@article {1088, title = {Thin Layer Chromatography Fingerprinting and Clustering of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. from Different Origins}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {79-87}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {79}, abstract = {

Introduction: Orthosiphon stamineus has been widely used across Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases. The quality of herbal medicine determine its safety as well as efficacy; and geographical origin is important factor contributing on the quality of herb and its products. Materials and Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method combined with chemometric, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), has been employed to evaluate the quality of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves collected from eleven origins in Indonesia. Results: The results showed that mobile phase suitable for Orthosiphon stamineus was chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate (7:4:1). The method used has met the requirements of TLC system stability and precision. TLC-fingerprints analyzed with chemometrics showed an ability to discriminate Orthosiphon stamineus from various origins. PCA score plot of the first two principal components (PC) clearly distinguished 3 clusters of samples, whereas the loading plot of the first two PC showed that compounds with the Rf values of 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and 0.9-1.0 are the most important compounds for clustering of samples. Conclusions: TLCfingerprint combined with the PCA was able to discriminate among the leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus originated from various locations. TLC-fingerprints analyzed with chemometrics can be used as an alternative of marker-oriented method to evaluate the quality of Orthosiphon stamineus.

}, keywords = {Geographical origin, Herbal medicine, Marker, Principal Component Analysis, Quality, TLC}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.13}, author = {Kartini Kartini and Ervina Rustiana Dewi and Fandi Achmad and Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani and Mochammad Arbi Hadiyat and Christina Avanti} } @article {1054, title = {Antioxidant Activity, HPTLC Fingerprint and Discriminant Analysis of Plantago major Leaves from Diverse Origins in Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1483-1489}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1483}, abstract = {

Introduction: Plantago major L. (Plantaginaceae) is a perennial herb having contribution to the folk medicine all around the world, including Indonesia with wide geographical distribution. Plant materials origin is one factor that significantly influences the quality of herbal medicines. Materials and Methods: In this paper, High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method using pattern-oriented approach has been employed to evaluate the quality of Plantago major leaves collected from seven origins in Indonesia. To differentiate the antioxidant capacities of those plant materials, the crude extracts were tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolics, and total flavonoids assay methods. Results: The results showed that radical scavenging activity, total phenolics, and total flavonoids of plant material from seven origins were significantly different. Moreover, HPTLC fingerprints analyzed with chemometrics showed an ability to discriminate the leaves samples from various origins as well as detect chemicals responsible for discrimination. Two models using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS-DA) were built in chemometrics test. The PCA model was able to describe the studied samples by using four principal components with a value of explained variance of 95\%, whereas PLS-DA model accurately classified the leaves samples with prediction ability of 100\%. In the PCA, loading plot of the first PC showed that peaks number 10 and 12 are the most important peaks for clustering of the samples. Conclusions: Plantago major collected from different origins revealed different radical scavenging activity and concentration of total phenolics as well as total flavonoids. HPTLC fingerprints coupled with chemometrics analysis can be used as an alternative to marker-oriented method for the quality control of Plantago major.

}, keywords = {Chemometrics, Flavonoids, Herbal medicines, Pattern-oriented, Phenolics, PLSDA}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.229}, author = {Kartini Kartini and Christina Avanti and Chutima Phechkrajang and Omboon Vallisuta} }