@article {2290, title = {Pattern Recognition and Chemometrics for Qualitative Pharmacological Indication of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Leaves Commercial Products}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {527-537}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {527}, abstract = {

Background: Moringa oleifera Lam leaves are known for their nutritional, pharmacological, and related biological 3 characteristics across the Globe. Its commercial products are marketed across Pretoria, South Africa. The label claims portray 4 such products contain Moringa oleifera leaves powder, extracts, or compounds inherent in the plant, and that pharmacological 5 activities of such products are intrinsically linked to them. Methods: We investigated (n = 29) commercial products using affordable, spectrophotometric UVvis, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography finger printing and chemometrics principal component analysis. The aim of the investigation was to recognize the phytochemical patterns similarity between the plant extracts and commercial products, to ascertain which product contains quercetin-3-O-glycoside or kaempferol-3-O-glycoside marker compounds known to be present in M. oleifera leaves that should mitigate the pharmacological properties of the products. Results: The pattern of quercetin-3-O-glycoside and kaempferol-3-O-glycoside standards conform to a peak in the ethanol extract to suggest that both compounds are present in the ethanol but not in the dichloromethane extract. The HPTLC analysis also indicated the presence of the quercetin and kaempferol glycosides in the ethanol extract at Rf of 0.18 and 0.28 respectively. As for the commercial products, only n = 3 of the 29 (≈10\%) revealed patterns that were like that of the ethanol extracts. A principal component analysis with R2 = 0.97 for the DCM extract and 0.89 for the ethanol extract highlighted that commercial products P1, P7 and P24 as indicating good quality. The good quality commercial products clustered together with the quercetin-3-O-glycoside, kaempferol-3-O-glycoside, ethanol, or dichloromethane extracts while the poor-quality products were placed in a separate cluster in the PCA analysis conducted. Conclusion: This implies that only these three products will exhibit expected pharmacological and other biological activities displayed on the product labels.

}, keywords = {Commercial products, Moringa oleifera leaves, Pattern recognition, Quality indication}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.84}, author = {Kokoette Bassey} } @article {1385, title = {Phytochemical Profiling and Chemical Marker Compounds Identification in Helichrysum caespititium: A Chemometrics and 2D Gas Chromatography Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF-MS) Perspective}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {486-494}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {486}, abstract = {

Introduction: Helichrysum caespititium is a medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa. Hitherto, only 2 compounds- caespititin and 2-methyl-4-[2{\textquoteright},4{\textquoteright},6{\textquoteright}-trihydroxy-3{\textquoteright}-(2-methylpropanoyl)-phenyl] but-2-enyl acetate have been reported from this species. Phytochemical profiling of the plant and identification of chemical markers are limited. Objectives: Determining phytochemical profile of H. caespititium and identifying the major marker compounds in its extracts. Methods: A two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF-MS) was used to analyze H. caespititium extracts (acetone, methanol, and dichloromethane). The marker compounds from the generated phytochemical fingerprints were identified using Column plots and chemometrics orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Polar acetone, methanol, and non-polar dichloromethane extracts were analyzed separately. Results and Discussions: A total of 135 (12 from acetone, 13 from methanol, and 110 from dichloromethane extracts) compounds were identified in H. caespititium. An OPLSDA score plot with R2 = 0.81 grouped the polar compounds into 2 clusters as phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, while a contribution plot from the score plot then nominated benzene[(methoxymethoxy)]methyl, 4-methyl-2,4-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)penet- 1-ene, isoeugenol, and 3 4-dihydroxymandelic acid as marker compounds in the polar extracts. In a second plot with R2 = 0.67, the corresponding contribution plot accentuated 2-methyl-5- (fur-3-yl) pent-3-en-2-ol, 3,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dihexyl-1-(4- methylphenyl)-5(2-dimethyl aminothenyl)-1H-tetrazole, and 3,5-dimethyl-4-heptanone as the marker compounds in the dichloromethane extract. Conclusion: This study recommends the use of the marker compounds as quality standard of raw materials and commercial products containing extracts or other forms of the South African H. caespititium.

}, keywords = {Chemical markers, Chemometrics, GCxGC-TOF-MS, Helichrysum caespititium, Phytochemical profiling}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.61}, author = {Kokoette Bassey and Patience Mamabolo and Mmamosheledi Mothibe and Freddy Muganza} }