@article {1422, title = {Antiviral Activity of an Extract from Leaves of the Tropical Plant Cynometra cauliflora}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {752-757}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {752}, abstract = {

Background: Cynometra cauliflora is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae and has been used in folk medicinal preparation. Objectives: In this study, Cynometra cauliflora methanolic leaves extract was tested against clinical isolate herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). Materials and Methods: The leaves of C. cauliflora plant was extracted using methanol extraction method. Cytotoxicity was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Plaque reduction assays were carried out to evaluate the antiviral activity of C. cauliflora extract against HSV-1. These include post-treatment, pre-treatment and virucidal assays. Results: The value of cytotoxic concentration, CC50 of C. cauliflora extract was 36 mg/ mL. High antiviral activity was observed in post-treatment. C. cauliflora extract treatment was found to not interfere directly to infectious particle and confer mild protection when given as prophylaxis. Conclusion: This study provides important novel insights on the phytomedicinal properties of C. cauliflora extracts on HSV-1.

}, keywords = {(3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide); virucidal., Cynometra cauliflora, Herpes simplex virus type 1, plaque reduction assay}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.96}, author = {Noor Zarina Abd Wahab and Aziah Azizul and Norhidayah Badya and Nazlina Ibrahim} } @article {1669, title = {Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activities of Syzygium polyanthum Methanolic Leaves Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1355-1358}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1355}, abstract = {

Background: Since a long time ago, Syzygium polyanthum has become traditional herb for health, and thus many studies done to confirm the medical effectiveness. Objectives: This present study was conducted to evaluate phytochemical compounds and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of S. polyanthum leaves. Materials and Methods: In the present study, standard methods of determination were used to determine the phytochemical compounds of S. polyanthum. The methanol extract of S. polyanthum leaves were subjected for antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against five bacterial strains by determining minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition. Diameters of the zone of inhibition were compared with standard antibiotics. Results: Phytochemical analyses qualitatively reveal the presence of alkaloids, saponin, terpenoids and steroid. The extract was found to exert antibacterial activity against four tested bacteria which are S. aureus, S. pyogenes, MRSA and K. pneumoniae except for E. coli. The zones of inhibition shown by the disc diffusion method for S. aureus were between 8.6 to14.0 mm, S. pyogenes were between 8.4 to 12.0 mm, MRSA was between 10.0 to 13.2 mm and K. pneumoniae were between 8.0 to 10.6 mm. Meanwhile, there was no zone of inhibition was observed for E. coli. The MIC was determined ranging from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/ml against all the tested bacteria. The highest value of MIC showed by S. aureus, S. pyogenes, MRSA and K. pneumoniae which is 6.25 mg/mL. Conclusion: The tested leaves extract showed promising antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponin, terpenoids and steroid in methanolic leaves extract qualitatively and these compounds could be responsible for antibacterial properties of leaves extract of S. polyanthum.

}, keywords = {Syzygium polyanthum; Phytochemical; Antibacterial}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.171}, author = {Noor Zarina Abd Wahab and Nur Saidatul Aqilah Ja{\textquoteright}afar} } @article {1721, title = {Styrylpyrone Derivative from Goniothalamus sp.: A Powerful Drug for Fighting Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1598-1606}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1598}, abstract = {

Background: The emergence of drug resistance towards Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) has encouraged scientists to develop novel lower toxicity and highly effective anti-HSV drugs. Styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) is a bioactive compound isolated from the roots and leaves of Goniothalamus sp. It is believed that this compound possesses antiviral properties against HSV-1. Objective: This paper introduces the interaction of SPD towards HSV-1 through in silico study of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation. Materials and Methods: Molecular docking is a computational tool which is used to study the molecular interaction between two or more structures. ADME/T properties of the SPD were generated using the SwissADME online tool in which SPD was found to have a good pharmacokinetic profile. Results: Molecular docking study revealed that SPD has a high docking score of -7.9 Kcal/mol. SPD has a strong affinity with the thymidine kinase (PDB id: 1OF1) producing hydrogen bond and non-polar interaction at the target point of amino acid residue. Conclusion: Molecular docking analysis provides new insight into the structure-based design of SPD compounds with better antiviral activity against HSV-1.

}, keywords = {Antiviral, Herpes Virus type 1 (HSV-1), in silico approaches, Molecular docking and Styrylpyrone derivative.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.206}, author = {Syaza Safia Fouzi and Noor Zarina Abd Wahab and Leong Chee Yan and Nazlina Ibrahim} }