@article {2481, title = {Analysis of the Influence of Leadership Style on Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance at RSUD H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Bulukumba District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {236-243}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {236}, abstract = {

The success and failure of a hospital is influenced by a leader, Effective leadership impacts the progress of the hospital so that leadership style becomes one of the determining factors in the success of hospital performance. Leadership style is a norm of behavior used by a person when that person tries to influence the behavior of other people or subordinates. This research aims to determine the influence of leadership style on organizational culture and organizational performance at RSUD H.Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja, Bulukumba Regency, the type of research used is quantitative research. The sample in this study was 178 staff and health workers at H.Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Regional Hospital Bulukumba Regency using a sampling technique.Accidental Sampling. The analysis method used is Path Analysis with SmartPLS software version 3.0. Based on the results of this research, it shows that there is a direct influence of leadership style on organizational culture p value (0,000) with a t.statistic value (15.172), there is a direct influence of organizational culture on organizational performance with p value (0,000) with a t.statistic value (7.815), there is a direct influence of leadership style on organizational performance with p value (0,038) with a t.statistic value (2.077), and there is an influence of leadership style on organizational performance through organizational culture with p value (0,000) with a t.statistic value (6.339). Therefore, there is a need for good appreciation and direction to overcome difficulties in carrying out duties and responsibilities for employees, as well as consideration for paying more attention to employee needs which are implemented in organizational culture to improve better performance.

}, keywords = {Employee needs, Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, Organizational Performance}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.30}, author = {Andi Nadia Nur Cahyani and Balqis B and Indar I and Amran Razak and A. Arsunan Arsin and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2478, title = {Health Action Process Approach in Non-Communicable Diseases: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {107-116}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {107}, abstract = {

Background: Epidemiological research has indicated that the deleterious effects of non-communicable disease can be prevented through participation in health behaviour. The HAPA is a dual-phase model that identifies the determinants of the initiation and maintenance of health behaviour. The aim of this study was to systematically map the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA)- based interventions in non-communicable diseases in relation to the type of intervention, the target groups and the constructs of the HAPA model that are used in the study and to assess the clinical relevance of the studies. Methods: This review study complies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) version 2020. The search for relevant literature involved PubMed, Sciencedirect, Willey online Library and Proquest databases for the studies published in 2000 to 2023 period. Quality of the study was assessed using CASP, and the Risk of Bias using Cochrane RoB tool. Results: In data bases search, there are 912 studies. The results for eligibility resulted in 18 articles consist of 13 observational studies, and 5 experimental studies. Discussion: Physical activity, healthy diet behaviour, and medication adherence were the targeted behaviour. In the majority of the studies, the targeted intervention was physical activity and the population consisted of adult patients. Conclusion: All studies used only a selection of the HAPA constructs. Therefore, only a minority of the studies can be considered real HAPA intervention studies.

}, keywords = {Behaviour change, Health action process approach, non-communicable diseases}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.17.15}, author = {Sahmad S and Andi Zulkifli Abdullah and Muh. Syafar and Indahwaty Sidin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2486, title = {The Influence of Website-Based Health Information Access Media on Primary Outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome Prevention In ASN Employees}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {222-230}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {222}, abstract = {

Background : Metabolic syndrome is a condition that can put all people at risk, including workers. It is important to improve health literacy related to the prevention of metabolic syndrome among workers. The association of health literacy on healthy lifestyle modification with a decrease in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of website-based health information access media on risk factors (knowledge, self-efficacy, work stress). Methods : The type of research used is Quasy Experimental design Nonequivalent Control Group design. The sample in this study were 62 employees from 2 government offices engaged in regional finance \& assets and the implementation of the water resources network of South Sulawesi province. This study divided two groups, namely the intervention group, which received education through the {\textquoteleft}SAFETY prevent metabolic syndrome{\textquoteright} website and daily journal filling, and the control group, which received education with booklets, with both groups measured and monitored for 2 months. Results : The {\textquoteleft}SAFETY{\textquoteright} websitebased health literacy model intervention was effective in improving knowledge (p=0.000), self-efficacy (p=0.004), and reducing work stress (p=0.047) in government workers, with the significant reduction in work stress demonstrating the benefits of a technology-based approach in managing stress in the work environment. Conclusion: This study was effective in increasing knowledge and self-efficacy and reducing work stress. Future research is recommended to expand the website intervention programme with interactive modules, explore integrated self-efficacy enhancement methods, and develop specific stress management programmes with a multidisciplinary approach.

}, keywords = {Booklet, Employee, Health Literacy, Metabolic syndrome, Website}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.28}, author = {Samsiana S and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Ridwan Amiruddin and Healthy Hidayanty and Nurhaedar Jafar and Muhammad Syafar and Wahiduddin W and Chatarina Umbul Wahyuni and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2485, title = {Literacy of Alpha-Lactalbumin (ALA) and Oleic Acid Content Improves Knowledge and Self Efficacy in Breastfeeding Milk by Mothers Who Have Babies 0-24 Months}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {217-221}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {217}, abstract = {

Introduction: The world health organization (WHO) actively promotes breast milk as the best source of nutrition for babies and continues to increase the level of exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months to two years and reach at least 50\% by 2025. The low level of exclusive breastfeeding is likely a lack of Education about the composition of breast milk which contains peptides including α-lactalbumin (ALA) and Oleic Acid (OA) which are able to reduce the risk of breast and ovarian cancer and have therapeutic effects which have been published under the name human a-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells (HAMLET ), so that this literacy is able to convince mothers to give breast milk and is a health threat to mothers that it is important to give breast milk because it has anti-cancer substances that can prevent cancer. Method: This type of research is quantitative, with a Quasi Experimental Nonequivalent Control Group Design. In this research , the experimental group was treated by providing education and assessing and using knowledge and self-efficacy instruments . Mean while, the control group received education through the KIA book. The target population in this study is mothers who have babies aged 0-24 months in the working area of the Ujoh Bilang Health Center, Mahakam Ulu Regency. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. Results: there is a difference in knowledge literacy, Self Eficaccy on Breast Milk Feeding (ASI) by mothers who have babies 0-24 months in the intervention and control groups before and after being given breast milk literacy with a p value of 0.000 (p \< 0.005) which indicates that the hypothesis is accepted, namely there is an effect of breast milk literacy on knowledge and self-efficacy. Conclusion: literacy of alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) and oleic acid (OA) content increases knowledge and selfefficacy in providing breast milk by mothers who have babies 0-24 months.

}, keywords = {alpha-lactalbumin, Breast milk literacy, knowledge, oleic acid and breast milk, self-efficacy}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.27}, author = {Nursari Abdul Syukur and Citrakesumasari and Anwar Mallongi and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Masni Mappajanci and Aminuddin Syam and Syamsuar S and Endah Wahyutri} } @article {2460, title = {Microencapsulation of Paracetamol with Polycaprolacone Coating}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {89-94}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {89}, abstract = {

Paracetamol is widely used as a medicine for fever and pain. Paracetamol has a normal half-life in the blood of 2 hours. If paracetamol is consumed frequently it will cause stomach irritation. This research aims to cover the unpleasant taste of paracetamol by microencapsulating using a coating and changing the release of paracetamol microcapsules. In this study, the coating material used was polycaprolactone because polycaprolactone is a biodegradable coating material. The amount of coating used in this study was 1.5g, 3g and 4.5g. Paracetamol microencapsulation was carried out in evaluation tests, namely organoleptic examination and particle size. Then a characterization test was carried out, namely the surface morphology test of the paracetamol microencapsulation using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) method and the dissolution test. The research results showed that the concentration obtained by Formula 1 was 95.66\%, Formula 2 was 97.17 and F3 was 98.81. The dissolution test results showed that the largest dissolution percentage of microcapsules in formula 1 was 97.85\% at 50 minutes, formula 2 was 98.13 at 55 minutes and formula 3 was 98.91\% at 60 minutes. Microencapsulation of paracetamol with polycaprolactone can cover the bitter taste and changing the release of paracetamol microcapsules into sustained release preparations.

}, keywords = {Microencapsulation, Paracetamol, Polycaprolactone}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.12}, author = {Elmi Sariani Hasibuan and Ayus Diningsih and Cory Linda Futri Harahap and Anto J. Hadi and Hafni Nur Insan and Rini Fitriani Dongoran and Haslinah Ahmad and Hapiz Arlanda Sani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2464, title = {Preconception Posyandu Performance Assessment Instrument with Europan Foundation Quality Management (EFQM) Method: Indicators, Validity and Reliability}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {40-46}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {40}, abstract = {

Preconception Posyandu is one of the preconception women{\textquoteright}s health services created to help reduce MMR, IMR and stunting prevalence in Banggai District. This study aims to create a performance assessment instrument for the Preconception Posyandu so that it can maintain the existence of the service. The development of performance assessment indicators through Focus Discussion Group (FGD) activities using the Europan Foundation Quality Management (EFQM) method consists of using 9 variables. We involved 30 village midwives and 30 preconception women at three health centers within Luwuk City to test the performance assessment instrument. Internal reliability was assessed with Cronbach{\textquoteright}s alpha and criterion validity. The performance appraisal instrument using the EFQM method obtained development results, namely from 52 indicator questions made into 92 questions, then after testing the validity of the instrument, 81 questions were declared valid and 11 questions were invalid. The results of Cronbach{\textquoteright}s alpha value, there are 5 variables with strong reliability (alpha\> 0.80), namely leadership variables, strategic policies, staff management and partnerships and resources, while there is 1 variable with perfect reliability (alpha\> 0.90), namely process variables, and 3 variables with sufficient reliability (alpha \> 0.70), namely performance outcome variables, customer satisfaction and impact on society. The questions generated from the development of indicators can be used to measure performance. The service of the Preconception Posyandu Program that has been running so far, this is evidenced by the average value of the reliability test which is 0.83, which means strong reliability.

}, keywords = {EFQM, Instrument, Performance Appraisal, Preconception Health Post}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.5}, author = {Fitrianty Sutadi Lanyumba and Muhammad Syafar and Darmawansyah D and Apik Indarty Moedjiono and Healthy Hidayanty and Wahiduddin W and Faizal Fahmi and Anang S Otoluwa and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2349, title = {Analysis of Executive and Legislative Behavior in Planning the Stunting Program in Maros District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {851-859}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {851}, abstract = {

Objective: Indonesia has quite a serious nutritional problem which is characterized by the large number of cases of malnutrition in children under five, as a result this problem has become the attention of the Indonesian government so that it has become a national protas called stunting, so it must be resolved in an integrated manner across sectors. Unfortunately, this problem has not been resolved so stunting cases are still very high, one of which is Maros district which has the eighth number of stunting cases based on SSGI data for 2022. Method: Qualitative research is carried out in natural settings to seek information from executive and legislative experience based on knowledge, attitudes, actions and interests. We used indepth interviews, assisted by interview guides, and reviewed the rules to answer the research objectives. The researchers carried out a review of the regulations in the form of basic reading of the recommendations and outreach carried out by the relevant government. Results: Interestingly, government planning uses new methods, namely bottom up, participatory and top down. The reason given by the executive is that this method is the most effective method in government organizations because planning is made based on the Maros district government budget calendar. Conclusion: In analyzing the behavior of the Executive and the legislature, not all of them understand stunting program planning so their involvement is lacking and not all of them play an active role in the stunting program, even though they have an interest in improving the level of health in the people of Maros district by trying to achieve zero stunting for the sustainability of regional development in Maros district. Recommendation: Continuing research on the theme of Analysis of Community Behavior towards the Implementation of Stunting Program Planning in Maros Regency, we suggest to the regional government to accelerate the realization of community welfare through improving human resource services and health levels, overcoming poverty.

}, keywords = {Executive, Legislative, Natural conditions, Strategy, Stunting}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.139}, author = {Andi Yulyana Mulmaharani and Sukri Palutturi and Indar and Darmawansyah and Aminuddin Syam and Yahya Thamrin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2231, title = {Analysis of Factors Influencing the Willingness to Pay BPJS Kesehatan Contributions of Mandiri Participants in the Working Area of Bua Health Center, Luwu District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {211-216}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {211}, abstract = {

The willingness to pay BPJS Health contributions regularly and on time every month for independent participants is the most important component to make it easier for independent participants to utilize health services. This research aims to analysis the factors that influence the willingness to pay BPJS Health contributions for independent participants in the Bua Health Center working area, Luwu Regency. The research was conducted in the working area of the Bua Health Center, Luwu Regency. The research design iscross sectional study. The total sample was 340 independent BPJS Health participants using sampling techniquesSimple Random Sampling. Data were analyzed using testsChi-Squareand Multiple Logistic Regression test. Test resultsChi-Squareshows that there is a relationship between the number of family members (p=0,000), income (p=0,000), perception of the quality of health services (p=0,000), history of catastrophic illness (p=0,000), and ability to pay BPJS Health contributions (p= 0,000) with a willingness to pay BPJS Health contributions. Meanwhile, there is no relationship between knowledge (p=0,364) and willingness to pay BPJS Health contributions. The results of the Multiple Logistic Regression test show that number of family members (OR=69,893) is the factor that most influences the willingness to pay BPJS Health contributions. It is recommended that the BPJS Health consider a contribution payment system for independent participants who are required to pay contributions collectively which includes all family members in one family who are registered as independent BPJS Health participants, so that independent participants who have large family members are not burdened and are willing to pay BPJS contributions Health regularly and on time every month.

}, keywords = {BPJS Health, Income, Independent Participants, Number of Family Members, Willingness to Pay Contributions}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.30}, author = {Syiar Cakke. S and Balqis and Indar and Sukri Palutturi and Hasanuddin Ishak and Andi Zulkifli and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2307, title = {Analysis of Implementation of the Prolanis-Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Disease Management Program in Majene Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {644-649}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {644}, abstract = {

In the context of health maintenance for BPJS health participants who suffer from chronic diseases, PROLANIS is a proactive strategy and health care system that is implemented in an integrated way involving participants, health facilities, and BPJS health. In this work, a case study methodology is combined with a qualitative method. Content analysis was employed to analyze the data. Thirteen informants{\textemdash}four key informants and nine routine informants{\textemdash}were interviewed. The research on the communication between program implementers yielded positive results, the BPJS budget was allocated effectively, and the human resource numbers of the various health centers varied, but the facilities and infrastructure were more than sufficient, and the implementation skills were strong. Proceeding by current SOPs, the bureaucracy still needs improvement and regulation, and the BPJS incentives both reward and efficiently distribute money. Conclusion: Both Community Health Centers acknowledge that funding from BPJS is fairly good. Notifications and reminders of activities have been successfully implemented in the Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Disease Management Program (PROLANIS) policy, even though only those who are active and present are the same. Infrastructure and facilities are sufficient; however, there is room for improvement in the amount, quality, and integrity of human resources. Additionally, the appointment of bureaucracy requires attention, and it may be more effectively divided.

}, keywords = {BPJS Health and bureaucracy, Cronis Disease, Diabetes mellitus, Prolanis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.101}, author = {Khadijatul Fatiyah Mubarak and Amran Razak and Muhammad Alwy Arifin and Balqis and Muhammad Kardi and Hasnawati Amqam and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2346, title = {Analysis of the Determinants of Patient Loyalty in the Inpatient Installation at the General Hospital {\textquoteright}Aisyiyah St. Khadijah Pinrang District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {831-837}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {831}, abstract = {

Loyalty is repurchase behavior solely concerning the purchase of the same particular brand repeatedly. Patients who feel satisfied, can take repeated actions as repeated use of services in the future and tell others about the perceived service performance. This study aims to determine the determinants of loyalty of inpatient installation patients at {\textquoteright}Aisyiyah St. Khadijah General Hospital, Pinrang Regency. This research is included in the type of quantitative research by applying a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were 90 inpatients obtained by accidental sampling method. Data collection using a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out through the Chi-Square test and the Logistic Regression test. The results of the Chi-Square test show that there is an influence between service quality in terms of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, physical evidence, hospital image, moving barriers, and distance of residence on the loyalty of inpatient installation patients at {\textquoteright}Aisyiyah St. Khadijah General Hospital, Pinrang Regency. The results of the Logistic Regression test show that the quality of service in terms of assurance with Exp (B) = 25.274 is the variable that has the most influence on the loyalty of inpatient installation patients at {\textquoteright}Aisyiyah St. Khadijah General Hospital Pinrang Regency.

