@article {2114, title = {Activity of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) Extracts in Capsule Dosage Form to IgM and IgG Levels in Humans}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {756-760}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {756}, abstract = {

Objective: Traditionally, Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam.) has been used to enhance the immune system. Previous studies confirmed that Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam. enhanced antibody titers and was practically non-toxic by animal tests. This study aimed to determine the effect of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract on IgM and IgG levels in humans. Methods: The participants involved 20 healthy volunteers aged 20-25 years were divided into two groups with a placebo as a comparison. The capsules containing Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam extract were in the treatment group at a dose of 67 mg and the placebo group was given capsules containing lactose orally for three days. IgM and IgG levels were measured before and after consuming the capsules. The ELISA method tested IgM and IgG levels and detected them using specific antibodies that form complexes with enzymes and substrates. Results: The results showed the average baseline IgM level of 1.480 mg/mL and after consumption of 1.405 mg/mL for placebo. For Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam. extract capsules, the baseline was 1.492 mg/mL and 1.854 mg/mL after consumption. For IgG, before given 8.941 mg/mL and after given 8.710 mg/mL for placebo, while before given Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam. extract capsules 8.946 mg/mL and after given Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam. extract capsules was 10.234 mg/mL. Statistical results showed a significant increase in IgM and IgG levels after consuming Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam. extract capsules for three days (p\<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that 67 mg of Hydrocotyle sibthorpiodes Lam. extract capsules can increase IgM and IgG levels in humans.

}, keywords = {ELISA, Extract, Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam, IgG, IgM, Volunteers.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.148}, author = {Afriwardi Afriwardi and Adinny Julmiza and Salman Umar and Yufri Aldi} } @article {2012, title = {Complete Blood Profile after administration of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract in capsule form}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {375-383}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {375}, abstract = {

Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) has been studied as an immunostimulant, increasing macrophage cell activity and phagocytosis capacity. Based on that circumstance, the study aims to prove the immunostimulating effect by measuring the activity of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract in the capsule for the complete blood profile of healthy volunteers. The number of volunteers used was twenty people, and the volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group was given a placebo capsule without Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract. The second group was given a capsule with Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract with a dose of 67 mg, which was taken once a day for three days. Blood sampling was obtained before and after taking the capsule preparation. Observation of the complete blood profile was conducted by investigating changes in blood parameters such as haemoglobin levels, number of erythrocytes, number of leukocytes, hematocrit values, number of thrombocytes and the percentage of leukocyte types (banded neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). The second group given Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract showed a significant effect on the increase in haemoglobin levels, number of thrombocytes and hematocrit values (p\<0.05). The percentage of leukocyte type values showed that lymphocytes increased significantly (p\<0.05). In contrast, the segmented neutrophil increased but did not show a significant difference with the percentage of banded neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes (p\>0.05). There was a nonsignificant result in all parameters for the first group, which was administrated with a placebo capsule without Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract.

}, keywords = {Banded neutrophil, Basophils, Eosinophils, erythrocytes, Haematology, Haemoglobin, Hematocrit, Hydrocotile sibthorpioides Lam., Immunostimulants, Leukocytes, Lymphocyte, Monocytes, Segmented neutrophil, Thrombocytes.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.58}, author = {Afriwardi and Adrul Fauzan and Salman Umar and Yufri Aldi} } @article {1760, title = {The Activities of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) on TNF-α, Macrophages and Leukocytes Male White Mice Exposed by H5N1 Virus Antigens}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {253-261}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {253}, abstract = {

Introduction: Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) has been known to have immunostimulatory activity, it can increase the activity and capacity of mice macrophage phagocytosis at optimum dose of 200 mg/kgbw. Aim: This study aims to determine the activity of the ethanol extract of pegagan embun on TNF-α levels, total macrophages, total leukocytes, and percentage of leukocytes types. Methods: Mice were divided into four groups, one group as control was given 0.5\% Na CMC suspension, three groups were given pegagan embun extract at a dose of 10 mg/kgbw, 50 mg/kgbw and 200 mg/kgbw orally for 7 days. On the 8th day, all mice were induced with 0.3 mL H5N1 vaccine subcutaneously, then left for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the mice were sacrificed and then TNF-α levels, total macrophages, total leukocytes, and percentage of leukocytes types were determined. The research data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (significance was taken at p\<0.05) and continued with the Duncan test. Results: The results showed that pegagan embun extract significantly reduce TNF-α levels and total macrophages, also significantly increase total leukocytes and percentage of leukocyte types in mice (p\<0.05). Significant increases and decreases occurred on average at doses of 50 mg/kgbw and 200 mg/kgbw. Conclusion: Based on these results, it can be concluded that pegagan embun extract have immunomodulatory activity.

