@article {2111, title = {Immunostimulating Activity of Sungkai Leaf Stigmasterol Isolate against Cluster Differentiated 8+ T (CD8+T) from Covid 19 Disease Exposure}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {738-742}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {738}, abstract = {

Objective: Covid 19 is a disease that infects cells in the airway lining the alveoli. This disease is caused by a virus named SarsCoV2. One way to handle it is to increase immunity. The body itself consists of immune system organs. One component of the immune system that is very important in protecting the body against the SARS-Cov-2 virus attack is Cluster of Differentiation 8+ T (CD8+T). CD8+T is one of the components of the adaptive immune system or often known as the specific immune system and is cytotoxic, so it is called Cluster of Differentiation8 +T. One of the plants used by the community to increase endurance is Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.). This study aims to see its activity against Cluster of Differentiation 8+ T (CD8+T). Methods: Sungkai leaf powder was extracted using 70\% ethanol solvent and evaporated using a rotary evaporator to obtain ethanol extract and fractionated with n-hexanes and isolated to obtain active isolates of sungkai leaves against the immune system. Isolates obtained from the isolation of the active fraction of n hexanes that have been tested as immunostimulants in previous studies. This study used test animals, namely male white mice of the wistar strain as many as 30 mice consisting of 5 heads for each group. Group I is a control group that is not given treatment and groups II, III, IV, V and VI are given exposure to the Sars CoV2 virus antigen that causes Covid 19 disease, namely using one of the Covid19 vaccines, namely the 0.0013 mL Moderna vaccine which is given Intra Muscular. Groups II, III, IV, V are treatment groups induced with Sars CoV2 antigen and given a test preparation, namely sungkai leaf isolate with 3 dose variations, namely 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg bw given orally, and group VI was given stimuno 50 mg/kgbw as a comparison. Results: From the results of immunostimulant testing of sungkai leaf isolate, it was found that stigmasterol has an immunostimulant effect in increasing Cluster of Differentiation 8 + T (CD8 + T) in the body given SARS-CoV-2 virus antigen. Significant results were seen in the 100 mg/kg bw dose group which increased CD8+T by 53.93 ng/dl. Based on statistical tests conducted in the form of ANOVA tests, CD8+T also showed significant differences with a significance value of \<0.05. Conclusion: Stigmasterol isolate of sungkai leaf has the effect of increasing Cluster of Differentiation 8+ T (CD8+T) levels in the body given exposure to SARS-CoV 2 virus antigens.

}, keywords = {Cluster of Differentiation 8+ T (CD8+T), Immunostimulant., SARS-CoV-2, Stigmasterol, Sungkai}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.145}, author = {Dwisari Dillasamola and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Rauza Sukma Rita and Yufri Aldi} } @article {1840, title = {Immunostimulating Study of Active Agent Fraction from Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) Leaf from SARS-COV-2 Virus Antigen Exposure to NK and CD8+T Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {344-351}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {344}, abstract = {

Introduction: Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) plant had been used as an immune system enhancer. Aim: In this study, the effect of Sungkai leaf extracts from 4 different fractions, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and residual water with 3 variations in doses of 1,10 and 100 mg/kg bw on the activity of NK and CD8+T cells in male white mice that have been exposed to SARS-Cov-2 virus antigen was investigated. Methods: The experimental animals used were 60 animals divided into 12 groups with 14 days of treatment which had previously been induced with SARS-Cov-2 virus antigen (Moderna) and given with Sungkai leaf extracts for 14 days and evaluated on day 15. The evaluation results of NK cells concentrations sequentially were 2.96; 4.66; 5.38; 5.43; 4.05; 2.89; 3.56; 4.21; 2.88; 1.99; 2.07; 4.40; 3.21; 3.40; and 6.93 ng/ml. On the other hand, the evaluation results of CD8+T cells concentrations sequentially were 27.47; 28.96; 29.19; 27.90; 21.85; 25.79; 27.98; 23.50; 23.39; 26.56; 22.62; 25.19; 23,55; 26,75; and 29,69 ng/ml. One-way ANOVA and Duncan test were used for the data analysis. Results: The results showed significant increase of concentration (p\<0.05) towards concentration of NK cells in the butanol fraction at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW and CD8+T cells in the residual water fraction at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Conclusion: It can be concluded that fraction from sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) at doses of 1,10 and 100 mg/kg bw shows immunostimulatory activity.

