@article {1933, title = {Correlation Between the Suitability of Empirical and Definitive Therapies According to Culture Results with the Clinical Outcomes of Patients with Bacteremia Due to Carbapenem- Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) at Dr. Soetomo Tertiary Referral Hosp}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {942-947}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {942}, abstract = {

Carbapenem administration is an important therapy for nosocomial infections due to MDRO, especially Acinetobacter baumannii. The global increase in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) that causes this pathogen has significantly threatened public health due to the lack of adequate treatment options due to the very few currently available antimicrobial agents that actively fight CRAB. Antimicrobial resistance is a major negative impact of inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing. Ineffective empiric treatment (initial antibiotic regimen not sensitive to identified pathogens based on in vitro sensitivity test results) is associated with a higher rate of deaths compared to effective empiric treatment. In this study, we analyzed the correlation between the suitability of empiric and definitive antibiotics and the clinical outcomes of patients with bacteremia due to CRAB treated in the inpatient ward of Dr. Soetomo Tertiary Referral Hospital, Surabaya. There were 227 isolates of bacteremia due to CRAB, consisting of 156 carbapenem-resistant A. baumanni and 71 carbapenem-sensitive A. baumannii. There were 88 isolates that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and all of them were resistant to ceftriaxone, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin. A total of 29.5\% of the isolates were sensitive to cotrimoxazole, 3.4\% of the isolates were sensitive to tigecycline, and 2.3\% of the isolates were sensitive to amikacin, levofloxacin, and cefoperazone sulbactam. Adequate empirical antibiotics and definitive antibiotics (sensitive based on culture sensitivity test) amounted to 12.5\% and 27.3\%, respectively. There is no significant correlation between the suitability of empiric and definitive therapies with the patients{\textquoteright} clinical outcomes (death and length of stay).

}, keywords = {Acinetobacter baumannii, Bacteremia, Carbapenem-resistant, Clinical outcomes., Definitive antibiotics, Empirical antibiotics}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.194}, author = {Nafdzu Makhmudatul Muna and Ni Made Mertaniasih and Pepy Dwi Endraswari} } @article {1887, title = {Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Ceftaroline In vitro Activity Against Methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {671-674}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {671}, abstract = {

MRSA-infected patients incur twice as many costs as MSSA-infected patients. Vancomycin, Linezolid, and, most recently, Ceftaroline are among Indonesia{\textquoteright}s several MRSA treatment options. Therefore, we sought to assess the efficacy of these three medications. The investigation was done at the Dr. Soetomo General Academy Hospital{\textquoteright}s Clinical Microbiology Laboratory in Surabaya. The bacterium ATCC 25923, ATCC 43300, MSSA clinical isolate, and MRSA clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus were studied. Vancomycin, Linezolid, and ceftaroline were administered at respective dosages of 1 MIC, 2 MIC, and 4 MIC. In addition, a time-kill test was performed, which consisted of counting the growth of colonies on solid media, generating a time-kill curve, and determining MBC. The number of colonies in the antibiotic groups at 4, 6, and 8 hours varied significantly, according to the study (Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Ceftaroline). In contrast, the number of bacteria did not differ significantly between Vancomycin and Linezolid until the fourth hour. Except at 6 and 24 hours, neither Vancomycin nor Ceftaroline significantly altered the number of bacteria. There was a significant difference in the number of colonies between Ceftaroline and Linezolid at 4, 6, and 8 hours. Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Ceftaroline against MSSA and MRSA isolates vary greatly.

}, keywords = {MRSA, MSSA, Time-kill curve}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.152}, author = {Eny Purwoningsih and Pepy Dwi Endraswari and Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo} }