@article {1951, title = {Histopathological Perspectives of Multiple Organs in a Red- Footed Tortoise (Chelonoidis carbonaria) with Suspected Metabolic Bone Disease: A Case Report}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {1075-1078}, type = {Case Report}, chapter = {1075}, abstract = {

Introduction: Exotic pet lovers{\textquoteright} interest in keeping tortoises is increasing all over the world, including Indonesia. However, this trend cannot be separated from the potential emergence of various health problems in tortoises. One of the problems that often affects tortoises is metabolic bone disease. Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is a disorder related to the mechanisms of vitamin D and calcium metabolism, which generally occurs in reptiles, especially Chelonia and Lizards. Case Presentation: A 3-month-old redfooted tortoise, which was clinically suspected to have a MBD, was necropsied as an effort to support the provisional diagnosis through histopathological evaluation. The purpose of this examination was to analyze the impact of the disease on various organs microscopically in patients with suspected MBD. The results showed a decrease in the number of trabeculae and hematopoietic cells in the metatarsal bones; moderate myonecrotic changes and atrophy in the skeletal muscle; inflammation of the perineuron; acute tubular necrosis and mild edema of the renal cortex; congestion and an increase in the number of melanomacrophages in the liver; as well as epicarditis and myocarditis in the heart. Conclusion: Several forms of the histopathological changes seem to indicate a pathophysiological relationship between the suspected metabolic bone disease and the multiple organs examined.

}, keywords = {Hematoxylin-eosin, MBD, Septicemia., Tortoise}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.212}, author = {Hani Plumeriastuti and Annise Proboningrat and Djoko Legowo and Bilqisthi Ari Putra and Gracia Angelina H and Agung Budianto Achmad} } @article {1382, title = {Novel Antiviral Investigation of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract against the Dengue Virus Type-2: In vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {456-462}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {456}, abstract = {

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV- 2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo{\texttrademark} Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo{\textregistered} Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Antiviral activity, DENV-2, Vero cells}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.58}, author = {Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Amaq Fadholly and Annise Proboningrat and Yulanda Antonius and Suhailah Hayaza and Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo and Bilqis Inayatillah and Mada Triandala Sibero and Sin War Naw and Gabrielle Ann Villar Posa and Teguh Hari Sucipto and Soegen Soegijanto} }