}, keywords = {Patient Loyalty; Service Quality; Hospital Image; Moving Barriers; Residence Distance; Hospitalization.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.136}, author = {Dewi Alya Anugrah Rizal and Muhammad Yusran Amir and Amran Razak and Balqis and Masni3 and Vonni Polopadang and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2258, title = {Analysis of the Giving of Mp-Asi Through Food Based on Majene{\textquoteright}s Local Wisdom for Stunting Prevention}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {372-377}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {372}, abstract = {

Background: Majene Society own tradition and knowledge typical in selecting, processing, and consuming food. Use food local can maintain diversity food and culture local. Food local has proven effective for growth baby optimally. Goals: With do comprehensive analysis to provision of MP-ASI through foodbased wisdom local Majene, expected can an effective and sustainable stunting prevention program was developed. Method: Method research used is study qualitative with design phenomenology. Informant in study This are 103 Baduta mothers who are exclusively breastfed, and live in rural districts Pamboang and District Tameroddo. Data analyzed use content analysis through N-Vivo 12 app. Results: Food tree chief in Tameroddo is rice red Because rice red become plant lots of fields found and easy grows in mountainous areas. Meanwhile in the Coastal Region Pamboang Still consistent with rice white or yams. Typical vegetables is leaf moringa, Langurru {\textquoteright}, and Lallere {\textquoteright}. Government Regency Majene push planting leaf moringa in each home easy get and help in increase continuity food, savings cost, and independence food in Majene. Besides That, leaf moringa of course known known as " tree magic " because mark high nutrition. Majene Society own access and consumption vegetables langngurru {\textquoteright} and lallere {\textquoteright} are just that found in the area mountains Tameroddo. Usually leaf This used as plant medicine, but in this area made as processed vegetables with add mango sour. Side dish typical Majene known with called " Baupapi ". Habit consumption child given Eat with Fish sauce is considered Already enough , even often this fish sauce considered as replacement vegetables , though very easy found various the main fish species in the coastal area Pamboang . Known Pineapple in local language Majene as {\textquotedblleft}Pandeng{\textquotedblright} is easiest fruit found Because grow with flourish in the yards House citizen. Findings food local the has content test nutrition and recipe test so that can used as the proper MP-ASI menu for given to baby for optimal growth. Conclusions and Suggestions: Important For ensure that kids get too consumption of fish or other protein sources as well as nutrition from vegetables and sources food other. Order child get appropriate nutrition through provision of adequate MP-ASI. Recommended to nanny , power health and government regency Majene to encourage provision of local MP-ASI with still notice mark appropriate nutrition , MP -ASI module as research output This can used as guidelines Proper provision of MP-ASI .

}, keywords = {Food based Local, MP-ASI, Stunting Prevention}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.57}, author = {Evawati and Nurhaedar Jafar and Healthy Hidayanty and Sudirman Natsir and Razak Thaha and Ridwan Amiruddin and Citrakesumasari and Lucy Widiasari and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2352, title = {Analysis of the Implementation of the Bpjs Kesehatan Chronic Diseases Management Program (Prolanis) in Biru Health Center, Bone Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {872-879}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {872}, abstract = {

Objectives: Prolanis is a health service system that involves patients, primary health facilities and BPJS. Prolanis aims to maintain health and achieve an optimal quality of life in patients with chronic disease (hypertension and diabetes mellitus) through effective and efficient health services to prevent disease complications. This study aims to determine and analyze the implementation of Prolanis in the Biru Health Center of Bone Regency based on input, process, output, impact, and feedback. Method: The type of research used in this research is qualitative research, and data were collected through technical triangulation using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation with key informants, main informants and supporting informants using purposive sampling techniques. Result: Research shows that in the input aspect, blood sugar strips used in health checks of prolanist participants are still limited, and there are no special facilities for prolanis. In terms of process, Biru Health Center has carried out all prolanist activities recommended by BPJS Kesehatan. However, some obstacles remain to these activities, such as prolanist participants who do not have Whats App, and laboratory HbA1c examinations every six months have not been carried out. In the output aspect, the achievement of the Biru Health Center RPPT has increased significantly from October 2023 to January 2024, although it decreased in November 2023. Regarding impact, BPJS Kesehatan, the Health Office, and Prolanis Participants are satisfied with implementing the prolanis at the Biru Health Center. Feedback from BPJS Kesehatan is available through the KBK monitoring and evaluation. Conclusion: Implementing prolanists at Biru Health Center has gone well and as expected. However, the input aspect still needs to be improved so that the implementation of prolanists can run even better.

}, keywords = {BPJS Kesehatan., Chronic Disease Management Program (Prolanis), Diabetes mellitus, Health Center, Hypertension}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.142}, author = {Suci Fajriani S and Amran Razak and Muhammad Alwy Arifin and Muhammad Yusran Amir and Anwar Mallongi and Muhammad Syafar} } @article {2313, title = {Analysis of the Influence of Leadership Style on Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance at RSUD H. Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Bulukumba District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {671-678}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {671}, abstract = {

The success and failure of a hospital is influenced by a leader, Effective leadership impacts the progress of the hospital so that leadership style becomes one of the determining factors in the success of hospital performance. Leadership style is a norm of behavior used by a person when that person tries to influence the behavior of other people or subordinates. This research aims to determine the influence of leadership style on organizational culture and organizational performance at RSUD H.Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja, Bulukumba Regency, the type of research used is quantitative research. The sample in this study was 178 staff and health workers at H.Andi Sulthan Daeng Radja Regional Hospital Bulukumba Regency using a sampling technique.Accidental Sampling. The analysis method used is Path Analysis with SmartPLS software version 3.0. Based on the results of this research, it shows that there is a direct influence of leadership style on organizational culture p value (0,000) with a t.statistic value (15.172), there is a direct influence of organizational culture on organizational performance with p value (0,000) with a t.statistic value (7.815), there is a direct influence of leadership style on organizational performance with p value (0,038) with a t.statistic value (2.077), and there is an influence of leadership style on organizational performance through organizational culture with p value (0,000) with a t.statistic value (6.339). Therefore, there is a need for good appreciation and direction to overcome difficulties in carrying out duties and responsibilities for employees, as well as consideration for paying more attention to employee needs which are implemented in organizational culture to improve better performance.

}, keywords = {Employee needs, Leadership Style, Organizational Culture, Organizational Performance}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.107}, author = {Andi Nadia Nur Cahyani and Balqi and Indar and Amran Razak and A. Arsunan Arsin and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2238, title = {Antibacterial Potential of Durian (Durio zibethinus murr.) Waste as an Alternative Disinfectant in Raw Drinking Water - A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {255-262}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {255}, abstract = {

Efforts continue to be made to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in drinking water by using safer disinfection materials. The use of local plants as disinfection materials is highly desirable. The durian plant (Durio zibethinus) can be a very promising alternative as a natural disinfection agent to destroy pathogenic bacteria in drinking water. This narrative review comes from three online journal databases that provide free journal articles in PDF format, collected over the last ten years. The main keywords in conducting a literature review through online journals are "Durian, Durio Zibethinus, antibacterial, disinfectant, drinking water". Of the 5,693 journals identified in the three databases, 21 studies remained that met the requirements for inclusion in this review. This included study illustrates that fruit rind, seed, and leaf extracts from the durian plant have antimicrobial properties. Durian plants have antibacterial active compounds such as phenolics, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. The antimicrobial potential tested using the diffusion and dilution method indicated that the presence of antimicrobial ingredients in the durian plant extraction was in the strong category. Some pathogenic bacteria in water that can be inhibited or killed are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphilococcus aureus, Shigella boydii and Salmonella Typhi. This shows that there is an opportunity for the durian plant to provide a solution and great hope as a safe and economical alternative disinfection material as a replacement for current disinfection materials. Index terms: Durian (Durio zibethinus), antibacterial, disinfectant, drinking water.

}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.37}, author = {Rahwan Ahmad and Ridwan Amiruddin and A.Arsunan Arsin and Stang Stang and Hasanuddin Ishak and Yahya Thamrin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2362, title = {Application-based Reproductive Health Education on Reproductive Health Risk Behavior among Adolescents in Ternate City}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {942-948}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {942}, abstract = {

Background: The current era of digitalization is encouraging public health literacy to increase, especially among teenagers who are close to gadgets, so that the term e-health literacy is known, namely digital health literacy is defined as the ability to search, find and understand health information available in resources. electronically and use information obtained from these resources to overcome health problems. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of application-based reproductive health education to increase positive behavior of adolescents in Ternate City. Method: This research uses a Quasi-experimental method (Pre-post Control Design). The number of samples in this study was 300 teenagers aged 12- 15 years, in Ternate City. The measurement uses a questionnaire to measure knowledge, attitudes, actions, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and health literacy. The analysis used is the mean difference test, namely the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. Research Results: The distribution of respondents based on age groups in the control group and in the intervention group was mostly in the 13 year age group, namely 119 people (79.3\%) and 111 people (74.0\%), the most common gender was female. The results of the analysis showed that there were no differences between the control and intervention groups before treatment, there were differences between the control and intervention groups after treatment, there were differences before and after treatment in the variables knowledge (p value = 0.000), action (p value = 0.000), and health literacy (0.007) (p value \< 0.05). However, there is no difference for the variables Attitude, Subjective Norms, Behavioral Control. There are differences before and after treatment in the variables knowledge (p value = 0.000), attitude (p value = 0.000), action (p value = 0.000), subjective norms (p value = 0.000), behavioral control (p value = 0.000) and health literacy (p value = 0.000) (p value \< 0.05). Conclusion: Application-based reproductive health education has a good impact in increasing positive behavior among teenagers in Ternate City, this is based on changes in knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral control and health literacy.

}, keywords = {Adolescents., Application, Reproductive Health, Risk Behavior}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.152}, author = {Muhlisa and Ridwan Amiruddin and Apik Indarty Moedjiono and Suriah and Rizal Damanik and Ummu Salmah and Sudirman Nasir and Intan Sari Areni and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2365, title = {Cadre Assistance in Improving the Nutritional Status of Two Years Baby: A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {960-965}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {960}, abstract = {

Background: The Health Law mandates that efforts to improve community nutrition aim to improve the nutritional quality of individuals and society. Indonesia is still a country with a fairly high category of nutritional problems. Very underweight badgers were 1.2\% and underweight badgers were 5.2\%. Overcoming nutritional problems must involve various parties in society, one of the community parties who plays an important role in overcoming nutritional problems for toddlers is health cadres in the village, especially nutritional problems for toddlers. Objective: to identify and explain scientific evidence regarding Mentoring Efforts by Cadres to improve Nutrition for Baduta and strengthen the theoretical basis that can support solving the problem being researched. Method: Using online journal databases that can be accessed in PDF form, namely, Pubmed, Elsevier/Scopus, Crossref and Google Scholar. Other sources such as textbooks, national health reports, and dissertations. The search included studies published in the last 10 years (2012{\textendash}2022). Using keywords (Kader, Nutrition Baduta, Posyandu Cadre, Cadre, Health Workers, Nutrition Health Workers). Appropriate articles were then entered into Mendeley. Results: Conclusion: Assistance to cadres can increase cadres{\textquoteright} knowledge and skills in improving nutrition for children, especially toddlers and toddlers. Mentoring and empowering cadres is carried out using various methods such as counseling, training, using various tools and media.

}, keywords = {Baduta Nutrition, Cadres, Mentoring, Two years baby., underweight}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.155}, author = {Ramli Ramli and Muhammad Syafar and Veni Hadju and Aminuddin Syam and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2220, title = {Community-based Anti-Drug Efforts: Leveraging Local Wisdom for Prevention}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {141-144}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {141}, abstract = {

Background: Drug abuse prevention in the community based on local culture, specifically {\textquotedblleft}Pageu Gampong,{\textquotedblright} involves legal aspects related to drugs and the management of drug prevention in the community. This study examines the influence of local culture, {\textquotedblleft}Pageu Gampong,{\textquotedblright} as a preventive measure against drug use among ninety in Aceh Besar district. Materials and Methods: In this study, a quasi-experimental pre-post test design was utilized to investigate the effectiveness of drug abuse prevention training that incorporated local culture, specifically, {\textquotedblleft}Pageu Gampong{\textquotedblright}; the research was conducted in seven phases and yielded promising results, including the establishment of an anti-drug task force team aimed at sustaining drug control efforts at the village level. To ensure data accuracy, the researcher designed and tested a self-administered questionnaire for validity and reliability. Results: The research showed increased general knowledge about drugs, legal aspects related to drugs, and drug prevention procedures with a p-value of 0.000. The results of this study are expected to be used for screening and early detection of the risk of drug abuse in the community through various culturally-based programs implemented by task force team members. Conclusion: This study can be used for screening and early detection of the risk of drug abuse in the community through various culturally-based programs implemented by task force team members.

}, keywords = {Anti-drug task force, Community-based programs, Drug prevention, Local culture, Risk detection}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.19}, author = {T Alamsyah and Teuku Muliadi and Khairunnas and Sufyan Anwar and Marniati and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2350, title = {Community-Based Electronic Recording and Reporting in Indonesia: Systematic Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {860-864}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {860}, abstract = {

Background: Implementing electronic-based health information systems in Indonesia has shown a significant increase in the last decade. However, many problems still need to be solved that hinder the effectiveness of this system. Studies describing the implementation of electronic-based data collection, monitoring, and reporting show confusing results. Aim: This review aims to evaluate the implementation of community-based electronic data collection, monitoring and reporting. Method: PRISMA guidelines was used to conduct this review. Databases used to search relevant literature including PubMed, Sciencedirect, Willey Online Library, and Proquest. Authors independently screening and extracted the data from the eligible studies. CASP for qualitative study was used to assess the quality of the study. Result: There are nine studies that matched with the inclusion criteria. Area of recording, monitoring, and reporting including maternal and child health, NCDs, and Tuberculosis. the challenges faced by Indonesia in implementing the ERMR including internet connections, access to electricity, absence of regulations, human resources, facilities, Fragmented application, Age, Pandemic, and lack of communication. Based on those barriers, infrastructure in supporting the implementation of ERMR is the most stated in the studies included. Conclusion: The implementation of ERMR is crucial for the Indonesian government to address immediately, given the significantly substantial benefits for the health status of the Indonesian people. The availability of adequate infrastructure, especially in remote areas, will support satisfactory public health services.

}, keywords = {Health, Indonesia., Monitoring, Recording, Reporting}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.140}, author = {Rahmat Haji Saeni and Andi Zulkifli Abdullah and Veni Hadju and Ridwan Amiruddin and Agus Bintara Birawida and Suriah and Rika Handayani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2357, title = {Cookies Formula for Oat (Avena sativa L.) and Plainnates (Musa Paradisiaca L.) as Alternative Food Ingredients}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {910-915}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {910}, abstract = {

Cookies in circulation have a high amount of vegetable or animal fat (20-30\% based on flour weight) and fiber content low Because material main cookies Which There is in market that is flour flour, necessary innovation for develop product cookies that are low in calories and have high fiber content, Wrong the only one with use material main oats (Avena sativa L.). The aim of this research is to analyze whether OAT ( Avena sativa L. ) and Raja banana (Musa Paradisiaca L.) can be formulated as cookies that have low calorie content and sensory evaluation of cookies using color, taste, aroma and texture parameters. This research is true experimental research carried out in the laboratory. Cookies made with the composition of oats and plantain are F1 ( 120gr: 80gr), F2 (150gr: 50gr), F3 (180gr: 20gr). Based on the research results obtained, it is stated that the ash content, water content, carbohydrate content, protein content, fat content and total energy (calories) are respectively as follows: In the control (0.74\%; 3.38\%; 92 .2\%; 2.62\%; 4.8\% and 422kcal), F1 (3.50\%; 4.70\%; 78.97\%; 5.25\%; 12.20\% and 446 kcal), F2 ( 3.42\%; 4.24\%; 70.99; 8.75\%; 18.00; .96\% and 481\%). The results of the sensory test stated the p value: 0.000, which means there is a difference. Oats ( Avena sativa L. ) and plantains (Musa Paradisiaca L.) can be formulated into low-calorie cookies. Based on the sensory evaluation, it was stated that there were differences in the panelists{\textquoteright} preferences for the color, taste, aroma and texture of oat and plantain cookies. In order to carry out further analysis for the application of cookies to mice as a low-calorie diet food.

}, keywords = {Alternative Food., Cookies, King Banana, Oats}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.147}, author = {Ayus Diningsih and Cory Linda Futri Harahap and Elmi Sariani Hasibuan and Rudi Dalimunthe and Nefonavratilova Ritonga and Haslinah Ahmad and Anto J. Hadi and Hapiz Arlanda Sani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2445, title = {Cross- Sector Collaboration in Addressing Stunting in Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1424-1430}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1424}, abstract = {

Nutritional obstacles among toddlers persist as a notable health issue, necessitating increased focus from diverse stakeholders, with stunting emerging as a prominent concern. Addressing stunting is not solely the responsibility of the health sector (specific); it also requires collaboration from non-health sectors (sensitive). Several sectors involved are Central Government, Provincial Government, Local Government Agencies, Private sector, Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), mass media, academics and society. However, previous different individual studies in regard to cross-sector collaboration produced diverse outcomes. Some reported optimal, while others reported suboptimal. Therefore, this current work aimed to determine supportive factors and barriers to cross-sector collaboration in addressing stunting. All research conducted in the last 5 years is encompassed within this topic. It explores various processes within cross -sector collaboration that can be utilized to address stunting issues. Through cross-sector collaboration, it is expected that the government and stakeholders share a common perception in addressing stunting issues, enabling joint problem-solving. The research findings emphasize that collaboration strategies within the government should not solely focus on outcomes but also consider models that encompass both processes and results. The model identified in this study aims to be an effective solution for governing cross-sector collaboration in addressing stunting.

