@article {1863, title = {Antioxidant Activity of DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP Methods, as well as Activity of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibiting Enzymes from Tinospora crispa (L.) Stem Ultrasonic Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {511-520}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {511}, abstract = {

Aims: The goal of this work was to get the stem extract of Tinospora crispa (L.) using ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE) with duration and amplitude changes to achieve optimal extraction conditions. The antioxidant potential of the extract as measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), CUPRAC (Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma), and its antidiabetic potential. Results: The third test of antioxidant methods showed that the measurement of antioxidant activity with, DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP gave significantly different results, but CUPRAC and FRAP gave the same response to the ethanol extract of Tinospora crispa stems, it can be concluded that the extract of Tinospora crispa stems in all treatments had strong antioxidant activity using either the CUPRAC or methods FRAP. In addition, it is very active as an antidiabetic by inhibiting alpha glucosidase. The optimum extract selected was extract B (extraction time was 35 minutes and amplitude 65\%) with IC50 values for antioxidant activity in the CUPRAC method of 72.53 {\textpm} 0.18 mg/L and the FRAP method of 152.29 {\textpm} 2.16 mg/L, while the inhibition of alpha glucosidase was 0.30 {\textpm} 0.006 mg/L.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Tinospora crispa (L.), Ultrasound-assisted extraction.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.128}, author = {Candra Irawan and Imalia Dwi Putri and Maman Sukiman and Andita Utami and Ismail and Ratna Komala Putri and Anisa Lisandi and Andrean Nur Pratama} } @article {1837, title = {Antioxidant Capacity and Potential as an Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor in Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruit Peel Ultrasonic Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {305-312}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {305}, abstract = {

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl is native to the tropical region of Papua Island, Indonesia, and has traditionally been used as a herbal drink, either alone or in combination with other medicinal plants, to treat diseases such as cancer, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to obtain the fruit peel extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with variations in time and amplitude to produce optimal extraction conditions. The potential of the extract as an antioxidant using the cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, and its potential as an antidiabetic through alpha glucosidase inhibition. The optimum extract selected was extract C (extraction time was 45 minutes and amplitude 60\%) with IC50 values for antioxidant activity in the CUPRAC method of 39.63 {\textpm} 0.009 mg/L and the FRAP method of 77.37 {\textpm} 0.8 mg/L, while the inhibition of alpha glucosidase was 0.45 {\textpm} 0.007 mg/L. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit peel has the potential as a source of antioxidants and anti-diabetic.

}, keywords = {Alpha-glucosidase, Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.100}, author = {Candra Irawan and Maman Sukiman and Ismail and Imalia Dwi Putri and Andita Utami and Andrean Nur Pratama and M. Ilham Kumala Zalni} } @article {1780, title = {Optimization of the Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Fruit Peel and its Antioxidant and Anti-Gout Potential}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {397-405}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {397}, abstract = {

Aims: This study aimed to obtain the skin extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with variations in time and amplitude to produce optimal extraction conditions. The extract{\textquoteright}s potential as an antioxidant with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical inhibition parameters, and its potential as an anti-gout. Results: The yield of crude ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl rind obtained from the UAE process ranged from 18 to 21\%. The phytochemical test results of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit peel extract contain phenolic compounds, tannins, saponins, and alkaloids. Extract B was treated for 35 minutes and had an amplitude of 65\% with an antioxidant activity IC50 of 52.01 {\textpm} 0.06 mg/L and a reduction of uric acid level of 90.49 {\textpm} 0.08. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the fruit peel of Phaleria macrocarpa from the UAE has the potential as a source of antioxidants and anti-gout.

