@article {2203, title = {Androgenic Efficacy and Mechanism of Glycosides-Based Standardized Fenugreek Seeds Extract Through Aromatase And 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibition}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February}, pages = {09-19}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {09}, abstract = {

Introduction: Fenugreek seeds glycosides content have many health benefits. Objective: To evaluate the androgenic efficacy and probable mechanism of glycosides-based standardized fenugreek seed extract (SFSE-G) in laboratory rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were administrated with 28-days of once-daily oral administration of SFSE-G (10 or 35 mg/kg) on sexual and orientational behavior with female rats, serum testosterone concentrations, weights of reproductive system-related organs (seminal vesicles, prostate, levator ani), nitric oxide level in penis homogenate, sperm count in the cauda epididymis, and testis histology were evaluated. Separate groups of rats with a positive control (testosterone propionate (10 mg/ kg, s.c. bi-weekly) and vehicle control (distilled water) were maintained. In addition, the safety of acute intravenous administration of SFSE-G (1 mg/kg) on cardiovascular function parameters was evaluated. Moreover, the inhibitory potential of SFSE-G against aromatase and 5-alpha-reductase enzymes was evaluated in vitro. Results: Subacute administration of SFSE-G (35 mg/kg, oral) to male rats showed androgenic efficacy in sexual behavior (increased mounting and intromission latency and rearing), with increased weights of seminal vehicles, prostate and levator ani muscles, serum testosterone levels, sperm count, and penile NO concentration, while preserving the normal architecture of the testes. Acute intravenous administration of SFSE-G to rats increased intracavernous pressure but retained normal cardiovascular parameters, such as blood pressure, heart rate, and corrected QT interval (QTc). SFSE-G showed significant inhibition of aromatase and 5-alpha-reductase in vitro. Conclusion: SFFE-G exhibited significant androgenic and spermatogenic efficacy, mediated through testosterone metabolism inhibition, without affecting the cardiovascular system in laboratory rats.

}, keywords = {Androgenic, Fenugreek extract, Glycosides, Sexual Behavior, Spermatogenic, Testosterone}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.2}, author = {Urmila M Aswar and Savita R. Nimse and Prasad A. Thakurdesai} } @article {1966, title = {Characterization, Preclinical Efficacy and Toxicity Evaluations of Flavonoids Glycosides based Standardized Fenugreek Seed Extract (FEFLG)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {90-105}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {90}, abstract = {

Introduction: Fenugreek seeds, a natural food chain raw material, is known to have many flavonoid glycosides. Objective: Characterization, preclinical efficacy, and safety evaluation of flavonoid glycosidebased standardized fenugreek seed extract (FEFLG). Methods: FEFLG was characterized for a group of flavonoid glycoside marker compounds by HPLC. The CD38+ enzyme inhibition efficacy was assessed in vitro. In addition, acute oral toxicity (AOT) and subchronic, 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity (in vivo), mutagenicity (AMES test, in vitro) and chromosome aberration test (in vitro) of FEFLG were evaluated. Results: The FEFLG was found to have 49.85\% of total flavonoid glycosides content in FEFLG (25.15\% of Group 1: vitexin, isovitexin and vitexin 2-o- rhamnoside and 24.70\% of Group 2 (vicenin derivatives, schaftoside, iso-schaftoside, orientin and iso-orientin). FEFLG showed CD38+ enzyme inhibition in vitro (IC50= 0.96 μg/ml) equivalent to the positive control, apigenin. FEFLG did not show any toxicity at an acute oral dose of more than 2000 mg/kg (median lethal dose, LD50) with a limit dose of 5000 mg/kg. The 90-day repeated-dose oral administration of FEFLG did not induce significant toxicological changes till the maximum dose of 1000 mg/kg in male and female rats, indicating no observed adverse effect level, NOAEL >= 1000 mg/kg. FEFLG did not show mutagenicity (up to a concentration of 5000 μg/plate) or structural chromosomal aberrations (up to 5000 μg /ml). Conclusion: The CD38+ enzyme inhibitor efficacy in vitro, oral safety in vivo and absence of mutagenicity or genotoxicity of FEFLG indicated its potential for anti-aging applications.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, CD38+ enzyme inhibition, Chromosomal aberration., Fenugreek seeds, Flavonoid glycosides, Mutagenicity, Subchronic Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.13}, author = {Prasad A. Thakurdesai and Pallavi O. Deshpande and Mukul P. Pore} }