}, keywords = {Addressing stunting, Cross-sector collaboration}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.229}, author = {Misrawatie Goi and Andi Ummu Salmah and Nurhaedar Jafar and Amil Ahmad Ilham and Stang Stang and Muhammad Safar and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2265, title = {Determinants of Adverse Birth Outcomes in Ambon, Indonesia: A Case-Control Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {410-414}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {410}, abstract = {

Background: Globally, adverse birth outcomes were still high, especially in low and middle-income countries like Indonesia. Stillbirth, preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and first-minute birth asphyxia are some of the adverse birth outcomes. The incidence of adverse birth in Ambon is quite high but never been any research about determinants of adverse birth outcomes. Objective: This study aims to examine the determinants of adverse birth outcomes and identify the main modifiable risk factors in Ambon. Method: This retrospective case-control study included all birth outcomes in August and September 2023 in Ambon, Indonesia. A total of 165 birth outcomes (55 cases and 110 controls) with complete information in Puskesmas and Posyandu were included in the analysis. The Chi-square test and regression analyses were applied to evaluate the association between variables. Result: This study showed the impact of pregnant women{\textquoteright}s age, parity, passive smoking, ANC examination, and ANC counseling on birth outcomes. There are differences in maternal age (p=0.006; 95\% CI: 1.22-6.11), parity (p=0.001; 95\% CI: 1.52-8.51), passive smokers (p=0.004; 95\% CI: 1.37-8.99, ANC examination (p=0.02; 95\% CI: 1.08-5.01) and ANC counseling (p=0.002; 95\% CI: 1.44-8.67) between case and control groups. Conclusion: Maternal age (<= 20 and \>35 years old), parity (one and >= 5), passive smokers, ANC examination not according to standard, and ANC counseling without a husband were associated with a high risk of all adverse birth outcomes.

}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.64}, author = {Magdalena Paunno and Ridwan Amiruddin and Masni and Mardiana Ahmad and Bertha Jean Que and Ridwan Thaha and Sudirman Nasir and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2356, title = {Development and Feasibility Test of the Self-Management Hypertension (SMH) Application for Elderly People with Hypertension in Makassar City}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {902-909}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {902}, abstract = {

Background: The Self Management Hypertension (SMH) application is a digital-based educational media solution to improve knowledge of elderly with HT in managing their disease independently, easy to use and can be accessed wherever they are. Smartphone -based digital technology, Recently, it has become a very common tool needed by most people, including the elderly, not only as a communication tool but can also be used as a medium for education and information. Research Objectives: This research aims to design the development of a prototype of the SMH application and to determine the feasibility of the SMH application for self-management of hypertension for the elderly. Method: The research method used is Research and Development (R\&D). The research subjects for the expert validation test consisted of 3 experts. Meanwhile, the application trial subjects consisted of a one-on-one trial sample of 3 elderly people and a small group trial of 12 elderly people. Data collection uses the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) questionnaire which consists of 13 questions with 4 assessment aspects, namely the convenience aspect, usefulness aspect, trust aspect and user intention aspect. There are 4 Likert scale answer choices ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree. Results: Expert validation results show the percentage and eligibility criteria are 86.6\%. The results of one-on-one trials show that the ease of application aspect is in the range of 3.25-4.00, the usefulness aspect is in the range of 3.00-4.00, the trust aspect is in the range of 3.67-4.00 and the user intention aspect is in the range of 3.00-4. .00. Small group trials showed an average convenience aspect of 3.52, an average usefulness aspect of 3.53, an average trust aspect of 3.69 and an average user intention aspect of 3.64. Conclusion: The SMH application has decent content, is easy to use, very useful, and trustworthy, thereby increasing the intention of elderly people with HT to use the SMH application

}, keywords = {Elderly, Hypertension, Self Management, SMH Application, TAM.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.146}, author = {Hilda Harun and Ridwan Amiruddin and A. Arsunan Arsin and Abdul Salam and Mondastri Korib Sudaryo and H. Muh. Syafar and A. Ummu Salmah and Sudirman Natsir and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2347, title = {Drug Management and Service Quality in Outpatient Pharmacies at the Haji Padjonga Daeng Ngalle Regional General Public Hospital in Takalar Regency, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {838-844}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {838}, abstract = {

Background: The provision of comprehensive individual health care services in outpatient units is intricately linked to drug management practices and the quality of available pharmacy services, ensuring optimal medication supply and use. Objective: This study aimed to assess the practices of drug management and the quality of outpatient pharmacy services at Haji Padjonga Daeng Ngalle (HPDN) Regional General Public Hospital in Takalar Regency, Indonesia. Method: The evaluation of drug management involves conducting in-depth interviews in the outpatient unit, focusing on planning, budgeting, procurement, storage, and distribution, compared with government regulatory standards. The quality of pharmacy services was assessed using the Solvin technique with 100 respondents, evaluating five dimensions: physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, using the servqual questionnaire with a Likert scale (ranging from very dissatisfied = 1, dissatisfied = 2, somewhat satisfied = 3, satisfied = 4, to very satisfied = 5). Results: Research findings indicated the level of compliance of drug management with regulations as follows: planning (66.67\%), budgeting (60\%), procurement (100\%), storage (100\%), and distribution (100\%). The quality of pharmacy services demonstrated high questionnaire validity (r >= 0.714), and the average dimension was a score of 4, indicating satisfactory satisfaction levels. Conclusion: This study reflects HPDN hospital{\textquoteright}s compliance with regulations while identifying specific areas for improvement to enhance the quality of pharmacy services.

}, keywords = {Drug management, Hospital, outpatient unit., patient service quality}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.137}, author = {Yunita Cahyani Pratiwi and Darmawansyah and Sukri Palutturi and Amran Razak and Atjo Wahyu and Anwar Daud and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2339, title = {The Effect of Giving Iodized Salt and Multi Micro Nutrients to Pregnant Women on the Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women in Majene Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {779-784}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {779}, abstract = {

Background: Maternal nutritional needs during pregnancy increase due to physiological, metabolic and anatomical changes. If the intake is insufficient, there will be deficiencies in both macro and micro nutrients. Multimicronutrient deficiency will affect the growth and anemia status of pregnant women. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of giving iodized salt and Multi Micronutrient Supplements to pregnant women on hemoglobin levels, body weight, iodine levels in urine and pregnancy outcomes. Method: This research is an analytical research using an experimental design that controls several nonexperimental variables and there is a control group as a comparison group to understand the effect of treatment. Determining the sample in this study used a random experimental method where 200 pregnant women were used as the research sample. The results showed that there was a significant change or increase in Hb levels (p=0.006; \<0.000; \<0.000), body weight (p=0.001; \<0.000; \<0.000), lila (\<0.0015; \<0.000; \<0.000 ), Iodine levels (\<0.000; \<0.000; \<0.000), between the group given iodized salt and MMS and the group given MMS. In this study, in the group of pregnant women who received iodized salt and MMS intervention, on average there was an increase or change in HB levels, iodine levels, mother{\textquoteright}s weight, baby{\textquoteright}s weight and abdominal length and circumference compared to those who received MMS. for pregnant women is to regularly maintain nutritional intake during pregnancy, especially consuming iodized salt and MMS which is beneficial for the health of pregnant women and the baby they are carrying.

}, keywords = {Pregnant women; Iodine Salt; Multi Micro Nutrient Supplement; Nutritional status.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.129}, author = {Darmin Dina and Nurhaedar Jafar and Veni Hadju and Hasnawati Amqam and Ridwan Amiruddin and Wahiduddin and Anwar Mallongi and Apik Indarty Moedjiono and Anang S. Otoluwa and Yulianah Sulaiman} } @article {2334, title = {Effects of ADCES7 Self Care Behavior Application and Acupressure on Changes in Blood Glucose Levels in Obesive, Prediabetic Women}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {744-750}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {744}, abstract = {

Background: Prediabetes and obesity in women are important health problems today. Appropriate selfmanagement and other methods are needed to overcome this. Objective: To assess the magnitude of the difference in changes in fasting blood glucose levels, before and after carrying out ADCES7 self-care behavior and acupressure. Method: This research is quasi-experimental research. The research design used was the Non-Randomized Pre Test - Post Test Control Group, which gathered obese, prediabetic women in the Kalumata Community Health Center, Siko Community Health Center and Posbindu under the PKK Ternate City through screening by excluding those who had suffered from diabetes mellitus and were pregnant. This group was then divided into the ADCES7 self care behavior intervention group, the acupressure group and the combined ADCES7 self care behavior and acupressure group. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess changes in fasting blood glucose levels. Results: Respondents in this study were 102 people who were divided into three groups. The results showed that there was an effect of Self Management intervention p(0.016)\<0.05, acupressure intervention p(0.032)\<0.05, and the combination group of Self Management and Acupressure p(0.011)\<0.05 on changes in fasting blood glucose levels in prediabetic obese women. Conclusion: obese prediabetic women who are aware and active in self-management ACDES7 self care behavior and acupressure can reduce blood glucose levels and body weight in obese prediabetic women

}, keywords = {Acupressure, ADCES7 Self Care Behavior., Obesity, Prediabetes}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.124}, author = {Acce Basri and Syamsiar Russeng and Nurhaedar Jafar and Ridwan Amiruddin and Yahya Thamrin and Masni Masni and Muhammad Safar and Siti Muslimatun and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2399, title = {Exploration of Adolescent Knowledge Experiences and Efforts to Identify Interventions on the Use of Digital Technology Information Media to Increase Knowledge related to HIV/AIDS Prevention}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {1150-1158}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1150}, abstract = {

Background: HIV/AIDS has become a pandemic that worries the world community, especially teenagers because of their lack of understanding in tackling the prevention and spread of HIV/AIDS. One of the things that can be done is to identify interventions in the utilization of digital technology information media. Purpose: This study focuses on exploring the experiences of adolescents in efforts and in identifying interventions using digital technology information media to increase knowledge related to HIV/AIDS prevention. Methods: Qualitative research using interpretive descriptive approach and literature review on teenage students of SMA Negeri 4 (SMA A) and SMK Negeri 6 (SMA B) in Pangkep Regency, Class II and Class III. Sampling using t purposive sampling type of criteria sampling. The number of participants is 20 people and 5 participants who fall into the source triangulation category. Semi-structured interview guidelines with in-depth interviews, FGDs and observations using field notes. Results: There are 4 main themes that are obtained, namely: 1) Lack of youth knowledge about HIV/AIDS; 2) Perception of adolescents{\textquoteright} response control towards HIV/AIDS sufferers (ODHA); 3) Work Program in efforts to prevent HIV/AIDS; 4) The needs of adolescents, teachers, health center staff, and the health office regarding plans for developing interventions to increase youth knowledge in efforts to prevent HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Respondents have inadequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS, show negative attitudes towards PLHIV and are also involved in risky practices that can affect HIV transmission. This shows that the provision of accurate and comprehensive information related to HIV/ AIDS is a component of prevention and control interventions that must be increased so that intervention strategies are needed to alleviate suffering and possibly reduce the negative consequences that may occur.

}, keywords = {HIV/AIDS, Intervention Strategy, knowledge, Model Development, Youth}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.188}, author = {Rusli Taher and H. Muh. Syafar and A. Indahwaty Sidin and Stang and Oedojo Soedirman and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Ridwan Amiruddin and Andi Armyn Nurdin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2261, title = {Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Diarrhea in Infants Aged 7-14 Months in Puskesmas Alak Kupang City}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {388-392}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {388}, abstract = {

Diarrhea is a disease characterized by changes in the consistency of stools to liquid accompanied by an increase in the frequency of defecation more than usual \> 3 times / day accompanied by changes, with or without blood and or mucus. Factors that cause diarrheal disease are infections, infections can be caused by bacteria, parasites and viruses. Busy parents often pay less attention to health and the impact of an unhealthy environment. The three children have digestive problems, which are still considered a habit and can be cured without having to go to a health facility. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors that influence the incidence of diarrheal disease in infants aged 7-12 months at the Alak Health Center, Kupang City. The type of research used is an analytical survey with a case control design. The population in this study was divided into case populations, namely all infants aged 7-12 months totaling 137 infants and controls were infants aged 7-12 months who did not experience diarrhea totaling 8,868 infants. Determination of the size of the control sample using a ratio of 1:1 with the case sample so that the number of control samples is the same as the case sample, namely 37 infants and the total sample is 74 infants. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. Analysis of the data used is the chisquare test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship with a history of premature birth (p-value = 0.015 with an odds ratio = 3.434), low birth weight (p-value = 0.015 with an odds ratio = 4.563), exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.015 with an odds value ratio = 3.434), immunization status (p-value = 0.004 with odds ratio = 4.265) and history of allergies (p-value = 0.004 with odds ratio = 4.083) with the incidence of diarrheal disease at the Alak Health Center, Kupang City. Suggestions that health center health workers need to be able to increase prevention efforts from an early age by approaching the community and providing concrete education related to the incidence of diarrhea.

}, keywords = {BBLR, Diarrhea, Exclusive Breastfeeding and Immunization Status, Premature}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.60}, author = {Deviarbi Sakke Tira and Sonyalin Buifena and Sigit Purnawan and Maria Magdalena Dwi Wahyuni and Marni Marni and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2262, title = {Factors Affecting the Realization of Non-Physical Special Allocation Funds in The Health Sector at the Baubau City Health Office}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {393-399}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {393}, abstract = {

Failure of meeting the budget realization target can result in the loss of spending benefits, because not all of the funds allocated can be utilized by the government which means there are idle funds. This study aims to investigate the factors that affect budget Realization. This study was approached using mixed method design, using a saturated sample technique where the sample used was the entire population of financial managers within the scope of the Baubau City{\textquoteright}s Health Office and Community Health Center totaling 76 respondents. The data were collected by questionnaire techniques and in-depth interviews with 6 informants and analyzed by univariate analysis techniques, bivariate with Chi Square formula, and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that budget planning (p = 0.000), budget implementation (p = 0.000), human resources (p = 0.000), regulation (p = 0.001), and leadership (p = 0.012) influence on budget Realization. The results of logistic regression analysis show that budget planning is the most influential factor on budget Realization with p value of 0.002\<0.005 and OR 11.353. Budget planning, budget implementation, human resources, regulations and leadership factors influence budget realization. Related parties are expected to improve the quality of human resources in the field of planning and budgeting division, which in turn, can increase budget realization.

}, keywords = {Budget Realization, Human Resources, Implementation, Leadership, Planning, Regulation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.61}, author = {Wildan Harisma and Sukri Palutturi and Amran Razak and Indar and Ummu Salmah and Syamsuar Manyullei and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2402, title = {Health Risk Assessment and Monte Carlo Simulation of Microorganism Aerosol Pollution at the Intensive Care Unit of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. Makassar}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {1170-1176}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1170}, abstract = {

Microorganism pollutants can be bacteria, fungi and spores in the room. Microorganisms that are distributed in space are known as bioaerosols. The spread of bioaerosol in hospitals can result in danger to human health, especially for patients with weakened immune systems. Risk assessment is very important for an organization or institution to overcome current and future risks related to contamination. The QMRA approach has been applied to inform standards for the microbiological quality of food, water, air, and touched surfaces. The method uses descriptive analytics with a literature review design. Data was obtained through searches on the electronic databases Pubmed , Elsevier , and Google Scholar. Keyword terms such as: (Bioaerosol * and Airborne * and Infections * and Hospital *) , ( Bioaerosol * and Microorganisms * and Inhalation ) , ( Airborne * and Microbial and * Hospital * or Intensive Room *) , ( Bioaerosol * Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA)* and Hospital-Acquired Infection* and Intensive Care unit ) . health risks AND sensitivity AND aerosol pollution AND microorganisms OR fungi OR bacteria AND montercarlo AND intensive care OR hospital rooms: (Bioaerosol * and Airborne * and Infections * and Hospital *) , ( Bioaerosol * and Microorganisms * and Inhalation ) , ( Airborne * and Microbial and * Hospital * or Intensive Room *) , (Bioaerosol * Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) * and Hospital-Acquired Infection * and Intensive Care unit ) . health risks AND sensitivity AND aerosol pollution AND microorganisms OR fungi OR bacteria AND monter carlo AND intensive care OR hospital rooms are used. The search covered research conducted over the past ten years, from 2012 to 2022. Of the 27 articles found using the search terms, seventeen articles were selected for examination. The four categories of analysis are population, type of study, aims, and findings. According to research, one of the parameters for evaluating indoor environmental quality is bioaerosol. Microbial bioaerosol media in the air are ambient air and indoor air. The routes of exposure can be through ingestion/swallowing, direct contact and inhalation/inhalation. The cause of hospital infections is because hospital environmental conditions do not meet the requirements, causing high levels of room air germs. Poor hospital indoor air quality can cause HAIs. Therefore increasing levels of mechanical or natural ventilation as well as regular cleaning and maintenance activities can play an important role in improving indoor air quality.

}, keywords = {Bioaerosol, Health risk assessment, Microorganisms, Monte carlo, Pollution}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.191}, author = {Rochfika and Anwar Mallongi and Aminuddin Syam and Agus Bintara Birawida and Syafri Kamsul Arif and A. Indahwaty Sidin and Muh. Nasrum Massi} } @article {2355, title = {Identification of Effort and Issues in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot in the Community: A Qualitative Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {895-901}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {895}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetic foot is one of chronic complications that can cause significant issue on diabetes mellitus patient. In addition to contributing to mortality and morbidity rate, this disease also increases the family as well as national health economy burdens. Therefore, preventive efforts are necessary to decrease the risk of diabetic foot. In this case, intervention model in preventing diabetic foot is known to focus more on diabetes mellitus patients and healthcare service provider. Objective: Current research aims to identify the determinant of the efforts and issues in the prevention of diabetic foot in the community. Method: This research applied qualitative method through focus group discussion and indepth interview with 19 informants selected through purposive sampling, including the holder of Public Health Center programs, cadre, diabetes mellitus patients, and family. Data obtained through record were further transcribed and analyzed thematically. Result: There are several themes produced, including the education of foot care, cadre empowerment, role of cadre, strategy of cadre empowerment, knowledge, perception, self-efficacy, as well as patient and family strengthening. Conclusion: Diabetic foot preventive efforts focuses on the education of foot care and cadre empowerment in the community. Meanwhile, the issues discovered include the lack of knowledge, perception, efficacy and behavior in taking care of foot on diabetes mellitus patients. Hence, further study is needed in designing proper intervention strategy to prevent diabetic foot in the community.

}, keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Diabetic foot prevention.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.145}, author = {Tini and Darmawansyah and Ridwan Amiruddin and Masni and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2221, title = {Implementation Model of Acceptance of Covid-19 Booster Vaccine in Elderly in Bogor City}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {145-149}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {145}, abstract = {

Objective: The major impact of COVID-19 occurs especially on the elderly, however the vaccination achievement rate among them tends to be low. The COVID-19 vaccination strategy for the elderly must still be implemented even though WHO has been revoked the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) status for COVID-19. One approach that can be taken is to empower the elderly in the vaccination process. This research aims to see the effectiveness of changes in knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the elderly regarding acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine after receiving educational intervention using modules using the peer group method. Method: Quasi-experiment with a one-group pretest-posttest pattern. The research was conducted at the North Bogor Community Health Center in April-June 2023 on 66 elderly people taken using a purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire is used to look at characteristics, vaccine history, assess respondents{\textquoteright} knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding the COVID-19 situation. Data collection went through three stages, namely pre-test distribution, peer group method using module-19 and post-test distribution. Bivariate analysis with dependent t-test using SPSS 23.0 software. Results: The majority of elderly people were aged 60-74 years (90.9\%) and there was a significant increase (p\<0.05) in the average score of knowledge, attitudes and behavior of elderly people before and after being given the intervention. The average knowledge score before intervention was 69.60 {\textpm} 9.51 and after intervention 80.30 {\textpm} 10.29, attitude score before intervention 80.43 {\textpm} 9.61 and after intervention 85.25 {\textpm} 11.99, and behavior score before intervention 86.29 {\textpm} 14.67 and after intervention 90.35 {\textpm} 10.34. Conclusion: implementation of the model with intervention modules is effective in increasing knowledge, attitudes and behavior. It is hoped that with this increase, elderly people will be able to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

}, keywords = {Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine, Attitudes, Behavior, knowledge, Module, Peer group}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.20}, author = {Astrid Dewi Prabaningtyas and Ridwan Amiruddin and A Arsunan Arsin and Healthy Hidayanty and Chatarina Umbul W and Ummu Salmah and Lalu Muh Saleh and Sudirman Nasir and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2206, title = {The Implementation of Quick Wins Blood Services Program in Efforts to Prevent Maternal Deaths Due to Hemorrhage in East Lombok Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {37-41}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {37}, abstract = {

The Quick Wins Blood Service Program was launched by the Ministry of Health to accelerate the fulfillment of blood needs for pregnant women with hemorrhage complications by integrating public health centers, referral hospitals, and blood transfusion units. Maternal hemorrhage deaths could be prevented if more voluntary donors regularly donated blood. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the Quick Wins Blood Service Program implementation in East Lombok Regency. Methods: This is qualitative research with a case study design. Data were collected by interviewing 11 informants from the blood transfusion unit of the hospital, the East Lombok Red Cross, Public Health Centers, the East Lombok District Health Office, and high-risk pregnant women. Results: Health services for pregnant women have been adequately provided. However, some midwives do not conduct home visits and only wait for patients at the posts (polindes) in some areas or only do examinations at the integrated health services posts (Posyandu). Blood services have been good, but more blood stocks are often needed due to a lack of donor interest. Preparing prospective donors for pregnant women in the Quick Wins program is not always carried out because pregnant women and their families assume that blood is always available at referral hospitals. Conclusion: The Quick Wins Blood Service Program has been well implemented but needs to be more optimal.

}, keywords = {Blood Transfusion, Hemorrhage, Maternal Death, Pregnancy}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.5}, author = {Alfina H. Ummah and Sudirman Nasir and Suriah and Shanti Riskiyani and Syamsuar and Lalu M. Saleh and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2390, title = {Improving Tuberculosis Detection: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Contact Investigation Implementation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {1103-1109}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1103}, abstract = {

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death. Indonesia is currently ranked 2nd globally, and the incidence rate increases yearly. TB is highly contagious to risk groups, especially to those who live in one house. Purpose. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of tuberculosis contact investigation by health workers and health cadres in Samarinda City, Indonesia. Methods: This study was conducted with an exploratory qualitative design to explore the implementation of Active Case Finding through contact investigation in Samarinda. As research informants, there are five managers of the tuberculosis program of the Samarinda City Health Office and Public Health Center, four Health Cadres, and ten household contacts of tuberculosis patients. Results: The results of the in-depth interviews identified three domains, eight themes, and 22 sub-themes. We found several obstacles in investigating the TB patient case index contacts, including a lack of resources, low awareness of household contacts, and difficulty meeting targets. Conclusion: Lack of resources and use of conventional instruments indicate less effective coverage of contact investigations. Low awareness of household contact for screening is due to a lack of understanding of TB, shame as a family of TB sufferers, denying the existence of TB symptoms, and not wanting others to know about their health conditions.

}, keywords = {Contact Investigation, Evaluation, Tuberculosis Detection}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.179}, author = {Joko Sapto Pramono and Ridwan Amiruddin and Ida Leida and Aminuddin Syam and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2304, title = {The Influence of Human Resource Management Functions on the Quality of Health Services in Inpatient Patients at Maryam Citra Medika Hospital, Takalar District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {624-629}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {624}, abstract = {

Health human resource management is the most important part of improving public health in Indonesia. Health human resources are also said to be a key component for driving health development which aims to increase awareness, willingness and ability to live healthily. As much as 80\% of the success of health development in Indonesia is determined by health human resources. There is still a lack of health human resources in Indonesia due to unequal distribution and less than optimal management of health human resources. Indicators of the health Human Resources management function consist of Health Human Resources Planning, Health Human Resources Organizing, Health Human Resources Procurement, Health Human Resources Development. This study aims to determine the influence of the health Human Resources management function on the quality of health services for inpatients at the Mayam Citra Medika Hospital, Takalar Regency. This type of research is quantitative research using a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study was 110 health workers in the inpatient department at Maryam Citra Medika Hospital, Takalar Regency, obtained using the probability sampling method. Data collection uses a questionnaire instrument. Data processing uses the chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression test. Based on the research results, there is an influence of health human resource planning, organizing health human resources, development of health human resources and there is no influence of procurement of health human resources on the quality of health services for inpatients at the Mayam Citra Medika Hospital, Takalar Regency.

}, keywords = {Development, Human Resources, Organizing, Planning, Procurement, Quality of Health Services.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.98}, author = {Andi Sri Adinda and Muhammad Alwy Arifin and Darmawansyah and Indar and Hasanuddin Ishak and Andi Zulkifli and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2302, title = {The Influence of Nurse Resource Aspects on Performance Nurse at Tenriawaru Hospital Bone District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {610-614}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {610}, abstract = {

The human resources who interact most directly with patients are nurses. Low performance of nurses in an organization can cause obstacles to an organization in achieving its goals. This study aims to determine the influence of aspects of nursing resources on nurse performance at Tenriawaru Hospital, Bone Regency. This type of research is quantitative research with a cross sectional study approach. The sample for this research was nurses who work as nurses, namely 94 nurses. Data collection uses a questionnaire. Processing uses the chi square test and logistic regression test. Based on the research results, it shows that competence has a significant influence on nurse performance with a value of p=0.00\<0.05, motivation does not have a significant influence on nurse performance with a value of p=0.059>=0.05, loyalty has a significant influence on nurse performance with a value of p= 0.00\<0.05. Work discipline has a significant influence on nurse performance, p value = 0.00 \<0.05. and rewards have a significant influence on nurse performance, p value = 0.00 \<0.05.

}, keywords = {Hospital, Influence, Nurses resource, Performance}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.96}, author = {Siska Ayuningsih and Sukri Palutturi and Balqis Nazaruddin and Indar and Erniwati and Syafar and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2243, title = {The Influence of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Nurse Performance in the Inpatient Department at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {280-286}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {280}, abstract = {

Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is an individual behavior that is rooted in his willingness to contribute beyond his role or duty or unconsciously directed or undirected, to be able to provide benefits and benefits to his company. OCB indicators consist of Altruism, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy, Civic Virtue. This study aims to determine the effect of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) on the performance of nurses in the inpatient department at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar. This type of research is quantitative research using a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were 55 nurses in the inpatient department at Ibn Sina Hospital obtained by purposive sampling method. Data collection using a questionnaire instrument. Data processing using chi-square test, multivariate logistic regression test, and partial correlation test. Based on the results of the study there is an influence of Altruism, Conscientiousness, Sportsmanship, Courtesy, Civic Virtue, with the work environment as a control variable on the performance of nurses in the inpatient department at Ibnu Sina Hospital Makassar.

}, keywords = {Altruism, Civic Virtue, Conscientiousness, Courtesy, Nurse performance, OCB, Sportsmanship, Work Environment}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.41}, author = {Andi Nurul Azizah and Muhammad Alwy Arifin and Darmawansyah and Sukri Palutturi and Muhammad Yusran Amir and Vonny Palopadang and Masni and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2351, title = {The Influence of Psychological Capital on Nurse Performance Through Work Engagement at the Inpatient Installation of the Sandi Karsa Hospital in Makassar City}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {865-871}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {865}, abstract = {

Background: One concept that supports nurses in being more motivated to achieve good performance is psychological capital. Objective: To analyse the effect of psychological capital on work engagement and nurse performance at the inpatient installation at Sandi Karsa Hospital. Method: The type of research used is quantitative research. The research design used analytic observations with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample in this study was 65 nurses at the inpatient installation at Sandi Karsa Hospital, Makassar City, using the total sampling technique. The analysis method used is Partial Least Square with SmartPLS software version 3.0. Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a direct influence of psychological capital on work engagement (p = 0.000), and there is a direct influence of psychological capital on nurse performance with a (p = 0.000). There is no effect of work engagement on nurse performance (p = 0.307) and no direct effect of psychological capital on nurse performance through work engagement (p = 0.326).

}, keywords = {Hospitalization., Performance, Psychology, Work engagement}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.141}, author = {Annisa Putri Ramadhani Arifin and Sukri Palutturi and Muhammad Yusran Amir and Amran Razak and Aminuddin Syam and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2244, title = {The Influence of Workplace Spirituality and Leader Member Exchange on Organizational Commitment of Nurses at Elim Rantepao Hospital, North Toraja District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {287-291}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {287}, abstract = {

Background: The determining factor for the success of health service organizations today lies in how well management builds commitment, especially employee performance as internal customers. How well executives and all employees at all levels emphasize the importance of patient retention. How well customer commitment is translated into easy-to-understand actions, processes and performance records and how seriously leadership views all employees as a valuable investment and not a burden to the organization. This study aims to analyze the influence of Workplace Spirituality and Leader Member Exchange on Organizational Commitment in Nurses at Elim Rantepao Hospital, North Toraja Regency. The type of research is quantitative research using an observational study with a cross sectional study design. The sample was 102 nurses in the Inpatient Unit of Elim Rantepao Hospital, North Toraja Regency. Results: of the research show that organizational commitment in the Inpatient Unit of Elim Rantepao Hospital, North Toraja Regency is 46.1\% with the variable that has the most significant influence on nurses{\textquoteright} organizational commitment, namely Workplace Spirituality with a sig value of 0.001\<0.05 with a value of 51.1\%, as well as the most influential dimension. towards organizational commitment, namely Professional Respect with a sig value of 0.001 \<0.05 with a value of 46.6\%.

}, keywords = {LMX (Leader Member Exchange) and Organizational Commitment, Workplace Spirituality}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.42}, author = {Adrian Benedict Wijaya and Irwandy and A. Indahwaty Sidin and Noer Bahry Noor and Syahrir A Pasinringi and Sangkala and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2234, title = {Measuring Adolescent Mental Health and the Effect on Junevile Deliquency Behavior Tendencies. Case Study in Tana Toraja}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {231-234}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {231}, abstract = {

Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase of development from childhood to adulthood, involving various changes in the biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional aspects of the adolescent. These changes often lead to confusion in establishing their identity, which can result in behaviors that are not in line with their developmental responsibilities. The tendency towards delinquent behavior in adolescents is one of the forms of behavior that emerges during adolescence due to the dysfunction of various aspects within the adolescent. The presence of dysfunction in these aspects of the adolescent indicates that the adolescent is experiencing mental disorders. The aim of this study is to analyze how the mental health of adolescents influences their tendency to engage in delinquent behaviors. Method: Using a quantitative method with descriptive statistics and testing assumptions using multiple linear regression analysis. Result: Based on the characteristics of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years, it was found that the mental health condition of adolescents has an impact on the tendency of delinquent behavior in adolescents, with a value based on the linear regression model of 0.000 \< 0.05, indicating a significant level. Conclusion: The non-impulsive behavioral aspect is the most significantly influential factor on the tendency of adolescent delinquent behavior with a value of p \< 0.05.

}, keywords = {Adolescent, Juneville delinquency tendency, Mental health, Self-Control}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.33}, author = {Librawaty Sara Tangibali and Muhammad Syafar and Ridwan M. Thaha and Sudirman Nasir and Hasanuddin Ishak and Sukri Palutturi and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2236, title = {Microbial Quantitative Risk Assessment in Springs as Community Drinking Water Sources in the Banggai Islands Karst Area, Central Sulawesi}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {241-247}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {241}, abstract = {

The Banggai Karst Area of the Islands of Central Sulawesi Province is dominated by the appearance of the Karst Ecosystem, which covers 97\% of the total area, so it is very vulnerable to pathogenic bacterial contamination. This type of research is an observational study with a Cross-Sectional design with an Environmental Health Risk Assessment (EHRA) approach method to assess or forecast the amount of human health risk caused by exposure to environmental hazards. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) determines or predicts the human health risk caused by exposure to environmental hazards from pathogenic bacterial contamination. In this study, we collected 230 human samples and four samples of springs as a source of community drinking water, namely Paisu Lalomo Spring in South Buko District, Paisu Taabak in Liang District, Paisu Olulan in North Bulagi District and Paisu Sinangkal North Tinangkung District. The examination results on four springs as a source of community drinking water contained one sample with the highest probability of infection (Pinf) of 3.92 x10-4, namely Coliform bacteria in Paisu Lalomo springs. Furthermore, the annual chance of infection (Pinf / year), the highest pathogenic bacteria, was also found in Paisu Lalomo spring samples, namely in coliform bacteria with the same value (Pinf / year) = 1.32{\texttimes}10-1. However, examination of other bacteria also showed that all positive springs contained coliform bacteria and Enterococcus exceeding the specified limit (1x10-4). Risk management is needed to control risk factors that can cause health problems due to consuming and utilizing springs as a source of drinking water.

}, keywords = {Karst, Pathogenic bacteria, QMRA, Springs}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.35}, author = {Ferdy Salamat and Anwar Daud and Agus Bintara Birawida and Amran Achmad and Muh. Syafar and Ridwan Amiruddin and Stang and Langgeng Wahyu Santoso and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2410, title = {Obstacles to the Complementary Feeding Assistance Program for Stunted Children Aged 6-24 Months: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {1209-1217}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1209}, abstract = {

Stunting is a condition of stunted physical and cognitive growth caused by malnutrition during the development of children under five. UNICEF and WHO recommendations stipulate exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and breastfeeding for up to two years. Apart from that, it is very important to provide complementary foods for breast milk for 6-23 months. The aim of the research is to determine the obstacles to the Complementary Feeding assistance program for stunted children aged 6-24 months. The method used is a Systematic Literature Review. Health database with search engines Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direch, ProQuest and Scinapse. The search strategy uses the keywords: Program Constraints, Complementary Feeding, Stunting and Baduta. Identifying research articles for 2017-2023 and using PRISMA flowcharts and literature eligibility criteria based on the PICOS framework. A total of 10,523 articles were identified. Five articles used cross sectional methods, three survey articles, one descriptive analysis article and one cohort article. There were 10 eligible articles that met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of the identification of Complementary Feeding assistance programs for stunted children aged 6-24 months. There is a correlation between obstacles to the mentoring program related to non-optimal complementary feeding practices (accuracy, diversity and frequency), lack of knowledge and experience, obstacles in communication skills (delivering key messages), selfefficacy/ working mothers, sanitation/environmental conditions, socio-economic, weak regulations and government programs including increasing community-based programs such as posyandu. If children aged 0-23 months receive inappropriate complementary foods, they are at high risk of stunting. Various obstacles to the Complementary Feeding assistance program will influence the program{\textquoteright}s emphasis on promoting children{\textquoteright}s growth and development to prevent stunting. Conclusion: the Complementary Feeding mentoring program is not optimal, due to various obstacles (specific and sensitive) faced in providing Complementary Feeding to stunted children aged 6-23 months.