}, keywords = {Anti-gout, Antioxidant, Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., Ultrasound-assisted extraction}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.51}, author = {Candra Irawan and Maman Sukiman and Ismail and Imalia Dwi Putri and Andita Utami and Avisani Dewanta and Aulia Noviyanti} } @article {1784, title = {Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Andrographis paniculata Nees Leaves, Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Content and Anti-Gout Potential Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {432-438}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {432}, abstract = {

Gout is a type of arthritis that causes painful inflammation in one or more joints. In gout, an increase in uric acid in the blood triggers the formation of crystals, causing joint pain. Indonesia is a country rich in the biodiversity of medicinal plant species. Therefore, its flora offers promising therapy for gout, one of which is Andrographis paniculata Nees. This study aims to obtain the leaf extract of A. paniculata through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with variations in time and amplitude to produce optimal extraction conditions. Then the extract obtained was subjected to phytochemical screening, a total phenolic content test and uric acid test. The results of phytochemical screening of A. paniculata leaf extract using UAE contained saponins, phenols, tannins and alkaloids. The high total phenolic content has an effect on the high potential for reducing uric acid levels. Sample B with a time variation of 35 minutes and an amplitude of 65\% showed the highest total phenolic content and potential for reducing uric acid levels compared to the other samples, which were 1104.53 {\textpm} 0.5 mg GAE/g extract and 72.81{\textpm}0.2 \%, respectively. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the UAE extract from the leaves of A. paniculata has good potential as an anti-gout agent.

}, keywords = {Andrographis paniculata Nees, Anti-gout, Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, Ultrasound-assisted extraction}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.55}, author = {Ismail and Candra Irawan and Maman Sukiman and Imalia Dwi Putri and Andita Utami and M. Ilham Kumala Zalni and Ratna Komala Putri} } @article {1768, title = {Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Tinospora crispa Stem, Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Content and Anti Gout Potential Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {308-314}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {308}, abstract = {

Aims: This study aimed to obtain the stem extract of Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f \& Thomson through the application of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with variations in time and amplitude to produce optimal extraction conditions. The extract{\textquoteright}s potential as an anti-gout. Results: The yield of crude ethanol extract of Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f \& Thomson obtained from the UAE process ranged from 4.49\% to 10.60\%. The phytochemical test results of Tinospora crispa stem extract contain saponins, tannins and alkaloids. Extract C was treated for 45 minutes and had an amplitude of 60\% with a total phenolic content of 981.37 {\textpm} 0.7 mg/L and a reduction of uric acid level of 53.22 {\textpm} 0.1\%. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the Tinospora crispa stem from the UAE has the potential as a source of anti-gout.

}, keywords = {Anti-gout potential activity, Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f \& Thomson Stem, total phenolic content, Ultrasound-assisted extraction}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.39}, author = {Maman Sukiman and Candra Irawan and Ismail and Imalia Dwi Putri and Andita Utami and Avisani Dewanta and Wira Aditia Septian} } @article {1666, title = {Potential of Ethanolic Extract from Ripe Musa balbisiana Colla Fruit Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction as An Antioxidant and Anti-Gout}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1332-1340}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1332}, abstract = {

Plant extracts or their secondary metabolites have functioned as antioxidants in phytotherapy drugs which function as protection against various diseases related to oxidative stress and free radicals. Free radicals play an important role in the initiation and development of various diseases, one of which is uric acid. Hhis study aims to obtain ethanolic extract from the ripe fruit of Musa balbisiana Colla using the UAE method and obtain information about secondary metabolites and their bioactivity as antioxidants and anti-gout. The results showed that antioxidant activity test using the DPPH and FRAP methods gave IC50 values of 150.24 {\textpm} 0.0348 mg/L and 227.80 {\textpm} 0.0986 mg / L, respectively. The total phenolic content value of 625.64 {\textpm} 0.36 mg GAE/g ethanolic extract is thought to have a role in high antioxidant activity. In addition, ethanol extract with a concentration of 50 mg / L has activity in reducing uric acid levels by around 9\%. It can be concluded that the ethanolic extract produced by UAE has potential as a source of anti-oxidants and anti-gout.

}, keywords = {Anti-gout, Antioxidant, Musa balbisiana Colla, Phenolic content, UAE}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.168}, author = {Candra Irawan and Andita Utami and Erna Styani and Imalia Dwi Putri and Ratna Komala Putri and Avisani Dewanta and Annisa Ramadhanti} }