@article {1154, title = {Characteristics of Turbinaria conoides and Padina Minor As Raw Materials For Healthy Seaweed Salt}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {624-629 }, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {624}, abstract = {

Background: Seaweed is one of the abundant biological resources in Indonesia and contains secondary metabolites. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics and antioxidant activity of brown seaweed salts that fits the standard hence it can be applied as a functional salt preparation for hypertensive patients. Objective: The study consisted of identification of raw materials, yield analysis, the levels of Na and K, heavy metals, NaCl and antioxidant activities using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and the Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity (CUPRAC) methods. Materials and Methods: The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with different types of seaweed as a parameter (Turbinaria conoides and Padina minor), temperature (400C and 550C), and time (10 and 30 minutes) with 3 replications. Results: The results demonstrated the interaction between different types of seaweed, temperature and heating time had a significant effect on the level of 5\% (P \< 0.05) on yield, the ratio of Na:K and functional salt NaCl. A functional salt FRAP antioxidant activity of T. conoides ranged from 39.12 to 55.31 μM trolox/g and CUPRAC ranged from 98.50 to 113.95 μM trolox/g, while the functional salt from P. minor has FRAP antioxidant activity ranging from 18.19 to 24.67 {\textmu}M trolox/g and CUPRAC 40.05-53.05 {\textmu}M trolox/g. Conclusion: Seaweed T. conoides and P. minor can be used as raw materials for functional salt preparations for hypertensive patients.

}, keywords = {CUPRAC, DPPH, FRAP, Functional salt, Hypertension}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.93 }, author = {Nurjanah and Asadatun Abdullah and Seftylia Diachanty} } @article {847, title = {Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibitor Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Brown Seaweed (Turbinaria conoides) as Lightening Ingredient}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {February 2019}, pages = {379-382}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {379}, abstract = {

Background: Turbinaria conoides is one of abundant brown macroalgae in Indonesian oceans contains phenolic derivatives. Phloroglucinol is a multifunctional phenolic derivative in brown algae. Phloroglucinol has been known to have activity inhibitor tyrosinase, because phloroglucinol is copper chelating agent. The antioxidant and the tyrosinase inhibitor activities are parameters of the skin lightening active ingredient. The mechanism of tyrosinase inhibitors is to decrease skin pigmentation by inhibit the catalytic steps of the enzyme to the pigmentation associated with melanin production in the pathway of melanogenesis. Antioxidant activity protects skin against oxidative stress mediated by UVR. Numerous report have determine phenolic compound of T. conoides as antioxidant but none is reported as tyrosinase inhibitor. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the activities of T. conoides as antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor. Methods: Turbinaria conoides were extracted with ethanol with different concentration (30\%, 50\% and 70\%) by maceration method. Crude ethanolic extracts of T. conoides were determined its total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and tyrosinase inhibitor. Results: E50 showed the highest total phenolic content (27.63{\textpm}1.05 mg PGE/g extract). Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitor activities of E50 showed IC50 value of 215.96 μg/mL and 188.85 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Turbinaria conoides is potential as antioxidant agent and tyrosinase inhibitor.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Lightening agent, Phloroglucinol, total phenolic content, Turbinaria conoides}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.58}, author = {Diani Mega Sari and Effionora Anwar and Nurjanah and Ayun Erwina Arifianti} }