}, keywords = {Breast milk, Complementary Feeding, Program Barriers}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.198}, author = {Icha Dian Nurcahyani and Ridwan Amiruddin and Yahya Thamrin and Wahiduddin and Aminuddin Syam and Nurhaedar Jafar and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2239, title = {Occupational Diseases in Female Workers in the Industrial World, Indonesia: Hazard Types and Exposure Mechanisms {\textendash} Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {263-267}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {263}, abstract = {

Background: Occupational diseases are diseases caused by work and the work environment. Specifically gender, women have a double burden, namely domestic work in the household and the burden of being a breadwinner who works outside the home, women are also faced with reproductive tasks, namely pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding, and bioanatomically women have physical strength different from men, so that women are specifically more vulnerable to health risks due to their work, both physically, mental and social. This research will review the types and mechanisms of the spread of Occupational Diseases (OD) in female workers in the industrial world. Methods: The writing of this research was carried out using the Literature Review method which is a literature review method in which scientific articles are selected by researchers related to the research topic. Results: According to the results of the study, the specific risk of occupational diseases in the female worker community is pregnancy and childbirth disorders, Anemia and Sexuall Transmitted Disease (STD), while other accompanying diseases are Pulmonary Obstruction Disease, Tinea pedis, Neurotoksic Symptoms, Noice Induce Hearing Loss (NIHL), Low Back Pain (LBP), MSDs, and Work Stress. Conclusion: Every female worker has a susceptibility to occupational diseases according to the conditions and work environment experienced. The industry must pay attention to programs to improve occupational health by making anticipatory efforts so that occupational diseases do not become a life threat to female workers.

}, keywords = {Female Worker, Hazard, Industry, Occupational Disease}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.38}, author = {Mirawati Tongko and Yahya Thamrin and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Sukri Palutturi and Ridwan Amiruddin and Irwandy and Anwar Mallongi and Maria Kanan and Fahrudin Lahay and Almustari} } @article {2263, title = {Peer Group Empowerment to Improve Teenagers{\textquoteright} Behavior in Consuming Blood Supplement Tablets Through the Youth Integrated Healthcare Center Program}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {400-404}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {400}, abstract = {

Backgrounds: South Sulawesi Province ranks in the top 7 with a percentage of 58.9\% coverage of TTD provision to adolescent girls. Based on data from the Gowa District Health Service in 2021, it shows that the number of coverage for taking blood-added tablets among young women is 57\% of the accumulated achievements of 26 health centers, where the health center with the lowest number of coverage for taking blood-added tablets is one of the Kanjilo Community Health Centers with an achievement of 18\% of 1239 targets targets. Youth Integrated Healthcare Center with a peer-group approach allows for continuous interaction between peer educators and their peers so that the delivery of information is more intensive. This research aims to determine the effect of peer group empowerment to increase adolescent behavior in consuming blood supplement tablets at the Youth Integrated Healthcare Center, Barombong District, Gowa Regency. Methods: This research uses a quantitative method of quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test group approach. The population in this study were all members of the youth Integrated Healthcare Center in the Kanjilo health center working area, Barombong sub-district, South Sulawesi province, who were divided into two groups, namely the intervention group and the control group, each with 40 people. Results: The results of the study showed that there was a significant effect of peer group empowerment intervention on intention, self-efficacy, knowledge, attitudes, parental support, and teacher support in the intervention group and control group in consuming blood supplement tablets in youth Integrated Healthcare Center with a p-value \< 0.05. Apart from that, the results showed that adolescent Integrated Healthcare Center participants were more disciplined in consuming blood supplement tablets because of peer invitations which made changes in adolescent behavior in a more positive direction. Conclusion: There is a significant influence between the intervention group and the control group before and after being given counseling and peer group empowerment training on adolescent behavior in consuming blood supplement tablets.

}, keywords = {blood supplement tablets, peer groups, Teenagers, youth Integrated Healthcare Center}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.62}, author = {Nurjanna and Muhammad Syafar and Syria and Ridwan M. Thaha and Abdul Salam and Ridwan Amiruddin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2361, title = {Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Durian (Durio Zibethinus murr.) Soya Varieties Against Pathogen Bacteria Escherichia Coli in Raw Drinking Water}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {933-941}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {933}, abstract = {

Introduction: Durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit skin contains antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial content in durian skin (Durio zibethinus) such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols and tannins can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa and Staphylococcus aureus and act as a disinfection agent. This research aims to determine the secondary metabolite compounds and antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Soya durian peel against the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Methods: This type of research is a laboratory experiment, including making Soya durian peel extract using the maceration method using 96\% ethanol solvent. The antibacterial activity test was carried out using the liquid dilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) value and the solid dilution method to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value. Results: Based on qualitative phytochemical screening, Soya durian peel ethanol extract contains secondary metabolite compounds with an average content of 4.24\% alkaloids, 22.95\% flavonoids, 1.74\% saponins, 57.41\% phenols and 2.27\% tannins. Soya durian peel extract has an MIC against E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria of 3.12\%, while the MBC value of Soya durian peel extract against E. coli ATCC 25922 bacteria is 6.25\%. The results of the One Way ANOVA analysis of the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) data have a significant value of 0.00 \< 0.05. The results of the Pearson correlation test (r) showed a significant number of 0.000 (p \< 0.05), the Pearson correlation coefficient between concentration and number of bacterial colonies was (r) = 0.812. This means that the higher the concentration of Soya durian peel ethanol extract given, the less the number of E.coli ATCC 2592 bacterial colonies will be reduced. The results of a simple linear regression test showed that the value of Y = 245.618 {\textendash} 29.016 245,618 colonies and each increase in the concentration of Soya durian peel ethanol extract by 1\% will cause a decrease in the number of bacterial colonies to 29,016 colonies. Conclusion: Soya durian skin extract has antibacterial compounds that can kill pathogenic Escherichia coli bacteria in raw drinking water.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Durian (Durio zibethinus) Soya variety, Escherichia coli, Phytochemicals, raw drinking water.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.151}, author = {Rahwan Ahmad and Ridwan Amiruddin and A.Arsunan Arsin and Stang Stang and Hasanuddin Ishak and Wahiduddin and Gemini Alam and Bambang Wispriyono and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2400, title = {Probabilistic Simulation and Sensitivity of Health Risks from Nickel and Cobalt Deposition Around the Mine}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {1159-1163}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1159}, abstract = {

Background: Mining activities can produce large amounts of heavy metals that are discharged uncontrollably, causing widespread ecosystem pollution. Heavy metal pollution is a serious problem, as heavy metals are toxic and non-degradable, polluting air, water and soil. Although some heavy metals are considered essential for normal physiological functions, concentrations that exceed the prescribed limits can have negative impacts on human health and biota. Exposure to heavy metals can cause toxicity to various tissues, organs and systems such as circulatory, respiratory, endocrine, immune, nervous, urinary and reproductive systems. Due to the differences in toxicity of heavy metals, risk assessment is very important in environmental management. Objective: To describe the probabilistic simulation and sensitivity of health risks due to Nickel and Cobalt deposition around the mine using monte carlo simulation. Methods: The method used in this study was literature review. Data collection was done through searching online databases such as: Pubmed and Science Direct. The keywords used in the article search were "Heavy Metal Toxicity", "Heavy Metal Effects", "Heavy metal risk analysis" and "Monte Carlo Simulation". Inclusion criteria were quantitative or qualitative research, target population was heavy metals Nickel and Cobalt, published in the last 10 years (2013-2023) articles in English and articles in original, fulltext and open access. Exclusion criteria are articles that are not relevant to the topic of discussion. Results: 14 articles were found, of which 3 articles on diseases or health problems caused by nickel, 3 articles on nickel risk analysis, 5 articles on diseases or health problems caused by cobalt, 3 articles on cobalt risk analysis. Conclusion: The environment around the mine shows a high level of toxicity, caused by the presence of heavy metals. This can result in serious environmental pollution and pose a great threat to human health. Chronic exposure to heavy metals can cause various health problems, such as mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, deformation and organ damage.

}, keywords = {Cobalt, Health risk, Heavy metal contamination, Monte Carlo Simulation, Nikel}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.189}, author = {Sherly Wulandari and Anwar Mallongi and Budimawan and Agus Bintara Birawida and Nur Nasry Noor and M. Alimin Maidin} } @article {2306, title = {A Quasi-Experimental One Group Pre-Post Test Design in Air Traffic Controller in Indonesia: Progressive Muscle Relaxation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {638-643}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {638}, abstract = {

Objectives: The effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) in assessing the general health of air traffic controllers (ATC) is still insufficient, specifically when examining the psychological conditions of workers who use questionnaire instruments. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the use of PMR program in ATC by developing a model using biomarkers (saliva) tested on the cocorometer stress diagnostic tool and validity, including observing related determinants in the work environment. Methods: A quasi-experimental method was used, focusing on one group pre-post-test design for 92 respondents across six research areas in Indonesia. All respondents had received training in PMR methods conducted by psychologists. Subsequently, ongoing assistance was provided in implementing relaxation by a trained reminder team for eight weeks to maintain the precision and effectiveness of the intervention. Further analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed rank test to evaluate the success of the intervention. Results: The implementation of PMR program in ATC reduced the incidence of stress levels after the observation. Statistically, the feeling of fatigue was a significant variable that decreased in mean value after the implementation of the relaxation program on the data review. The main benefit of PMR program in improving psychological health conditions (stress) was found in Surabaya branch ATC. Conclusions: The relaxation program was proven to reduce stress levels in ATC, showing an improvement in conditions before and after the implementation of PMR.

}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.100}, author = {Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Istiana Tadjuddin and Iva Hardi Yanti and Nurul Mawaddah Syafitri and Yulianah Rahmadani and Mahfuddin Yusbud and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2318, title = {The Role of Parents in Monitoring the Growth and Development of Toddlers: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {682-686}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {682}, abstract = {

Background: Toddler growth and development are important aspects that are interrelated. Growth is an increase in physical size and body structure while development is an increase in body structure and function in terms of movement, speech, language, socialization, and independence. The first five years of a child{\textquoteright}s life are a time of building learning, social, and emotional skills.1Children who receive stimulation provide good benefits for growth in body weight and mental development.2However, the growth and development of toddlers can experience disorders. The role of parents in monitoring the growth and development of toddlers is very important because it will influence the child{\textquoteright}s behavior as an adult. Applying parenting knowledge to children as early as possible is beneficial for the development of children{\textquoteright}s cognition and socio-emotional behavior.3Parenting is the overall interaction of parents with children that affect children{\textquoteright}s psychological and social.4Parenting groups are effective for increasing children{\textquoteright}s development, especially physical growth. The application of parenting techniques can be a method or way to help parents take better care of their children. Objective: This study aimed to know the methods and implementers that can monitor the growth and development of toddlers. Methods: This systematic review refers to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The databases used to search for articles are Pubmed and Google Scholar. The studies used were assessed using eight criteria from Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). A total of 10 of 45,388 articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Results: The programs for monitoring the growth and development of toddlers using an application is considered more effective for training family independence in preventing disease. Monitoring the growth and development of toddlers can be carried out by health workers, child development agents, researchers, and parents. Conclusion: Parents can be effective implementers of monitoring because they are the closest people and the first for education place to their children. The use of the application is considered very effective for monitoring the growth and development of toddlers.

}, keywords = {Development, Growth, Monitoring, Role of Parents, Toddlers}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.114}, author = {Andi Lis Arming Gandini and A. Ummu Salmah and Stang and A. Arsunan Arsin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2249, title = {Study on Factors that Influence the High Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) of Makassar Ethnic Nurses in LANTO Hospital DG Pasewang Jeneponto in 2024.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {312-318}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {312}, abstract = {

Background: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) is behavior carried out by an employee that exceeds formal work obligations, but has a good impact because it supports organizational effectiveness. Culture value is one of the factors for the high level of organizational citizenship behavior in Makassar ethnic nurses. According to the theory that researchers read, it is not only culture values that are a factor in high OCB. There are several factors that influence OCB, including Workplace Variables, HRM Policies \& Practices, Culture, Contextual Factors, Work Centrality, Org Service Orientation, Org Reputation Threat, Dispositional Variables, Org Commitment, Demographic Variables, Personality Variables, Leader Supportive. Researchers became interested because this research only explored cultural values. Researchers want to look for other factors that influence the high OCB of the Makassar tribe at Lanto Dg Pasewang Jeneponto Regional Hospital so that they can be explored in more depth and become input for hospitals and other organizations. Methods: The type of research carried out is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The informants in the research were 3 key informants consisting of the hospital director, head of nursing and head of the inpatient room and 7 regular informants consisting of several nurses at Lanto Dg Pasewang Jeneponto Regional Hospital. Results: Based on the results of interviews conducted by writers and ethnic Makassar nurses at Lanto Dg Pasewang Jeneponto Regional Hospital, there are several factors that influence the high level of OCB attitudes. Divided into 2 factors, namely internal and external. Internal factors include aspects originating from individual members of the organization, while external factors relate to the organizational environment and culture within it. Internal and external factors are interrelated in increasing OCB. Internal factors include aspects originating from individual members of the organization which include Dispositional Variables, Organizational Service, Organizational Commitment, Personality Variables, and Work Centrality. External factors relate to the organizational environment and culture within it, which include Workplace Variables, HRM Policies \& Practices, Culture Values, Contextual Factors, Organizational Reputation Treats, Demographic Variables, and Leader Supportiveness. Conclusion: These twelve factors influence the high level of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in Makassar ethnic nurses at Lanto Dg Pasewang Jeneponto Regional Hospital.

}, keywords = {Hospitals, Makassar Ethnicity, Nurses, Organizational Citizenship Behavior}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.47}, author = {Sri Yuyun Afrianti and Andi Indahwaty Sidin and Noer Bahry Noor and Syahrir A. Pasinringi and Stang and Ridwan M. Thaha and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2240, title = {Stunting and Family Socio-Cultural Determinant Factors: A Systematic Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {268-275}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {268}, abstract = {

Background: Stunting is a major public health problem in many developing countries including Indonesia and several ethnic groups have a very high prevalence of stunting which is caused by socio-cultural factors in the family. Objective: This study aims to review family social and cultural factors in relation to stunting. Method: This research uses a systematic review using the PRISMA method. There are 5 steps in this method namely determining the literature topic, searching for sources, selecting relevant sources, grouping and analyzing, and summarizing published research articles on family social culture on stunting published between 2018-2022 in the online article databases PubMed, Proquest, Scopus, Google Scholar and Sciencedirect. Data collection techniques by entering keywords in the database, keywords used: family social culture, intervention AND family environment risk of stunting*social demographics OR health education OR family empowerment OR maternal nutritional behavior OR family empowerment AND stunting. Screening consists of title, abstract, year of research, and methods used. Next, sorting the articles according to the predetermined inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria in this study are: (1) Quantitative type of research with primary data; (2) Contains research results on socio-cultural factors that influence stunting in children; (3) the year the research was published in the last five years (2018-2022), (4) the sample used was families (children), (5) the text of the article was in English. A total of 18 of 1,544 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review material. Results: This study shows that from the 18 selected articles it was found that stunting is caused by socio-cultural and family demographics, family nutritional behavior, and the family environment at risk of stunting. In addition, a model of health education and family empowerment based on family socio-culture was obtained. Conclusion: This study found that family social culture is a significant determinant of stunting.Therefore, further research needs to be carried out to complete our understanding of the complexity of the stunting problem.

}, keywords = {Family Behavior, Health Education, Social Culture, Stunting}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.39}, author = {Henniyati Harahap and Aminuddin Syam and Sukri Palutturi and Muhammad Syafar and Anto J. Hadi and Haslinah Ahmad and Hapiz Arlanda Sani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2233, title = {Test of Antihyperuricemia Activity of Methanol Extract of Plantain Peel (Musa Paradisiaca Var. Sapientum) Against Caffeine- Induced Mice (Mus Musculus)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {226-230}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {226}, abstract = {

Background: Hyperuricemia occurs when serum uric acid levels rise above the normal range, typically exceeding 7.0 mg/dl for adults and 6.0 mg/dl for women. This condition can lead to various health issues, including gout, kidney stones, and renal failure. Objective: This study aims to verify the effectiveness of the methanol extract from plantain peel (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) in reducing uric acid levels in mice (Mus musculus) and to establish the optimal dosage for maximum efficacy. Materials and Methods: This analytical experimental research utilized a paired sample T-test Pretest-Posttest design. The mice were divided into five groups: a Negative Control of Na.CMC 0.5\%, a Positive Control of allopurinol at 100 mg/kg body weight, and groups receiving plantain peel methanol extract at 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg body weight. Uric acid levels were measured initially, post-caffeine induction on day 7, and post-extract induction on day 14. Results: The study found that plantain peel methanol extract exhibited an anti-hyperuricemic effect in male mice. Among the dosages tested, 400 mg/kg body weight of the plantain peel methanol extract was the most effective in reducing uric acid levels, followed by the 200 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg doses. Conclusion: Plantain peel methanol extract is effective in reducing uric acid levels in male mice, with 400 mg/kg being the most efficacious dosage. This suggests potential for further exploration of plantain peels as a treatment for hyperuricemia.

