant in promoting tissue repair. Evaluation takes place by using optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and is comparable with histopathology study. Methods: Twelve male mice were randomly divided into four groups (precipitate, supernatant, control 50\% ethanol, and normal). 200 mg of Aloe vera was extracted. A standardized 2 cm longitudinal incision wound was created. All mice were given topical Aloe vera, 0.5 g each, once daily and assessment of wound surface was performed using OCT. The animals were sacrificed on day 10 to evaluate histopathologically. Results: R parameter from the OCT was utilized to analyze the data. There is no significant difference in the treatment effect between Aloe vera treated group and control on day 10 post-injury. Treated animals with precipitate did not differ significantly from supernatant treated group. Nevertheless, from histopathology analysis, precipitate showed better wound reepithelialisation, collagen formation and angionesis despite having numerous inflammatory cells. Conclusion: OCT using R parameter is not the best choice to detect wound healing. Nevertheless, from histopathological perspective, Aloe vera accelerates wound healing and precipitate Aloe vera gel does have a superior effect from supernatant in promoting wound healing.

}, keywords = {Aloe vera, OCT, Precipitate, Supernatant, Wound Healing}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.63}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Nurrashida Binti Mok Hallim and Aryo Tedjo and Anwar Ibrahim and Salinah} } @article {700, title = {Identification by Docking Simulation and in vivo Effect of Essential Oil from Cinnamommum burmannii as Anti-obesity with Leptin Receptor in the Olfactory System of Mice Balb C}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {875-879}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {875}, abstract = {

Aim: This study examines the effect of inhalation of essential oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) on the metabolic activity of hormone receptors olfactory system of mice Balb C. Methodology: Effects of agonist or antagonist compounds in cinnamon essential oil on metabolic hormone receptors in the olfactory system are predicted using molecular docking simulation. Changes in the metabolic processes that occur views of changes in body weight, change in food intake, as well as lipid profile and blood glucose of mice. Result: The results showed Expression of leptin receptors (Lep-R) in the brains of mice given either inhalation of essential oils derived from the leaves and stems, in contrast to the control group who did not get essential oils. Provision of essential oils through inhalation increased lep-R expression in the brain of mice. Both in silico and in vivo evidence that essential oils from cinnamon plants are extracted from Cinnamommum burmannii and given by inhalation in Balb C mice are known to improve glucose and lipid metabolism by reducing the concentration of serum leptin concentrations and increased sensitivity to insulin.

}, keywords = {Cinnamomum burmannii, docking simulation, immunohistochemistry, leptin receptors, olfactory system}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.147}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Aryo Tedjo and Fadilah Fadilah and Ade Arsianti and Rafika Indah Paramita} } @article {669, title = {Identification by Docking Simulation And In Vivo Effect of Essential Oil From Cinnamommum Burmannii as Antiobesity With Leptin Receptor In The Olfactory System of Mice Balb C}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {July/2018}, pages = {73-77}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {73}, abstract = {

Aim: This study examines the effect of inhalation of essential oil of cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) on the metabolic activity of hormone receptors olfactory system of mice balb C. Methodology: Effects of agonist or antagonist compounds in cinnamon essential oil on metabolic hormone receptors in the olfactory system are predicted using molecular docking simulation. Changes in the metabolic processes that occur views of changes in body weight, change in food intake, as well as lipid profile and blood glucose of mice. Result: The results showed Expression of leptin receptors (Lep-R) in the brains of mice given either inhalation of essential oils derived from the leaves and stems, in contrast to the control group who did not get essential oils. Provision of essential oils through inhalation increased lep-R expression in the brain of mice. Both in silico and in vivo evidence that essential oils from cinnamon plants are extracted from Cinnamommum burmannii and given by inhalation in Balb C mice are known to improve glucose and lipid metabolism by reducing the concentration of serum leptin concentrations and increased sensitivity to insulin.

Keywords: olfactory system, leptin receptors, Cinnamomum burmannii, docking simulation, immunohistochemistry

}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.3.14}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Aryo Tedjo and Fadilah Fadilah and Ade Arsianti and Rafika Indah Paramita} }