@article {1738, title = {Isolation of White Rot Fungi from Rotten Wood from Bogor Botanical Garden in Indonesia and its Ligninolytic Enzymes Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {February 2022}, pages = {68-75}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {68}, abstract = {

Background: White rot fungus is one of the microorganisms that can naturally decompose lignocellulosic biomass. Indonesia{\textquoteright}s nature with its tropical forests has enormous potential for the development of white rot fungi that can be used as biological resources, one of which is in the bio delignification process. This paper aims to study the isolation and qualitative and quantitative screening of ligninolytic enzymes from white rot fungi found on rotten wood. Methods: In this study, white rot fungus was isolated from rotten wood from Bogor Botanical Gardens area, Indonesia. The isolated fungus were screened qualitatively by the Bavendamm test and decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R test. Furthermore, the activity of laccase enzymes, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase were measured by UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Laccase enzyme as an enzyme that has the highest activity is produced in liquid media containing rice husks and purified and its activity is measured. Result: The results showed that of the 5 isolates that were positive for Bavendamm test and decolorization of RBBR test, they were KRB1, KRB8, KRB9, KRB10 and KRB12. The highest laccase activity was produced by isolates KRB 12 at 8244.72 U/ml. Laccase was purified by precipitation of ammonium sulfate at a saturation level of 0-80\%. Laccase was precipitated optimally in ammonium sulfate saturation 0-20\%. The overall yield of the purification was 44.92\%, with a purification fold of 1.72 and a specific activity of 5579.95 U/mg protein. Conclusion: The result for isolate KRB12 laccase as compared of the reported laccases suggests isolate KRB12 is a potential isolate for the production of laccase enzymes.

Key words: White rot fungi, Isolation, Bavendamm test, Decolorization of RBRR, Laccase, Manganese peroxidase, Lignin peroxidase.

}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.10}, author = {T Sumiati and H Suryadi and Harmita and Sutriyo} } @article {1709, title = {Comparison of the Deep Euteutic Solvent (DES) Solvent for Extracting Lignin from the Lignocellulosic Material of Pineapple Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1702-1709}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1702}, abstract = {

Background: Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the materials that has the potential to produce cellulose. Lignocellulose material consists of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose so that the three materials must be separated first to get pure cellulose. The main problem faced in the process of separating cellulose is the difficulty of separating lignin. One of the processes in separating lignin is by pretreatment of lignocellulosic material. Methods: In this study, Deep Euteutic Solvent (DES) choline (ChCl) as a hydrogen bond acceptor was synthesized and eight hydrogen bond donors (HBD) were mixed. Eight types of DESs, i.e. , choline chloride-acetic acid (ChCl-AA), ChCl: formic acid (ChCl-FA). ), choline chloride: Lactic acid (ChCl-LA), choline chloride:Citric acid (ChCl-SA), choline chloride: Glycerol (ChCl-G), choline chloride: Ethylenglycol (ChCl-EG), choline chloride: Sorbitol (ChCl-S), and choline chloride: Urea (ChCl -U) with a ratio of 1: 2 were investigated. Each. DES solvent was applied as a pretreatment for the lignocellulosic material of pineapple leaves. The results of the pretreatment formed were characterized by the Infra Red spectroscopic method to determine the typical functional groups. Result: The results showed that the pretreatment process using DES solvent resulted in a decrease in lignin levels in pineapple leaf powder, the highest in DES with linear saturated acid-based HBD, formic acid at 32.05\%, glycerol at 30.18\% and then in alpha hydroxy-based HBD, acetic acid at 29.90\%. Meanwhile, the FT-IR results show that ChCl-FA has a high delignification ability during pretreatment. Pineapple leaves that have been pretreted with DES solvent can be a potential raw material for the next conversion process. This study presents DES as an effective and easy pretreatment method for lignin extraction.

}, keywords = {Deep eutectic solvent, Lignocellulose., Pineapple leaves, Pretreatment}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.219}, author = {Triyani Sumiati and Herman Suryadi and Harmita and Sutriyo} }