}, keywords = {Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., Immunomodulators, Leukocytes, Leukocytes types, Macrophages, TNF-α}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.31}, author = {Salman Umar and Nengsyih Putri Erman and Armenia and Elsa Badriyya and Yufri Aldi} } @article {1840, title = {Immunostimulating Study of Active Agent Fraction from Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) Leaf from SARS-COV-2 Virus Antigen Exposure to NK and CD8+T Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {344-351}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {344}, abstract = {

Introduction: Sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) plant had been used as an immune system enhancer. Aim: In this study, the effect of Sungkai leaf extracts from 4 different fractions, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and residual water with 3 variations in doses of 1,10 and 100 mg/kg bw on the activity of NK and CD8+T cells in male white mice that have been exposed to SARS-Cov-2 virus antigen was investigated. Methods: The experimental animals used were 60 animals divided into 12 groups with 14 days of treatment which had previously been induced with SARS-Cov-2 virus antigen (Moderna) and given with Sungkai leaf extracts for 14 days and evaluated on day 15. The evaluation results of NK cells concentrations sequentially were 2.96; 4.66; 5.38; 5.43; 4.05; 2.89; 3.56; 4.21; 2.88; 1.99; 2.07; 4.40; 3.21; 3.40; and 6.93 ng/ml. On the other hand, the evaluation results of CD8+T cells concentrations sequentially were 27.47; 28.96; 29.19; 27.90; 21.85; 25.79; 27.98; 23.50; 23.39; 26.56; 22.62; 25.19; 23,55; 26,75; and 29,69 ng/ml. One-way ANOVA and Duncan test were used for the data analysis. Results: The results showed significant increase of concentration (p\<0.05) towards concentration of NK cells in the butanol fraction at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW and CD8+T cells in the residual water fraction at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Conclusion: It can be concluded that fraction from sungkai (Peronema canescens Jack.) at doses of 1,10 and 100 mg/kg bw shows immunostimulatory activity.

}, keywords = {CD8+T Cells, NK Cells, Peronema canescens Jack., SARS-CoV-2}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.105}, author = {Dwisari Dillasamola and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Rauza Sukma Rita and Dachriyanus and Yohanes Alen and Salman Umar and Yufri Aldi} } @article {1675, title = {Study of Sungkai (Peronema canescens, Jack) Leaf Extract Activity as an Immunostimulators With In vivo and In vitro Methods}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1397-1407}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1397}, abstract = {

Introduction: Sungkai (Peronema canescens, Jack.) contains polysaccharides, terpenoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols which have pharmacological activity as immunostimulants. Objective: This study aimed to see how the effect of Sungkai extract as an immunostimulant agent was carried out in vitro and in vivo. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using two methods, namely in vivo and in vitro. In vivo research method was conducted to test the activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells, the percentage of leukocytes, and the total number of leukocytes. This study used 30 male white mice as the test animals that were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups. Each group was consisting of 6 mice which were given different treatments. The negative control group was given with the 0.5\% NaCMC suspension, the mice test substance group was given with the suspension of Sungkai ethanol extract with various doses of 800, 400, and 200 mg/kgBW, and lastly the comparison group was given with the Stimuno in a dose of 50 mg/kg orally for 7 days. On day 8, blood was taken from the mice{\textquoteright}s vein to count the number and percentage of its leukocytes, then followed by the intraperitoneal injection of a Staphylococcus aureus bacteria suspension. After 1 hour of administration of the bacterial suspension, the peritoneal fluid was taken to be observed for its activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells. The in vitro research method was used to test the viability and immunostimulatory activity of RAW 264.7 cells with the Sungkai extraction at the concentration of 1.10, 100 g/m. This cell viability test using the microtetrazolium (MTT) method aims to see whether the Sungkai sample used is safe and not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells by observing at the cell viability value that should exceed \>90\%. The concentration of Sungkai extraction at 1.10, 100 g/mL was found to be safe and non-toxic to RAW 264.7 cells with a viability value of \>90\%. Thus, this concentration of Sungkai extraction can be performed for its immunostimulatory activity test on LPS induced of RAW 264.7 cells by observing their levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. (proinflammatory cytokines) were compared with the LPS alone as a control using the sandwich ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. Results: The observations were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Duncan{\textquoteright}s follow-up test (significance was taken at p\<0.05). The results showed that variations in concentration increased significantly (p\<0.05) on the activity and phagocytic capacity of macrophage cells, along with the total leukocyte cells. The percentage of leukocytes showed that the cells had a significant increase (p\<0.05). It was found that the Sungkai extraction on 1.10, 100 g/mL could significantly increase the concentration of TNF- and IL-6 (p\<0.05) which were tested by one-way ANOVA and followed by Duncan{\textquoteright}s post hoc test. Conclusion: Sungkai leaf extract (Peronemacanescsens Jack.) in a dose of800, 400, and 200 mg/kgBW has an immunostimulant effect both in vivo and in vitro.

}, keywords = {Cell viability, immunostimulant, Jack), LPS (lipopolysaccharide), Macrophages, MTT (Microtetrazolium), Phagocytosis, RAW 264.7 cells, Sungkai (Peronema canescens, total and percentage of leukocytes}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.177}, author = {Dwisari Dillasamola and Yufri Aldi and Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Rauza Sukma Rita and Dachriyanus and Salman Umar and Harrizul Rivai} }