}, keywords = {Anti-hyperuricemic effect, Hyperuricemia, Methanol extract, Mus musculus, Optimal dosage, Plantain peel, Uric acid levels}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.32}, author = {Ratna Umi Nurlila and Jumarddin La Fua and Toto Surianto S and Titi Purnama and Muh Ikhsan Idrus and Armayani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2401, title = {Testing the Effectiveness of Anti-Aging Cream Preparations with Snakefish Extract (Channa Striata)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {1164-1169}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1164}, abstract = {

Background: Skin aging is caused by dry, rough, scaly, less elastic skin with wrinkles and fold lines. Snakehead fish extract has high antioxidant activity so it can be used as an active ingredient in antiaging cosmetics. Objective: The aim of this research was to see the effectiveness of snakehead fish extract cream as an anti-aging agent. Methods: This research method includes formulating snakehead fish extract cream preparations with various concentrations including: 2.5\% (F1), 5\% (F2), 7.5\% (F3), 10\% (F4), evaluating the physical preparations in the form of: organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, stability test, irritation test on volunteer skin, and anti-aging effectiveness test on volunteer skin for 4 weeks with 3 parameter tests, namely water content, pores and wrinkles. Results: The results of the study showed that there were changes that occurred in the volunteers as seen in the measurements of water content, pores and wrinkles on the volunteers{\textquoteright} faces. A good increase in changes was found in the F4 formula (10\%) in the wrinkle parameter test, namely 26.80\%. The number of wrinkles in volunteers from some wrinkles to few wrinkles. The conclusion of this research shows that snakehead fish extract ( Channa striata ) can be formulated in the form of a homogeneous cream dosage with a pH of 5.8 {\textendash} 6.7, and is stable when stored for 12 weeks at room temperature and does not cause skin irritation. Conclusions: There are differences in the results of each concentration of snakehead fish extract cream in influencing anti-aging effectiveness. The best concentration of 10\% snakehead fish extract showed better results compared to other creams in reducing the number of wrinkles on volunteers{\textquoteright} facial skin.

}, keywords = {Anti-Aging Cream, Formula, Snakehead Fish Extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.190}, author = {Cory Linda Futri Harahap and Hakim Soleh Harahap and Susi Yanti and Elmi Sariani and Anto J. Hadi and Nefonavratilova Ritonga and Haslinah Ahmad and Hapiz Arlanda Sani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2364, title = {Training Methods of Basic Life Support in Laypeople to Prevent Death Due to Cardiac Arrest: Scoping Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {953-959}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {953}, abstract = {

Introduction: Most major deaths worldwide are caused by cardiac arrest outside the home. Cardiac arrest is a fatal event and is still a major topic of public health. One effort that can be made to increase community knowledge and skills is to provide Basic Life Support (BLS) training using interesting methods. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify methods of BLS training in laypeople to prevent death from heart attacks. Methods: We conducted a Scoping Review to identify BLS training methods in the community with a search process using appropriate populations, concepts, and contexts. The databases used for article searches are Science Direct, SAGE, PlosOne, Pubmed, NCBI, and Google Scholar. The selection process was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method and conducting a Critical Appraisal using The Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Results: From 2,996, 11 articles were selected in this review. Some of the training methods that can be carried out are in-person training, using mobile applications, CPR videos, and Virtual reality compression. Conclusion: The BLS training methods can be used to increase the knowledge and skills of ordinary people.

}, keywords = {Basic Life Support, Laypeople., Training}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.154}, author = {Alamsyah and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Syamsiar S. Russeng and A. Arsunan Arsin and Ridwan Amiruddin and Muh. Tahir Abdullah and Anwar Mallongi and Tut Handayani} } @article {2131, title = {Accessibility of Mother and Child Health Services to Stunting Incidence in Leti Island, Southwest Maluku District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {856-860}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {856}, abstract = {

One of the nutritional problems that can worsen the quality of life of children in achieving growth and development is stunting. Stunting receives greater attention than other nutritional statuses because in addition to a higher prevalence it can also indicate something more serious than just short body size. This type of research is a quantitative study that uses analytic observational with a case control study design to see the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling with a total sample of 164 people, 82 people in the case group and 82 people in the control group. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect between exclusive breastfeeding and health services on the incidence of stunting, while for the basic immunization variable there is no effect on the incidence of stunting. Meanwhile, based on the multivariate test, it was found that the variable that had the most influence on the incidence of stunting was health services. As for suggestions for this research, it is hoped that the Health Service will further improve health services to monitor the growth of toddlers and for mothers of toddlers to visit health services regularly.

}, keywords = {Growth., Health Services, Mother, Stunting, Toddlers}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.164}, author = {Apia Unmehopa and Sukri Palutturi and Indar and Muhammad Alwy Arifin and Yahya Thamrin and Stang and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2075, title = {Aedes Sp. Mosquito Resistance and the Effectiveness of Biolarvicides on Dengue Vector Mortality}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {541-546}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {541}, abstract = {

Until now, dengue fever is still a public health problem in Indonesia. To control mosquito vectors, various strategic approaches have been promoted such as chemical control, biological control, resource reduction and public education. The four main classes that are widely used for mosquito control are organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. A literature study was conducted to determine the extent of Aedes aegypti resistance to several insecticides in several countries including Indonesia. This study also reviewed the effectiveness of biolarvicides on the mortality of Aedes sp. All research that has been done in the last 10 years is included in this topic. In Brazil, Sri Lanka, China and Peru, there have been reports of resistance to Aedes sp. against delthamethrin, pyrethroid and temephos insecticides. Meanwhile in Indonesia (Semarang, Surabaya, Banten, DKI Jakarta, North Sumatra, Jambi, Bandung, Bogor, Makassar and Palu), Aedes sp. resistance occurs to insecticides of the pyrethroid, temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and permethrin groups. Continuous monitoring of mosquito vector resistance status is very important in the effectiveness of dengue fever control. In addition, research on plants that can be used as biolarvicides is very useful for alternative control and improving public health. This review also provides better insight into the effectiveness of laboratory-tested plants as larvicides and plans for further research to be applicable to the community.

}, keywords = {Aedes sp mosquito, Biolarvicides., Dengue fever, Insecticide resistance}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.116}, author = {Bambang Dwicahya and A. Arsunan Arsin and Hasanuddin Ishak and Firdaus Hamid and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2020, title = {Analysis Factors Affecting the Utilization of Antiretroviral Treatment Services in HIV Patients in Ambon City Puskesmas}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {424-428}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {424}, abstract = {

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a collection of symptoms that arise due to decreased immunity caused by HIV infection. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of virus that infects white blood cells which causes a decrease in human immunity. Efforts are being made at this time for people with HIV namely Antiretroviral treatment (ARV). This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the utilization of ARV treatment services in HIV patients at the Ambon City Health Center. This type of research is a quantitative analytic study with a cross sectional design. Respondents in this study were obtained using the Isaac and Michael method of 156 HIV patients from the Waihaong Health Center and Karpan Health Center in Ambon City using a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out using SPSS and for data analysis using statistical tests using descriptive statistical tests, comparative analysis tests and multivariate analysis tests. The results showed that there was no effect of knowledge on the use of ARV treatment in HIV patients at the Ambon City Health Center. Furthermore, there is an influence on the patient{\textquoteright}s actions, access distance, and peer and community support on the use of ARV treatment in HIV patients at the Ambon City Health Center. The action variable and access distance are the variables that have the strongest influence compared to the other variables.

}, keywords = {AIDS, ARV, HIV, Puskesmas, Utilization}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.66}, author = {Faradila Kilkoda and Balqis and Indar and Darmawansyah and Atjo Wahyu and Anwar Daud and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2076, title = {Analysis of Determinants of Midwife Performance in Antenatal Care Services in Allang Care Health Centers Central Maluku District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {547-552}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {547}, abstract = {

Antenatal care (ANC) is an important part of health care for pregnant women. Several studies conducted in high-income countries have shown that antenatal care can improve the care experience and health outcomes for pregnant women and newborns. This study aims to analyze the performance determinants of midwives in antenatal care services at the Allang Nursing Health Center, Central Maluku Regency. This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional study approach. Respondents in this study were obtained by taking the entire population of 23 people using a questionnaire. Data processing was carried out using SPSS and for data analysis using statistical tests using univariate analysis tests, bivariate analysis tests and multivariate analysis tests. The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between age, employee status and years of service to the performance of midwives in ANC services at the Allang Health Center, Central Maluku Regency and there is no relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards the performance of midwives in ANC services at Allang Health Center, Central Maluku Regency. Suggestions from this study are for the Office of Health and Midwives in Central Maluku District Provide policies in managing human resources for midwives with non-permanent employee status, with incentive arrangements that can improve performance in ANC services and carry out Antenatal care services with full sense of responsibility and seriously bearing in mind that the services provided are related to the scope of the Maternal and Child Health program to be achieved.

}, keywords = {Antenatal Care, Child health., Health Center, Pregnant women}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.117}, author = {Josina Hattu and Darmawansyah and Amran Razak and Sukri Palutturi and Anwar Mallongi and Syamsiar S Russeng} } @article {2129, title = {Analysis of Factors Affecting Exclusive Breast Milk in The Work Area of Waru Puskesmas East Seram Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {846-850}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {846}, abstract = {

At present exclusive breastfeeding is decreasing, the causes of the decline in exclusive breastfeeding are factors of lack of knowledge, social culture, awareness of the importance of breastfeeding, health services, health workers who have not fully supported, and the incessant promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. The low percentage of breastfeeding is probably due to the many factors that cause breastfeeding failure, both internal factors (mother{\textquoteright}s knowledge, mother{\textquoteright}s education, mother{\textquoteright}s occupation, and mother{\textquoteright}s disease) and external factors (promotional infant formula, birth attendants) which cause failure in breastfeeding for 6 months. This study aims to determine the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding to infants in the work area of the Waru Health Center, East Seram District. This type of research is quantitative research with an analytic observational design with a cross-sectional study to see the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable and observations at the same time. The sampling technique in this study was simple random sampling with a total sample of 81 mothers. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence between employment status and the support of health workers with exclusive breastfeeding, while for the variables of maternal pregnancy distance and knowledge, there is no effect with exclusive breastfeeding. Suggestions for health workers are to improve communication, information, and education. The advice for breastfeeding mothers is to further increase knowledge related to lactation and family support is needed.

}, keywords = {Exclusive breastfeeding, Infants, Puskesmas.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.162}, author = {Sukmawati Rumakur and Muhammad Alwy Arifin and Darmawansyah and Balqis and Furqaan Naiem and Suriah and Anwar Mallongi and Muh. Yusri Abadi} } @article {2125, title = {Analysis of Factors Affecting the Behavior of Exclusive Breastfeeding in the Work Area of Werwaru Puskesmas Moa Lakor District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {829-832}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {829}, abstract = {

Exclusive breastfeeding is not only the best food for babies, but is important for the health of breastfeeding mothers and provides optimal growth for babies. Exclusive breastfeeding for babies aged 0 to 6 months and continued until the child is 2 years old can encourage healthy growth and development. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding behavior in the working area of the Werwaru Health Center, Moa Lakor District. This type of research is a quantitative analytic study with a cross sectional design. Respondents in this study were obtained using the proportional sampling method as many as 73 toddlers aged 6-24 months from the Werwaru Health Center, Moa Lakor District, which consisted of 6 villages (Werwaru, Klis, Pakty, Upyour, Syota, and Comfort) using a questionnaire and measuring instruments. anthropometry. Data processing was carried out using SPSS and for data analysis using statistical tests using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis tests. The results showed that internal factors that had an effect partially were knowledge while simultaneously namely perceptions of exclusive breastfeeding behavior in the Working Area of the Werwaru Health Center, Moa Lakor District. Meanwhile, external factors that have a partial effect are work and those that have a simultaneous effect are the support of the closest people to the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding in the Working Area of the Werwaru Health Center, Moa Lakor District. Suggestions for the government of Southwest Maluku Regency through the Werwaru Health Center, Moa Lakor District, to be able to improve the exclusive breastfeeding program by disseminating information on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding in the morning for pregnant and lactating women so that mothers{\textquoteright} knowledge increases.

}, keywords = {Exclusive breastfeeding, Health centers., Toddlers}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.158}, author = {Magdalena Akse and Indar and Amran Razak and Balqis and Wahiduddin and Syamsuar Manyullei and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2126, title = {Analysis of Knowledge and Skills of Cadres in Early Detection of Stunting Toddler Development in Soppeng Regency, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {833-838}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {833}, abstract = {

Background: About 16\% of Indonesian toddlers experience neuro developmental and brain disorders ranging from mild to severe, every two days 1,000 babies experience motor development disorders. The prevalence of stunting in South Sulawesi is in the 20th lowest ranking, namely 27.4\% based on the provincial level in 2021. Objective: Recognizing the increased knowledge and skill of cadre and mothers and toddlers in early development detection of stunted infants using a Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (DPQ) in the working area of the Panincong Health Center, Soppeng Regency. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group involving 30 cadres and 30 mothers with 15 children in each group selected by systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and Independent t-tests. Results: The results showed that there were differences in knowledge (p=0.000) in the intervention group and differences in knowledge levels in the control group (p=0.044). The level of knowledge after treatment was greater in the intervention group (11.8\%), while the knowledge after treatment in the control group was only (2.9\%). There was a difference in the skills of the cadres (p=0.000) after being given the Android-based DPQ intervention. There was a difference in the knowledge (p=0.000) and skills of toddler mothers (p=0.000) after being given the Android-based DPQ intervention applied by the cadres. Conclusion: Android-based DPQ is effective as an educational medium and as an alternative to cadres and parents in monitoring or early detection of child development using Android-based DPQ.

}, keywords = {Cadre, Development Disorders, Questionnaire., Stunting, Survey}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.159}, author = {Hasriani and Andi Ummu Salmah and Masni and Apik Indarty Moedjiono and Healthy Hidayanty and Wahiduddin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2032, title = {Analysis of Performance Determinants of Health Laboratory Officers in Health Laboratory Centers and Medical Device Calibration in Maluku Province}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {285-289}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {285}, abstract = {

The Center for Health Laboratories and Medical Devices Calibration has the task of planning, coordinating implementation and evaluation of clinical laboratory examinations/public health laboratories, referrals, education, technical training, research and development. Performance is the result achieved by someone according to the standards that apply to a particular job. There are several factors that influence the performance of officers, both individually and in organizations, namely the dimensions of performance, namely ability, motivation and opportunities. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the performance of the staff at the Maluku Provincial Health Laboratory and Medical Device Calibration Center based on factors related to work, related to opportunities, related to infrastructure and related to officers. This type of research is a quantitative research with a survey method to obtain data from the field based on the existing population with a total sample of 56 people. Data processing is done using SPSS. The results showed that the opportunity factor and staff factor had a significant influence on the performance of the staff at the Maluku Province Health Laboratory and Medical Equipment Calibration Center, while the factors that did not give an effect were infrastructure and work factors. Suggestions for related agencies, namely the Health Service must provide motivation, work autonomy, workload according to ability, carry out work effectively and efficiently, communicate regarding access and availability of medical devices and must be able to strengthen the activeness of officers in carrying out tasks with supervision that does not interfere with autonomy health worker job.

}, keywords = {Equipment, Laboratory Hall, Laboratory Officer, Medical devices., Performance}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.76}, author = {Herlyn De Fretes and Darmawansyah and Muhammad Alwy Arifin and Amran Razak and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Ummu Salmah and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2132, title = {Analysis of Policy Implementation of Minimum Service Standards for Hypertension in Marusu Health Center Maros District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {861-867}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {861}, abstract = {

The Minimum Service Standards (SPM) in the health sector are a reference for Regency/City. Regional Governments in the provision of Health Services that every citizen is entitled to receive at a minimum. The MSS for Hypertension health services is one of the types and quality of basic services in the MSS in the health sector. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the MSS for hypertension services at the Marusu Health Center, Maros Regency. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative which aims to get an in-depth description of the analysis of the implementation of the minimum service standard for hypertension at the Marusu Health Center. The results of the study show that communication has not run optimally, the SPM Hypertension policy contained in PMK No. 4 of 2019 has not been transmitted to the public as a policy target. Human resources are still inadequate and have a double workload so that the achievements are not optimal. Disposition has been going pretty well. commitment and implementation support are quite good, has carried out coordination and commitment involving cross-programs and related cross-sectors. The bureaucratic structure is already running quite well. The implementation mechanism has been running according to the SOP with the guidelines of the Minister of Health Regulation No. 4 of 2019. The implementation of the SPM for hypertension services at the Marusu Health Center has been going quite well. It is hoped that the Maros District Health Office and the Marusu Health Center will improve the aspects of communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure in their implementation.

}, keywords = {Commitment., Hypertension, Minimum services, Policy implementation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.165}, author = {Wafika Aziza Nasir and Sukri Palutturi and Alwy Arifin and Balqis and Wahiduddin and Anwar Daud and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2048, title = {Analysis of Policy Implementation of The First 1000 Days of Life Program in Overcoming Stunting in Maros District}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {405-410}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {405}, abstract = {

Stunting is closely related to the first 1000 Days of Life. This 1000 HPK period starts from pregnancy until the age of 2 years. The aim of the study was to analyze the implementation of the First 1000 Days of Life program policy in Stunting Management in Maros Regency. This study uses a qualitative panel research method with a descriptive approach. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Interviews were conducted with 9 informants in several agencies, including 3 key informants and 6 regular informants. Research result: Communication between Organizations and Executing Activities (The process of conveying information about the 1000 HPK program in tackling stunting is carried out in the form of good socialization). Resources (Almost fulfilled in carrying out the 1000 HPK program but the capacity of human resources is still inadequate in this case the understanding and availability of budgets sourced from APBD funds and APBN funds). Characteristics of the Executing Agency (There is an SOP for the implementation of 1000 HPK. In the distribution of tasks and responsibilities to all policy implementers of the 1000 HPK program contained in the SK so that each cross-sector coordinate with each other. Disposition of Executors (Executors have played an active role and have a commitment for the success of the 1000 HPK program). Conclusion: Socialization activities have not gone well; several agencies are still experiencing a shortage of human resources both in quantity and quality and experiencing budget shortages resulting in inadequate facilities. In implementing the 1000 HPK program policies, several agencies used the SOP as a procedure for implementing the program as well as the division of tasks and responsibilities based on the Decree of the Maros Regent. Special suggestions for the health office to pay more attention to and have a high commitment to the nutritional status of children by ensuring specific nutrition interventions and sensitive nutrition interventions are right at the location of the village and at the right target group.

