@article {2014, title = {Effect of Thiamine on Serum Glutamate in Ischemic Stroke Animal Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {390-392}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {390}, abstract = {

Background: Thiamin or vitamin b1 is a therapy that has been widely used in neurology cases such as alcohol-induced encephalopathy and neuropathy. Thiamin has the ability to penetrate the blood brain barrier so that it is expected to be used as an additional therapy in stroke cases. Stroke is currently an emergency neurology case that causes high mortality and disability. Among the causes is because damage to large areas of the brain will cause the release of neurotransmitters such as glutamate which has excitotoxicity effects to the brain when excessive. Method: This study used animal models of carotid artery occlusion stroke. Divided into 4 groups: control, thiamin dose of 100mg/kg, Thiamin 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg. Serum glutamate was collected on day 7 post-action. Then evaluated by ELISA method. Results: There was a significant difference in the form of a decrease in the average serum glutamate level between the control and the sample that received a dose of thiamine 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg. Conclusion: High-dose thiamine may be considered as an additional therapy in cases of carotid artery occlusion model stroke.

}, keywords = {Animal model, Glutamate, Ischemic, Stroke., Thiamine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.60}, author = {Mohammad Saiful Ardhi and Muhammad Hamdan and Achmad Chusnu Romdhoni} } @article {2037, title = {Nonmotoric Symptoms Scale (NMSS) Validity and Reliability Test in Patients with Parkinson{\textquoteright}s Disease in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia: A Questioner Validation Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {316-320}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {316}, abstract = {

Background: Nonmotor symptoms are common but less reported in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease. it{\textquoteright}s the cause of decreased quality of life and disability in many patients with Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease compared to the motor symptom. Our study aimed to translate the original English-language version of the nonmotor symptom scale (NMSS) into the Indonesian version of the NMSS. And also to evaluate its validity and reliability for use in Indonesian-speaking Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease patients. This for better and valid usage of NMSS scale in the Indonesian patient and health care provider Material and Method: This was descriptive-analytic study. Cross-cultural adaptation of NMSS and psychometric analysis of the Indonesian version of NMSS was carried out from 2 Teaching Hospital centers in Surabaya, East Java. Several other scales were also examined, including MMSE, ESS, BDI, and Scopa-Aut. A reliability test was performed using Alpha Cronbach. Results: A total of 35 patients were included in this study. the average age was 64.03{\textpm}12.92 with the female sex 42.9\% (n=15) and the male 57.1\% (n=20), and Hoehn and Yahr stage II 57.1\% (n=20). The total average NMSS is 11.64. The validity of contents and constructs of the NMSS on each domain has been proven valid. Internal reliability of internal consistency in these tools with an alpha Cronbach value of 0.836. Each domain correlates with several other scores including MMSE, BDI, ESS, and Scopa-aut. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of NMSS has good validity and reliability in assessing nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease patients in Indonesia.

}, keywords = {Nonmotoric Symptoms Scale, Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease, Validation, Validity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.81}, author = {Muhammad Hamdan and Priya Nugraha and Pramitha Nayana Librata and Cindy Cecilia} } @article {1779, title = {Mechanism of the Bioactive Sargassum cristaefolium in Inhibiting Inflammatory Mediators in a Nitroglycerin-Induced Migraine Model in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {388-396}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {388}, abstract = {

Background: Migraine headaches are a form of sterile neurogenic inflammation. The sterile inflammatory process of the trigeminal nerve releases the vasoactive neuropeptide CGRP which stimulates the release of inflammatory mediators. In the incidence of migraine there is an increase in TNF-α and IL-10. Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids, and tannins, which has analgesic and anti-inflammatory function. Method: Sargassum cristaefolium was extracted using maceration method with 70\% ethanol as solvent. Animal models were divided into 5 groups and given NTG induction 5 times with 1 day intervals, treated for 3 weeks. All data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0. Results: Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - CGRP levels β: -0.26, p: 0.17; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - CGRP expression β: -0.04, p: 0.85; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - TNF-α levels β: -0.63, p: 0.01; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - TNF-α expression β: -0.40, p: 0.04; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - IL-10 levels β: 0.77, p: 0.00; Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract - IL-10 expression β: 0.45, p: 0.01. Conclusions: A significant path between the administration of Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract and a decrease in TNF-α and an increase in IL-10. But the effect of giving Sargassum cristaefolium ethanol extract on CGRP levels did not have a significant relationship.

}, keywords = {Inflammatory mediator, Migraine, Nitroglycerin, Sargassum cristaefolium}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.50}, author = {Olivia Mahardani Adam and Jusak Nugraha and Muhammad Hamdan and Agus Turchan} }