}, keywords = {CD8+T Cells, NK Cells, Peronema canescens Jack., SARS-CoV-2}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.105}, author = {Dwisari Dillasamola and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Rauza Sukma Rita and Dachriyanus and Yohanes Alen and Salman Umar and Yufri Aldi} } @article {1667, title = {Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanol Extract, Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Butanol Fraction of Piper crocatum Ruiz \& Pav Leaves on Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1341-1346}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1341}, abstract = {

Piper crocatum Ruiz \& Pav is a traditional Indonesian plant that is empirically used to treat various diseases. Several studies have stated that Piper crocatum leaves extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Piper crocatum leaves contain different secondary metabolites alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin-polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of Piper crocatum leaves extract and fraction on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharideinduced RAW 264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract of Piper crocatum leaves (MEPC), n-hexane fraction of Piper crocatum leaves (HFPC), ethyl acetate fraction of Piper crocatum leaves (EAFPC), and n-butanol fraction of Piper crocatum leaves (BFPC) against RAW 264 cell macrophages, 7 Lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS). Extraction of Piper crocatum leaves was the maceration method. Cell viability was determined by the MTT method in the concentration range of 12.5;25;50;100;200 ug/ mL. The anti-inflammatory effects of MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC and BFPC were tested against nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. NO levels were determined by the NO Colorimetric Assay Kit as measured by the ELISA plate reader. The viability test of MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC, and BFPC from Piper crocatum leaves showed the concentrations that gave the percentage of viability above 80\% were concentrations of 100, 50, and 25 g/mL. MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC, and BFPC at concentrations of 100, 50, 25 μg/mL could significantly inhibit NO production with p\<0.05 (p=0.000). The highest NO production inhibition effect was on EAFPC. MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC, and BFPC have antiinflammatory effects, with the highest effect on EAFPC.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory Effect, LPS, Nitric oxide, Piper crocatum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.169}, author = {Nilda Lely and Helmi Arifin and Yufri Aldi and Fatma Sri Wahyuni} } @article {1370, title = {Cytotoxicity Study of Ethanol Extract of Bintangor Leaf (Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f) on T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line (Cytotoxicity Study with MTT Assay Method)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {362-367}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {362}, abstract = {

Introduction: The public has used Bintangor leaf (Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f) for various medical treatments, including treated inflamed eyes and gout. Aim: This research aimed to determine the cytotoxic effect of ethanol extract and fraction of Calophyllum soulattri Burm. f leaf toward T47D breast cancer cell. Methods: The test used T47D breast cancer cells, the 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test method, and ELISA Reader to determine the absorbance. This method{\textquoteright}s principle was the presence of tetrazolium salts by the reductase system in the mitochondria of living cells formed purple formazan crystals. The used parameter was the value of IC50. Results: The result showed that ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and butanol fraction did not have a cytotoxic effect on T47D breast cancer cell. The values of IC50 respectively are 585.31 μg/ml; 409.33 μg/ ml; 534.08 μg/ml; and 563.22 μg/ml. Conclusion: Ethanol extract and Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f leaf fraction did not have a cytotoxic effect on T47D breast cancer cells.

}, keywords = {Bintangor Leaf, Breast Cancer Line, Calophyllum soulattri Burm.f, Cytotoxicity, MTT Assay, T47D}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.46}, author = {Elidahanum Husni and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Hanifa Nurul Fitri and Elsa Badriyya} } @article {1689, title = {The Cytotoxicity Study of Lantana camara Linn Essential Oil on HeLa Cancer Cells Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1498-1501}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1498}, abstract = {

Lantana camara Linn (Verbenaceae) is a natural plant that thrives in tropical climates and is relatively easy to cultivate. In Indonesia, this plant is still often considered as a weed. When held, the unpleasant smell and sticky hand make people dislike this plant even though the flowers are diverse. The essential oil was extracted from the leaves of L. camara by hydrodistillation. This study aimed to see how cytotoxic L. camara essential oil was against HeLa carcinoma cells. This research aimed to discover if L. camara essential oil was cytotoxic to HeLa cancer cells. The GC-MS investigation of an essential oil recognized ten compounds; two main constituents of the oil were Caryophyllene (27.65\%) and Germacrene D (23.01\%). The essential oil showed cytotoxicity on HeLa cervical cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of oil was determined using MTT, IC50 values were 44.86 μg/mL + 0.07

}, keywords = {Cervical cancer, Cytotoxicity, HeLa, Hydrodistillation, Lantana camara}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.190}, author = {Suryati and Dira Hefni and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Dachriyanus} } @article {1675, title = {Study of Sungkai (Peronema canescens, Jack) Leaf Extract Activity as an Immunostimulators With In vivo and In vitro Methods}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1397-1407}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1397}, abstract = {