}, keywords = {First 1000 Days of Life, Policy, Stunting.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.92}, author = {Andi Sri Fifi Wahyuni Azis and Darmawansyah and Amran Razak and Alwy Arifin and Muh Syafar and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2196, title = {Analysis of Policy Recommendations in Efforts to Control Positive COVID-19 Cases in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1230-1235}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1230}, abstract = {

Introduction: Inconsistent COVID-19 policies have caused the government to experience a degradation in public trust. So, it is necessary to propose policy recommendations for controlling positive COVID-19 cases that receive support from various multi-sectoral areas. Method: This research was conducted in January{\textendash}May 2023. This type of research is qualitative-exploratory, using case study methods through indepth interviews and literature studies of all informants. Sampling was purposive sampling. This research variable uses Patton and Sawicki{\textquoteright}s alternative policy criteria theory (1986). Results: The proposed policy recommendations are increasing COVID-19 vaccine coverage and surveillance for monitoring coronavirus mutations. The two policy recommendations have met technical feasibility because they have clear outcomes, where the outcome of vaccination is to establish herd immunity. In contrast, surveillance of coronavirus mutations has the outcome of analyzing the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine. From the economic and financial possibility side, a budget is available with the advantage of carrying out normal activities without any restrictions and efficiency in the health budget. Regarding political viability, the government supports the policy, does not violate the rules, and serves the community{\textquoteright}s needs. Regarding administrative operability, the government as the authorized party is considered to have adequate capability, organizational support, and institutional commitment. Conclusion: The policy recommendations proposed by policymakers and epidemiology experts are increasing COVID-19 vaccination coverage and monitoring surveillance of coronavirus mutations, and it is hoped that the South Sulawesi Provincial Government can consider the proposed policy recommendations.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Health Policy, Policy Analysis, Surveillance, Vaccination}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.223}, author = {Sri Nuriana and Balqis and Sukri Palutturi and Indar and Yahya Thamrin and Stang and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2157, title = {Analysis of the Influence of Internal and External Factors on Empowered Pregnant Women Through the Behavior of Pregnant Women in Early Detection of Pregnancy Complications}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1029-1035}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1029}, abstract = {

Objective: Maternal health is still one of the health problems globally, including in Indonesia. Empowering women that allows someone in making decisions about themselves to detect pregnancy complications. This study aims to analyze the influence of internal and external factors on empowered pregnant women through the behavior of pregnant women in conducting early detection of pregnancy complications [KOMPAK] in Bogor Regency. Method: Village in study is an analytical survey with a cross sectional study approach, which takes data related to internal factors (age, education, and parity) and external factors (husband support, family support, community support, and health worker support), behavior (knowledge, attitudes and motivation), and empowered pregnant women. It was analyzed using the spearman correlation test and path analysis with a confidence level of 95\%. The data was analyzed using the SPSS program version 26.0. Results: internal factors that influence empowered pregnant women in Conducting Early Detection of Pregnancy Complications [KOMPAK] in Bogor Regency are education (r: 0.194; p\<0.001) and parity (r: -0.108; p: 0.044) which means that the higher the education and the less parity, the better empowered pregnant women will be with weak correlation strength. External factors affect Empowered Pregnant Women in Early Detection of Pregnancy Complications [KOMPAK] in Bogor Regency where external factors (husband support, family support, culture and community support, and health worker and government support) will cause empowered pregnant women to be better with moderate correlation strength (r: 0.537-0.645; p\< 0.001). Conclusion: Internal factors (education and parity) and external factors (husband support, family support, culture and community support, and health worker and government support) affect (empowered pregnant women in early detection of pregnancy complications. External factors also influence pregnant women through maternal behavior (knowledge, attitudes, and motivations).

}, keywords = {Behavior, Empowered pregnant women, External factors, Internal factors}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.189}, author = {Bintang Petralina and Ridwan Amiruddin and Wahiduddin and Irwandy and Anwar Mallongi and Ummu Salmah and Suriah and Evi Martha} } @article {2046, title = {Analysis of The Influence of The Marketing Mix on The Satisfaction of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Miletus Installation at Hajj General Hospital, Makassar}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {395-399}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {395}, abstract = {

Marketing mix is a set of marketing tools used by companies to achieve marketing objectives. The marketing mix consists of nine components, namely product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence, performance, and strength. This study aims to determine the effect of the marketing mix on patient satisfaction with type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatient installations in public hospital in the Hajj area of Makassar, the type of research used was an analytical survey with a quantitative approach using cross sectional. The sample in this study was type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the inpatient installation at the Hajj area general hospital as many as 81 people who were obtained by the probability sampling method, collecting data using a questionnaire instrument. Processing data using the Chi-Square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Based on the results of the study, there is an influence between the process (Process). Promotion, Place, and Power on patient satisfaction with type 2 diabetes mellitus in inpatient installations. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant variable was placed (exp β = 19,093). The conclusion of several influential variables that are most related to patient satisfaction with the marketing mix, namely the place variable, which is the most important factor in patient satisfaction. It is hoped that the Haji Makassar Hospital will pay more attention to the services needed by the community in general, especially the location in terms of the number of rooms, parking and waiting rooms that are more adequate.

}, keywords = {Place, Power, Price, Process, Product, Promotion, Satisfaction.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.90}, author = {Suci Safwa Salsabila and Indar and Darmawansyah and Amran Razak and Syamsuar Manyullei and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2086, title = {Cadre Interventions on Health Outcomes of Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trial}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {697-702}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {697}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a disease that can cause complications in various organs of the body. There needs to be a strategic effort to improve the health outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients. Research studies show that cadres are able to become liaisons between patients and health care providers and make a positive contribution to the surrounding community. This systematic study aimed to review studies on cadre interventions on health outcomes of diabetes mellitus patients. Methods: The literature search was carried out on the online databases of PubMed, Proquest, and Google Scholar journals published in the range of 2015 {\textendash} 2021. The keywords used included community health worker, intervention, health outcomes, and diabetes mellitus. Meanwhile, the literature criteria used included journal articles, peer-reviewed, written in English, and research studies with the Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design. Result: Based on the results of a review of 15 selected articles, it was found that the overall interventions carried out were providing education, counseling, and group classes. Other activities include home visits, goal setting and action plans, diabetes mellitus diaries, and follow-up phone calls. There were interventions carried out by cadres, in partnership with health care providers and academic partners, involving peers of diabetes mellitus patients and culturally relevant community resources. Conclusion: The results of the review showed that almost all articles found changes in metabolic control, behavior, and psychosocial of diabetes mellitus patients as a result of the interventions. Therefore, there needs to conduct subsequent studies on the effect of cadre interventions on the prevention of disease complications both macrovascular and microvascular.

}, keywords = {Cadres, Diabetes mellitus, Health outcomes., Intervention, Roles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.139}, author = {Tini and Darmawansyah and Ridwan Amiruddin and Masni and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2009, title = {Child Survival Strategies on the Growth and Development of Infants Aged 0-6 Months in Makassar City (A Study on Employed and Unemployed Mothers)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {359-364}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {359}, abstract = {

The South Sulawesi Provincial Government, through the health Office, stated that South Sulawesi currently has a fairly high infant mortality rate. From January to September 2018, a total of 870 infants died. According to these data, the highest mortality rate was recorded in Bone District. High maternal and neonatal mortality rates have a major impact on families and communities. Therefore, it is highly expected that women{\textquoteright}s participation as housewives will directly determine the survival of their infants. This study aims to determine the effect of child survival strategies (CSS) on the growth and development of infants of employed and unemployed mothers aged 0-6 months. It is an observational study with a case-control design. This study involved employed and unemployed mothers who had infants aged 0-6 months. The sample was determined by the simple random sampling method in the case and control groups. The Data was collected through interviews using a questionnaire and then analyzed statistically. This study is expected to provide input for the Indonesian Government (Health Office) as a consideration in formulating policies to reduce infant mortality rates, especially in South Sulawesi. The results indicated a significant correlation between mothers{\textquoteright} occupations and their infants{\textquoteright} fine motor skill development category (p \< 0.05 or = 0.033). The anthropometry of infants of employed and unemployed mothers indicated no significant differences, both in terms of age, body weight, and body length (with p \> 0.05). There was a significant correlation between mothers{\textquoteright} occupations and their infants{\textquoteright} fine motor skill development category. The infants of employed mothers tend to have good fine motor skill development than those of unemployed mothers. The percentage of growth and development of other infants that fall into the good category was found to be higher in employed mothers than in unemployed mothers, although it was not statistically significant. Employed mothers have better CSS than unemployed mothers, although it is not statistically significant.

}, keywords = {Child Survival Strategies, Growth and Development, Infants}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.55}, author = {Arifin Seweng and Nurbaeti and Ella Andayani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2091, title = {Community Empowerment with Independent Larva Monitor in Reducing the Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Incidence, in Sidrap Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {622-625}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {622}, abstract = {

Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of developing a community empowerment model through independent larva monitor with an overlap in controlling dengue disease incidence in Sidrap Regency. Methods: This study used a mix-method conducted in Tanete Village. The number of samples for quantitative data was 70 respondents, and the qualitative data was 12 informants. Data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussions, observations, and interviews. The data were analyzed using the McNemar test. Results: The results showed that the behavior of the people affected by dengue fever is people who do not maintain the cleanliness of their environment, litter, and people{\textquoteright}s habits do not routinely drain water tanks, and drinking places for livestock become mosquito shelters. The results of dengue counseling showed a significant difference between people{\textquoteright}s behavior related to dengue fever disease before and after counseling. Most people stated that explanations related to how to make and the process of making ovitrap were easy to do. They were interested in making their own because they used materials that were easy to find at home. In addition, the community has been obedient in implementing independent romantic programs. The results of overlap observations show that simple overlap can trap mosquitoes. Conclusion: The development of empowerment models through independent larva monitor can be used to prevent and control dengue disease.

}, keywords = {Community Empowerment, Dengue fever, Independent Larva Monitor, Ovitrap}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.129}, author = {A. Arsunan Arsin and Ridwan Amiruddin and Dian Saputra Marzuki and Rezki Elisafitri and Basir and Anwar Mallongi and Aisyah and Ahmad Yani} } @article {2154, title = {Comparison of Hb Levels Given Iron Supplements with and Without Vitamin B12 to Anemia Female Industrial Workers in Surakarta Residency Area}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1010-1015}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1010}, abstract = {

Objective: The research objective was to analyze the comparison of Hb levels given iron supplements with and without vitamin B12 in female industrial workers who experience anemia. Method: The study used an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. The research respondents were female industrial workers who experienced anemia in the Surakarta Residency Area. The sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling. The number of samples was 33 respondents divided into a treatment group of 17 respondents and a treatment group of 16 respondents. Results: There was no significant difference in hemoglobin levels in the control group and the treatment group as indicated by a p\>0.05. The results of the paired t-test statistic showed that there was a significant change in hemoglobin levels in the treatment group (0,96 {\textpm} 0,40) p 0,000 (p\<0,05). Conclusion: Giving iron supplementation to anemic women workers can increase hemoglobin levels. Handling of anemia in female workers can be done by making iron supplementation programs and policies in all companies that employ female workers.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Iron Deficiency, Iron Supplements, Vitamin B12, Women Industrial Workers}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.186}, author = {Niken Pratiwi and Rutmauli Hutagaol and Marwansyah and Muhammad Pahruddin and Erna Fauziah and Parellangi and Anwar Mallongi and Sukri Palutturi} } @article {2019, title = {Development of Patient Safety Management Learning Model Based on Problem Based Learning Integrated Soft Skill Higher Level Thinking for Health Students in Samarinda}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {418-423}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {418}, abstract = {

Background: Nursing students who participate in clinical practice in hospitals are not ready to provide quality care in maximizing patient safety. This study aims to develop a Problem Based Learning Patient Safety (PBLPS) conceptual model design that stimulates high-level thinking soft skills for students and finds PBLPS learning tools. Method: Research and Development (R\&D), which is a research method that aims to produce new products through a development process. The stages of the research method consist of 3 stages, namely: the preliminary study stage; model development stage; model testing stage. The research subjects were nursing students at tertiary institutions in Samarinda city who had taken patient safety management courses, totaling 162 people. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Patient safety goals have not been implemented properly by students who practice clinical practice in hospitals. Students state that case-based learning can improve both hard skills and soft skills. The design of the integrated Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and the integrated PBLPS learning tools developed are RPS and integrated PBL-based modules on patient safety management. The results of the analysis of the soft skills assessment of high-level thinking students who practice in hospitals in the first year and the second-year show that there are differences in the results of the assessment of high-level thinking soft skills in the application of patient safety. Conclusion: The Problem Based Learning Patient Safety (PBLPS) conceptual model can stimulate high-order thinking soft skills for students in patient safety management practices in hospitals.

}, keywords = {Patient Safety, Problem Based Learning, Soft skills.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.65}, author = {Hilda and Supriadi and Hesti Prawita Widiastuty and Arsyawina and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2194, title = {Does Land-Use Associate with Escherichia coli Pollution in Karst Springs? A Review of the Literature}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1250-1253}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1250}, abstract = {

Objective: The presence of Escherichia coli bacteria in karst springs, influenced by land cover conditions and land use activities in rainwater catchment areas, indicates a decrease in water quality. The study aimed to describe the effect of land use on Escherichia coli contamination in karst springs. Methods: This was a narrative review retrieving studies from Scopus and PubMed databases. The keywords used are pollution, Escherichia coli, land use, and karst springs. Of the 52 studies identified in the search phase, ten studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Results: The concentration of Escherichia coli increases with increasing rainfall in all types of land use, such as forested land, mixed garden land, residential land, and grazing or livestock land. Factors that cause concentration Escherichia coli does not meet water quality standards due to feces from wild animals, feces-contaminated fertilization, construction of non-water impermeable septic tanks, and feces from livestock grazing. Conclusions: Repairing septic tanks and sewage in areas with high population density may reduce Escherichia coli contamination. Further research is needed to formulate strategies and policies for managing springs in the karst areas.

}, keywords = {Escherichia coli, Karst Springs, Land-Use, Pollution}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.226}, author = {Ferdy Salamat and Anwar Daud and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2173, title = {The Effect of Elderly Hadrah Gymnastics on Muscle Strength and Scope of Motion of Lower Extremity Joints in Elderly with Osteoarthritis (Martapura River Region, South Kalimantan)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1126-1131}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1126}, abstract = {

Increased life expectancy (UHH) in Indonesia from 71.7 years in 2016 (Novianty, Nodia, 2018). And it is estimated to increase to 72.2 years in 2035 (BPS, 2016). The implication of increasing the number of elderly people with high UHH is expected to be healthy and productive elderly people and free from diseases and health problems, however, the results of a preliminary study in East Banjarmasin, the number of elderlies is 207 elderly (Posyandu, 2018). And almost 70\% experience health problems such as osteoarthritis, so it is necessary to intervene in the form of Elderly Hadrah Gymnastics (SHL) which can increase muscle strength and scope of joint motion of the Elderly, so that the Elder can live healthy and free from osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SHL on muscle strength and joint range of motion in elderly people with osteoarthritis in the Suburb area, Sungai Martapura Village, South Kalimantan Region. Quasi Experiment research design with The Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design approach, the population of all elderly in the Martapura River area with a total of 110 elderly (Pemko Dinkes, 2016). The research sample was the elderly living in the Martapura watershed who had osteoarthritis, non-random sampling, purposive sampling technique, with a total sample of 68 elderly consisting of the control and treatment groups, each of which was 34 participants. Both groups measured muscle strength and joint range of motion before and after treatment. Data analysis used Paired T-test for paired samples and Independent T-Test for unpaired samples with normal distribution. The results of research show There is an effect of SHL on the Strength of Pelvic and Knee Muscles of the Elderly as well as the effect of SHL on the Scope of Pelvic and Knee Joints in the Elderly. In the elderly who have osteoarthritis, they should do elderly Hadrah Gymnastics regularly at least 2 times a week.

}, keywords = {Elderly Hadrah Gymnastics, Joint Scope, Knee Muscles, Osteoarthritis, Pelvic Muscles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.205}, author = {Bahrul Ilmi and Parellangi and Akhmad Rizani and Hammad and Anwar Mallongi and Sukri Palutturi} } @article {2052, title = {The Effect of Family-Based Empowerment in Preventing Overweight and Obesity in Elementary School Children in Kupang}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {428-434}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {428}, abstract = {

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity continues to increase in both developing and developed countries and occurs in all age groups. As well as being the biggest threat to public health, especially non-communicable diseases. Childhood is the most special period in life. It is almost certain that many health problems/illnesses experienced during this period will be carried on into adulthood. The causes of obesity in children are very complex; genetic, biological, psychosocial, behavioral and sociocultural factors. The impact of overweight and obesity on children is related to physical and psychological effects. Lifestyle modification which includes increasing knowledge, diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, socio-cultural aspects is believed to be a strategy in preventing and controlling overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine the effect of family empowerment on the prevention of overweight and obesity in elementary school children. This research is a quasy experiment that is pre-test and posttest with control group design. Parallel design with one treatment group and one control group. The sample is determined by purposive random sampling. The research sample was overweight/obese children in elementary school grades 4, 5 and 6, totaling 112 people. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire covering family abilities, knowledge, physical activity and nutritional intake. Nutritional status was measured after measuring body weight and height using digital scales. Eating patterns were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour recall formula. Results: The results showed that there were differences in family ability (p\<0.016), knowledge (p\<0.001), physical activity (p\<0.015) and nutritional intake (p\<0.000) in the treatment group and the control group after implementing the family empowerment intervention. Conclusion: Family-centered empowerment interventions through health education about overweight and obesity management have a positive impact on increasing family capacity, family knowledge, physical activity and changes in family eating patterns. It is necessary to implement lifestyle modifications in preventing and controlling overweight and obesity. Family-centered empowerment interventions through health education about overweight and obesity management have a positive impact on increasing family capacity, family knowledge, physical activity and changes in family eating patterns. It is necessary to implement lifestyle modifications in preventing and controlling overweight and obesity. Family-centered empowerment interventions through health education about overweight and obesity management have a positive impact on increasing family capacity, family knowledge, physical activity and changes in family eating patterns. It is necessary to implement lifestyle modifications in preventing and controlling overweight and obesity.

