@article {1408, title = {Preliminary Phytochemical Studies, GC-MS Analysis and In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Selected Medicinal Plants and its Polyherbal Formulation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {648-659}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {648}, abstract = {

Background: Novel polyherbal formulation (PHF) is the utilization of more than one herb in the preparation of herbal medication. The thought is found in the conventional system of medicine where the variety of herbs in a specific proportion of illness. Because of synergism, polyherbalism presents a few advantages which aren{\textquoteright}t accessible in single herbal medication. It is utilized in these medications for the treatment of numerous sicknesses including antioxidants. Objective: To develop a phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of Novel Polyherbal formulation for In vitro antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Macroscopical, preliminary phytochemical, quantitative phytoconstituents, and In-vitro antioxidant activity of all the individual extract and polyherbal formulation was done by chemical method. Identification of phytoconstituents with the aid of Gas chromatography {\textendash} Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results: Macroscopical study and physicochemical examination, for example, ash value, extractive value, loss on drying, and pH were reported to A. racemosus, B. variegata, C. bonducella, S. asoka, and S. racemosus and novel polyherbal formulation. Qualitative phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, gums \& mucilage, carbohydrates, steroids, proteins \& amino acids, fats \& fixed oils, glycoside, phenols, and saponins. Quantitative estimation such as TAC, TFC, TGC, TSC, and TPC was showed positive results. All the individual extract and PHF were subjected to GC-MS analysis. All the individual extract and polyherbal formulation displayed strong antioxidant activity. Conclusions: To conclude the PHF was reported that high level of bioactive contents present and strong antioxidant activity in contrast to the preferred ascorbic acid. The GC-MS uncovered the presence of bioactive compounds and these compounds are suggested to treat antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral, anti-tumor, anti-proliferative activity, and antifungal activity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, GC-MS analysis, Macroscopical, Phytochemical, Polyherbal formulation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.83}, author = {Shalini K and Ilango K} } @article {1066, title = {Chemical Fingerprint by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS, GC-MS Analysis and Anti-Oxidant Activity of Manasamitra Vatakam: A Herbomineral Formulation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {115-123}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {115}, abstract = {

Background: Manasamitra Vatakam is a classical ayurvedic herbo mineral formulation used for the treatment of neurodegerative properties and epileptic disorders. The wide range mixture of herbal extracts and minerals were used in the formulation. Aim: The aim of the study implies in performing the chemo-profiling, chromatographic fingerprint analysis by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS for the selected formulations of Manasamitra Vatakam followed by the identification of bioactive compounds by Gas Chromatography {\textendash} Mass Spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis, to evaluate the diffusion and dilution methods for the determination of anti-bacterial activity in the methanolic extracts of Manasamitra Vatakam (MMV). Materials and Methods: The antibacterial activity was performed by both diffusion and dilution methods whereas the antioxidant activity was performed by free radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay method. Results: The estimation of bioactive constituents showed positive results by qualitative analysis. Antibacterial activity of MMV was evaluated against two-gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, two gram negative Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia by disk diffusion (0.078-10μg mL-1), broth dilution (0.078-10μg mL-1) and broth micro dilution method (0.39-50μg mL-1) respectively. The bioactive constituents were analysed by GC-MS analysis for the methanolic extract of the formulation. Conclusion: To conclude, the formulation was found abundant with phenolic and flavonoid compounds by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis, the bioactive compounds identified are responsible for the anti-bacterial activity. The broth microdilution method performed by resazurin method was observed as the fast screening, sensitive and accurate method for the quantitative determination of antibacterial activity.

}, keywords = {Classical formulation, Diffusion and dilution methods, Heavy metals, MIC, Phytochemicals}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.18}, author = {Srikalyani V and Ilango K} } @article {1190, title = {Comparative Study on Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical Investigations and Quantification of Vasicine Content in the Extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees and Adhatoda beddomei CB Clarke}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {884-896}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {884}, abstract = {

Background: Adhatoda, a perennial shrub of family Acanthaceae are well-known medicinal plant for the treatment and management of respiratory disorders such as asthma and bronchitis. Adhatoda vasica and Adhatoda beddomei are the species of Adhatoda, has been widely used in Indian system of medicine. Although, phytochemical and pharmacological investigations were reported on A. vasica, there has been comparative investigations on different Adhatoda species are lacking. Objective: The study was undertaken to compare the pharmacognostical and phytochemical parameters of two species of Adhatoda for rapid identification and authentication of the plants. Materials and Methods: Pharmacognostical features were studied by macroscopic, microscopic studies and physicochemical analysis such as determination of foreign matter, ash value, extractive value and loss on drying. Phytochemical investigations were analysed using phytochemical screening, bioactive content determination, HPTLC fingerprint analysis and estimation of vasicine content by HPLC analysis. Results: Microscopic study differentiated the pharmacognostical features between two species by demonstrating the anatomical characteristics. Powder microscopy of A. vasica revealed the presence of diacytic stomata, glandular and non-glandular trichomes whereas rod shaped crystals were seen only in A. beddomei. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical investigations revealed the presence and estimation of various phytoconstituents in both the species. HPTLC fingerprint profiling evaluated the number of constituents present in the extracts and HPLC analysis revealed high content of vasicine in A. vasica extracts when compared to A. beddomei. Conclusion: The present study provides the useful information to differentiate the plant species and can serve as a diagnostic tool for the standardization and identification of adulterant in the crude drug market.

}, keywords = {Adhatoda beddomei, Adhatoda vasica, HPTLC fingerprint, Pharmacognosy, Vasicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.126}, author = {Nandhini S and Ilango K} } @article {1186, title = {Simultaneous Quantification of Lupeol, Stigmasterol and β- Sitosterol in Extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees Leaves and its Marketed Formulations by a Validated RP-HPLC Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {850-856}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {850}, abstract = {

Background: Adhatoda vasica Nees (Acanthaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma and bronchitis. Objective: To develop a simple and precise RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous assessment of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol of various extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees. Materials and Methods: The compounds were separated on RP-Phenomenex C18 (250mm{\texttimes}4.6mm; 5μ) column with a mobile phase comprising of 0.1\%v/v formic acid in water and methanol (28:82\%v/v) splashed at a flow of 0.8mL/min with PDA detector at 208nm. Results: The retention time of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was found to be 16.89, 18.26 and 20.72 minutes respectively. The amount of lupeol was abundant in hexane extract (0.952\%w/w) and formulation III (23.72ng/g) whereas, stigmasterol (0.285\%w/w) and β-sitosterol (8.649\%w/w) was highly abundant in chloroform extract and formulation I stigmasterol (2.57ng/g) and β-sitosterol (0.98ng/g). The optimized method was validated for different parameters and all the validated constraints were within the limits as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method was linear over the concentration range of 12.5-200μg/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.997. The LOD and LOQ values of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were found to be 0.66, 5.64 and 12.8μg/mL and 2.01, 17.10 and 36.62μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: To conclude, the developed method for the simultaneous estimation of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was simple, precise, accurate and thus reliable for the quality control investigations of crude drugs and its herbal formulations.

}, keywords = {Adhatoda vasica Nees, HPLC, Lupeol, Simultaneous quantification, Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.122}, author = {Nandhini S and Ilango K} }