Introduction: Sungkai (Peronema canescens, Jack.) contains polysaccharides, terpenoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols which have pharmacological activity as immunostimulants. Objective: This study aimed to see how the effect of Sungkai extract as an immunostimulant agent was carried out in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using two methods, namely in vivo and in vitro. In vivo research method was conducted to test the activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells, the percentage of leukocytes, and the total number of leukocytes. This study used 30 male white mice as the test animals that were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups. Each group was consisting of 6 mice which were given different treatments. The negative control group was given with the 0.5\% NaCMC suspension, the mice test substance group was given with the suspension of Sungkai ethanol extract with various doses of 800, 400, and 200 mg/kgBW, and lastly the comparison group was given with the Stimuno in a dose of 50 mg/kg orally for 7 days. On day 8, blood was taken from the mice{\textquoteright}s vein to count the number and percentage of its leukocytes, then followed by the intraperitoneal injection of a Staphylococcus aureus bacteria suspension. After 1 hour of administration of the bacterial suspension, the peritoneal fluid was taken to be observed for its activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells. The in vitro research method was used to test the viability and immunostimulatory activity of RAW 264.7 cells with the Sungkai extraction at the concentration of 1.10, 100 g/m. This cell viability test using the microtetrazolium (MTT) method aims to see whether the Sungkai sample used is safe and not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells by observing at the cell viability value that should exceed \>90\%. The concentration of Sungkai extraction at 1.10, 100 g/mL was found to be safe and non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells with a viability value of \>90\%. Thus, this concentration of Sungkai extraction can be performed for its immunostimulatory activity test on LPS induced of RAW 264.7 cells by observing their levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. (proinflammatory cytokines) were compared with the LPS alone as a control using the sandwich ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Results: The observations were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan{\textquoteright}s follow-up test (significance was taken at p\<0.05). The results showed that variations in concentration increased significantly (p\<0.05) on the activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells, along with the total leukocyte cells. The percentage of leukocytes showed that the cells had a significant increase (p\<0.05). It was found that the Sungkai extraction on 1.10, 100 g/mL could significantly increase the concentration of TNF- and IL-6 (p\<0.05) which were tested by one-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan{\textquoteright}s post hoc test. Conclusion: Sungkai leaf extract (Peronemacanescsens Jack.) in a dose of800, 400, and 200 mg/kgBW has an immunostimulant effect both in vivo and in vitro.

}, keywords = {Cell viability, immunostimulant, Jack), LPS (lipopolysaccharide), Macrophages, MTT (Microtetrazolium), Phagocytosis, RAW 264.7 cells, Sungkai (Peronema canescens, total and percentage of leukocytes}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.177}, author = {Dwisari Dillasamola and Yufri Aldi and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Rauza Sukma Rita and Dachriyanus and Salman Umar and Harrizul Rivai} } @article {730, title = {Cytotoxic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Induced Ginger Rhizome on T47D Breast Cancer Cell Lines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1133-1136}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1133}, abstract = {

Objective: A study of investigate the cytotoxicity activity of ethanolic extract of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) induced with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against T47D cells line breast cancer have been conducted. Methods: Cytotoxicity were determined using the \“microtetrazolium (MTT) Assay\”, by measuring the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase in living cells that have ability to convert pale yellow of dissolved MTT to purple formazan product. The extract used at various concentration (0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 \μg / mL. The level of cytotoxic actifity was determined by calculating the inhibitory concentration (IC50) value that was based on the precentage of cell death after 24 h treatment with the extract. The change of cell morphology were observed by using inverted microscope. Results: The statistic results proved that ethanol extract of AMF induced ginger rhizome could barriers T47D breast cancers significantly at concentrations of 10 \μg / mL and 100 ug / mL, with IC50 value was 12.5 \± 3.73 \μg / mL. centration of 0.1 \μg / mL, 1.0 \μg / mL, 10 \μg / mL and 100 mg / mL. Results of statistical analysis showed that the ethanol extract of ginger rhizome induced AMF at a concentration of 10 \μg / mL and 100 \μg / mL was able to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells T47D significantly. Conclusion: The results showed the ethanol extract of AMF induced ginger rhizome was potential as herbal medicine for cancer-related ailments with IC50 value was 12.5 \± 3.73 \μg / mL.

}, keywords = {AMF, Breast cancer, Cytotoxicity, Ginger, MTT Assay, T47D}, doi = {xx10.5530/pj.2018.6.193}, author = {Netty Suharty and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Dachriyanus} } @article {226, title = {Anti-inflammatory activity of isolated compounds from the stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {December 2016}, pages = {55-57}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {55}, abstract = {

Objective: To find the anti inflammatory active compounds from methanol extract of Garcinia cowa. Methods: To evaluate the inhibitory activity of isolated compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production, culture media was assayed using Griess reaction. An equal volume of Griess reagent (1\% sulphanilamide and 0.1\% N-(L-naphthyl)-ethylene diamine dihydrochloride, dissolved in 2.5\% H3PO4) was mixed with culture supernatant and color development was measured at 550 nm using a micro plate reader. The amount of nitrite in the culture supernatant was calculated from a standard curve (0\–100 \μM) of sodium nitrite freshly prepared in deionized water. Percentage of the NO inhibition was calculated by using nitrate level of IFN-\γ/LPS-induced group as the control. Results: Isolated compounds, tetraprenyltoluquinone, rubraxanthone and \α-mangostin from stem bark of Garcinia cowa Roxb were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity. Only \α-mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity with 83.42 \% inhibition of NO and without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50M. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO with 23.86 \% inhibition of NO while maintained 77.32 \% of cell viability. TPTQ also showed the strong inhibition of NO with 80.98 \% inhibition but unfortunately this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity with 39.62\% viability. Conclusion: \α-Mangostin exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity without inducing severe cytotoxicity at 50 M. Rubraxanthone showed weak inhibition of NO while Tetraprenyltoluquinone also showed the strong inhibition of NO however this compound also induced severe cytotoxicity.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Garcinia cowa, Nitric oxide, rubraxanthone, tetrapreniltoluquinone, α-mangostin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.1.10}, author = {Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Daud Ahmad Israf Ali and Nordin Hj. Lajis and Dachriyanus} } @article {345, title = {Apoptosis Induction of Cervical Carcinoma HeLa Cells Line by Dichloromethane Fraction of the Rinds of Garcinia cowa Roxb}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {May 2017}, pages = {475-478}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {475}, abstract = {

Objective: This study aims to determine the apoptosis induction of HeLa cervical carcinoma cells death by dichloromethane fraction of the rinds of Garcinia cowa Roxb. Methods: Apoptosis induction of HeLa cell line was observed using a double staining method. Results: The result of double staining observation showed that an apoptosis occurs which marked with yellowish green fluorescence and cell fragmentation. The average percentage of apoptotic cells was higher in the treated variables (70.38\%) compared to the control variables (12.26\% ). Statistical analysis by Independent Sample T-Test showed apoptosis Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.000 (\<0.025). Conclusion: The dichloromethane fraction of G. cowa rind induces apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis induction, Carcinoma cells, Double stanining, Garcinia cowa Roxb., HeLa cell line}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.4.76}, url = {/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.76}, author = {Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Siska Febria and Dessy Arisanty} } @article {326, title = {Sub-acute Toxicity Study of The Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Asam Kandis Rinds (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) on the Liver and Renal Function in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017 }, pages = {345-349}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {345}, abstract = {

Objective: The present study investigated the sub acute toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) Rinds in mice. Material and Methods: Sub acute toxicity study was carried out by giving orally at dose 500, 1000 dan 2000 mg / kgBW extract to five mice at 21 days. Animals were observed individually for any clinical signs of toxicity or mortality for 14 days. Measured parameters were SGPT levels, serum creatinine levels, weight ratio of liver and kidney. Extract was given orally at dose 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kgBW for 21 days. Observations were done on day 8th, 15th and 22th using blood serum, liver and kidneys of mice. Data were analyzed by using two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan\’s Multiple Range Test. Results: The ethyl acetate fraction of G. cowa at doses 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kgBW gave significant effect on increasing SGPT levels and decreasing levels of serum creatinine (p \<0.05). The length of treatment gave significant effect on decreasing levels of serum creatinine, weight ratio of liver and kidney (p \<0.05). Conclusion: The dosage of the ethyl acetate fraction of asam kandis rinds provides significant effect on the SGPT and serum creatinine levels of male white mice. The duration of administration of ethyl acetate fraction of asam kandis rinds provides significant effect on serum creatinine levels, the weight ratio of liver and kidney organ of male white mice.\ 

}, keywords = {Creatinine serum, Garcinia cowa rinds, SGPT, Sub-acute toxicity, Weight ratio of liver and kidney}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.3.58}, url = {/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.58}, author = {Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Dessy Arisanty and Nelsi Fitri Hayaty and Dian Ayu Juwita and Almahdy} } @article {82, title = {Cytotoxicity Study of Ethanol Extract of the Leaves of Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) on T47D Breast Cancer Cell line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Nov-Dec 2015}, pages = {369-371}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {369}, abstract = {

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) against T47D breast cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of ethanol extract was carried out by measuring the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase in living cells that have ability to convert dissolved MTT pale yellow to purple formazan product. The extract was added at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 \μg/mL). The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the IC50 value that was based on the percentage of the cell death after 24 hours treatment with the extract. Cell morphological changes were observed by using inverted microscope. Results: The IC50 value showed that ethanol extract of leaves of asam kandis could resist T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 6.13 \± 3.51 \μg/mL. The statistic results proved that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis could inhibit the growth of T47D breast cancer cells significantly at concentrations of 10 \μg/mL and 100 \μg/mL. Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis was potential source of herbal medicine for cancer-related ailments.

}, keywords = {Asam kandis, Beast cancer, Cytotoxicity, Garcinia cowa Roxb, MTT Assay, T47D.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.6.9}, author = {Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Dini Hara Triastuti and Helmi Arifin} }