}, keywords = {Elementary School Children., Empowerment, Family, Obesity, Overweigh}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.96}, author = {Fransiskus Geroda Mado and Nurhaedar Jafar and Masyta Muis and Ida Leida Maria and Muhammad Syafar and Darmawansyah and Muhammad Alwi Arifin and Anwar Mallongi and Toto Sudargo and Agustina} } @article {1999, title = {The Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract Intervention Since Preconception Period on the Prevention of Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {310-314}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {310}, abstract = {

Background: Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance of oxidants and anti-oxidants and is often associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, additional supplementation is needed since the preconception period to prevent oxidative stress and poor pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to examine the effect of supplementing Moringa leaf extract on the prevention of oxidative stress in pregnant women and poor pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This study is an observational study with a prospective cohort study design. The research subjects were third trimester pregnant women consisting of 2 groups, namely the control group who only received Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplements (n = 30) and the group that received moringa leaf extract and IFA supplements (n = 26). Then an examination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker of oxidative stress was carried out using the ELISA (enzyme-link immune sorbent) method, followed by pregnancy outcomes including birth weight and birth length. Data were analyzed by unpaired t test. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of MDA, birth weight and birth length in the two groups with a p value \> 0.05. Nevertheless, MDA level in IFA group was 49.25 nmol/ml higher than Moringa + IFA group which was 47.58 nmol/ml. Likewise, the average of birth weight and birth length in Moringa group were 3042.3 grams and 48.62 cm higher than IFA group which were 2993.7 grams and 48.23 cm. Malondialdehyde levels were also higher in women who had babies with birth weight \< 2500 grams was 49.48 nmol/ml and birth length \< 48 cm was 49.13 nmol/l compared to birth weight >= 2500 grams was 48.50 nmol/ml and birth length >= 48 cm was 48.62 nmol/ml but there was no significant difference in the two groups (p\>0.05). Conclusion: Oxidative stress in pregnant women tends to be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Moringa leaf extract supplementation since preconception can prevent increased oxidative stress and improve pregnancy outcomes.

}, keywords = {Malondialdehyde, Moringa oleifera, Oxidative stress, Pregnancy outcomes.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.45}, author = {Rahma and Veni Hadju and A. Arsunan Arsin and Aminuddin Syam and Anwar Mallongi and Abd. Farid Lewa and Haerani Harun and Miranti} } @article {1995, title = {The Effect of Preconcenption Moringa Leaf Extract Supplementation on Cotinine Serum Levels in Pregnant Women Exposed to Tobacco Smoke}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {290-293}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {290}, abstract = {

Background: Moringa oleifera is known for its nutrition content, antioxidant and medical benefit. Tobacco smoke contains various toxic substance and can affect the pregnancy. To reduce the tobacco smoke effect on pregnancy outcome good nutrition is needed. Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of Moringa leaf extract on serum cotinine levels in pregnant women exposed to second-hand tobacco smoke. Method: This is an observational study with a prospective cohort study design the study population was pregnant women which were divided by 2 groups, first group received IFA supplements only (n = 30) and the second group receive IFA and Moringa leaf extract supplements (n = 26). The tobacco smoke exposure data collected with questionnaire, and cotinine serum by blood sample. The tobacco smoke exposure and cotinine serum levels were compered between the two groups. Results: The tobacco smoke exposures at home were higher in MO+IFA group pregnant women then the IFA group pregnant women (p\<0,05). The cotinine serum levels in both groups were found not significantly different (p=0,535). These results indicate that pregnant woman with high exposure of tobacco smoke who MO receive have similar cotinine serum levels with the pregnant woman with lower exposure of tobacco smoke. Conclusion: Moringa leaf extract supplementation to pregnant women with high tobacco smoke exposure has serum cotinine levels similar to pregnant women with lower exposure to tobacco smoke.

}, keywords = {Cotinine, Moringa oleifera., Preconception, Tobacco smoke}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.41}, author = {Haerani Harun and Anwar Daud and Ridwan Amiruddin and M Sabir and Veni Hadju and Anwar Mallongi and Rahma and Miranti and Tamrin Talebe and M. Faris} } @article {2198, title = {The Effect of Ramania Leaves Extract Gel (Bouea macrophylla Griff) on the Number of Osteoblast (in vivo Study of Post Extraction in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus))}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1219-1223}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1219}, abstract = {

Ramania leaves extract contains secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, steroids, phenols and terpenoids which can be used as an alternative medicine for socket wound healing. Flavonoids have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that can accelerate wound healing and can stimulate the formation of osteoblasts. Analyzing the differences in the number of osteoblasts in the negative control group, positive control given aloe vera gel 15\% and ramania leaf extract gel 15\% on day 5, 7 and 14. This study used true experimental design with posttest-only control design, using 27 rats divide into 3 groups. The experimental animals were sacrificed on days 5, 7 and 14 for histopathological observations. Two-Way ANOVA test results obtained p value = 0.013 \<0.05, which indicates that there is a significant difference between the use of 15\% ramania leaf extract gel 15\% and the number of osteoblasts on days 5, 7 and 14. Bonferroni{\textquoteright}s Post Hoc test showed a difference. The number of osteoblasts was significant among the negative control group with ramania leaf extract gel 15\%. Ramania leaf extract gel 15\% was proven to be able to increase the number of osteoblasts and has the potential as an alternative medicine for socket healing after tooth extraction.

}, keywords = {Bouea macrophylla Griff, Flavonoids, Osteoblast, Ramania leaf extract gel, Secondary metabolite, Tooth extraction}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.221}, author = {Irham Taufiqurrahman and Siti Hajar Norma Gupita and Beta Widya Oktiani and Isyana Erlita and Andi Zulkifli and Veni Hadju and Anwar Mallongi and Eko Suhartono} } @article {2049, title = {The Effect of Safety Climate on Safety Behavior with Safety Motivation as An Intervening Variable on Contractor Workers in PT X}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {411-416}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {411}, abstract = {

Safety climate in the workplace and safety behaviour of workers need attention to be able to assess what factors are the causes of safe action for workers. This study aims to determine the effect of safety climate on safety behaviour with safety motivation as an intervening variable on contractor workers at PT X. The type of research is analytical observational with a cross sectional design. Questionnaires were given to 380 respondents. The data were analyzed using path analysis to see the direct and indirect effects of safety climate on safety behaviour. The results showed, 361 respondents (95\%) with good safety climate, 367 respondents (96.9\%) with good safety motivation, and 348 respondents (91\%) with good safety behaviour. The path analysis showed that there was no direct influence of safety climate on safety behaviour in contractor workers at PT X (p value \>0.05). However, the safety climate indirectly affects safety behaviour through safety motivation (p value = 0.001). It is recommended to workers that they need to maintain and increase their motivation so the safe work behaviour will still create.

}, keywords = {Contractor workers, Path analysis., Safety behaviour, Safety climate, Safety motivation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.93}, author = {Darius Tandiabang and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Atjo Wahyu and Yahya Thamrin and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2055, title = {The Effect of Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction Toward Patient Loyalty in Special Regional Hospitals of South Sulawesi}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {443-449}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {443}, abstract = {

The improvement and guarantee of hospital Service Quality in Indonesia should always be in the best interest of any hospital as regulated in Article 40 of Hospital Law No. 44 of 2009. Adequate Service Quality in a hospital would result in emotional bonds and positive experiences felt by patients and family, eventually strengthening loyalty in the long run. Thus, Service Quality is a critical aspect and indicator to achieve patient satisfaction hence behavioral intention to build loyalty towards the hospital and future visits. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of Service Quality and patient satisfaction in relation to patient loyalty in Special Regional Hospitals of South Sulawesi. This is a quantitative study with a crosssectional model. The sample in this study were all patients who had been registered in the database, namely patients who had visited the outpatient service at Dadi Special Regional Hospital (RSKD), Siti Fatimah Regional Special Hospital for Mother and Child (RSKDIA), and Pertiwi Special Regional Hospital for Mother and Child (RSKDIA) in 2017-2019 with a total sample of 269 from the outpatient care, respectively. The inclusion criteria in this study are as follows: (1) Patients from the outpatient care. (2) Patients who had received hospital services twice. (3) Not suffering from any mental illness and sensory disturbances. (4) Patients who are willing to be respondents and consented to fill out research questionnaires. (5) The patient is conscious and is able to communicate. The results that were obtained show that Service Quality holds a significant effect on patient satisfaction. Service Quality has no significant effect on patient loyalty, while patient satisfaction has a significant effect on patient loyalty. The output of this study should be taken into consideration for hospitals to commit to improving the Service Quality in order to achieve patient satisfaction. Increased patient satisfaction in turn will develop loyalty, thereby accommodating the implementation of the hospital strategy and achieving hospital goals.

}, keywords = {Patient Loyalty, Patient Satisfaction, Regional Special Hospital., Service Quality}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.99}, author = {Rara Armita Arman and Syahrir A Pasinringi and Fridawaty Rivai and Andi Indahwaty Sidin and Irwandy and Lalu Muhammad Saleh and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2133, title = {The Effectiveness of SI-DINI Mobile App (an Education and Early Detection of Leprosy App) on Changes in Community Behavior}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {868-872}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {868}, abstract = {

Most leprosy case detection in Indonesia is based on passive surveillance. This condition impacts the high number of new cases of leprosy and the disability rate of leprosy. Data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia stated that for 2021, there were 7,201 new cases of leprosy with a disability proportion of 84.6\%. The community{\textquoteright}s reluctance to make early contact is due to low knowledge and fear of stigma. SI-DINI is an android-based application that contains information about leprosy, videos on identifying the characteristics and symptoms of leprosy, and reporting suspected leprosy so that it is hoped that it can change people{\textquoteright}s behavior in a positive direction. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the SI-DINI App in changing people{\textquoteright}s behavior. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre and post-test design with intervention and control groups. The use of the SI-DINI App has been proven effective in changing people{\textquoteright}s behavior in terms of knowledge, attitudes and actions. There is a significant increase in the knowledge aspect with p-value = 0.000 (p\<0,05), the attitude aspect p-value = 0.000 (p\<0,05), and the action aspect p-value = 0.000 (p\<0,05). It is hoped that the application of education and surveillance for early detection of leprosy (SI-DINI) can be applied on a broader scope and can be used sustainably and in the future.

}, keywords = {Attitude, Behavior., knowledge, Leprosy, SI-DINI App}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.166}, author = {Maspa Lapui and Wahiduddin and Ida Leida Maria and A Arsunan Arsin and Ridwan M Thaha and Syamsuar Manyullei and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2080, title = {The Effectiveness of the Si-DBD Application in Increasing the Number of Households in Conducting Periodic Larvae Examination at the Health Center in Bantaeng Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {569-574}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {569}, abstract = {

Background: Vector-borne diseases, namely DHF, are estimated to infect 100-400 million people each year. Until now there is no specific drug or vaccine for DHF that can be done to avoid or prevent mosquitoes, which focuses on prevention efforts by eradicating mosquito nests. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the application system in carrying out periodic inspections by households. Method: Quasi-experimental research type with design "The Nonrandomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design{\textquotedblright}. There are 112 samples with a ratio of 1:1 treatment (application system) and control (manual). Data collection using observation sheets (secondary data) and data from larvae inspection results through the application. Seeing the difference before and after the Mc test. Nemar and Chi-Square to see the difference between the treatment and control groups. Results: Periodic larvae inspection by the household before and after manually had no difference, while the system with the application had a significant difference with a value of P=0.000. The comparison between the treatment and control groups with a value of P = 0.000 indicates that there is a difference in the number of households that carry out periodic larva inspections through an application compared to the manual method. The system with the Si-DBD application is simpler, more acceptable, and timelier in carrying out periodic larvae inspections by households with a value of P=0.000. Conclusion: The implementation of periodic larvae inspections that is modeled by an application-based information system via a smartphone has an influence on the number of households that carry out larvae inspections compared to the manual system that is running. Follow-up testing can be carried out on a large scale of household respondents covering the entire work area of the health center and with a cohort research design.

}, keywords = {Application, DHF., Periodic larva inspection}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.121}, author = {Muhammad Firdaus and Ida Leida Maria and Ansariadi and Andi Zulkifli and Nurhaedar Jafar and Shanti Riskiyani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2051, title = {Evaluation of Electronic Medical Record System in Outpatient Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Central General Hospital in 2022}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {423-427}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {423}, abstract = {

The Electronic Medical Record System in Indonesia is currently a concern of the government of the Republic of Indonesia by requiring every health facility including hospitals in Indonesia to implement an Electronic Medical Record System. To find out that this system is beneficial for health services in hospitals, an evaluation is needed. This study aims to evaluate the Electronic Medical Record System that has been running in the Outpatient of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Central General Hospital from a user perspective using the Human Organization Fit Model. The type of research used is quantitative using an analytical observational design with a cross sectional study approach. The sample in this study were users of electronic medical records in the Outpatient Department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar Central General Hospital, totaling 174 respondents. Hypothesis testing in this study using path analysis. The results of this study indicate that technology has a direct and significant effect on humans (\<0,001) \<0,05. Technology has a direct and significant effect on the organization (\<0,001) \<0,05. Humans have a direct and significant effect on the organization (\<0,001) \<0,05. Human has a direct and significant effect on benefits (\<0,001) \<0,05. Organization has a direct and significant effect on benefits (\<0,001) \<0,05. Technology has an indirect effect on benefits through people (ρ Value 0,007 \< 0,05, path coefficient = 0,179). Technology has no indirect effect on benefits through organizations (ρ Value 0,051 \> 0,05). This means that humans as intermediaries from technology to benefits have a significant effect while organizations as intermediaries from technology to benefits have an insignificant effect.

}, keywords = {Electronic Medical Record System, Hot-Fit, Outpatient., System Evaluation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.95}, author = {Asriani Usman and Irwandy and Noer Bahry Noor and Alimin Maidin and Fridawaty Rivai and Indrabayu and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2178, title = {Evaluation of the Economic Impact of Implementing National Health Insurance (JKN) on Hospitals at RSUD Tenriawaru Kab. bone}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1156-1162}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1156}, abstract = {

The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) through the Social Security Administering Body has been running since January 1 2014, the Tenriawaru Regional General Hospital in Bone Regency is one of the hospitals under the auspices of the local government that works closely with BPJS Kesehatan. The Bone Regency Government has registered 237,381 people into the National Health Insurance (JKN) program. In general, this study aims to analyze the economic impact of the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) on hospital income, hospital financing and financial compensation for hospital employees at Tenriawaru Hospital, Kab, Bone. This study uses a qualitative descriptive research method that aims to obtain an in-depth evaluation study on evaluating the economic impact of the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program on hospitals. The informants in this study totaled 5 people consisting of the Head of Finance Subdivision, the JKN case mix officer, the Head of Service Subdivision, the Head of HR Subdivision and the Head of Public Relations Subsection. The results of the study show that the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program has an impact on hospital income. The implementation of JKN provides great benefits for the hospital. the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program also has an impact on hospital financing, JKN covers hospital operational costs, JKN claims have their respective portions for hospital human resources, drug resources and BHP in hospitals. The implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program has no impact on the financial compensation of employees in hospitals, salaries, bonuses and semi-annual incentives that employees get have no effect on the implementation of JKN in service hospitals that get a portion each for the operational needs of the hospital not for employee financial compensation.

}, keywords = {Compensation, Financial, Financing, Income, JKN}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.210}, author = {Karmilasari and Sukri Palutturi and Darmawansyah and Muh. Syafar and Indar and Citrakesumasari and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2171, title = {Extract of Torbangun (Coleus amboinicus Lour) Leaves Inhibits the Expression of PEPCK and G6Pase in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1116-1120}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1116}, abstract = {

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the anti-hyperglycemic activity of Torbangun leaf extract (TLE) in hyperglycemic rats by observing its effect on blood glucose levels and PEPCK and G6Pase gene expression. Method: This post-test-controlled group design study used a completely randomized design (CRD). Seven rats were separated as a normal group (N) and other rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ). Hyperglycemia was characterized by fasting blood glucose (FBG) \>126 mg/dl. Hyperglycemic rats were divided into three groups: H-IM (control drug metformin hydrochloride dose 62.5 mg/kg BW), H-IT (TLE dose 620mg/kg BB), and NG (negative control, hyperglycemic rats). Rats were given intervention for 14 days. Result: The results showed a significant difference between initial and final FBG of the HI-IM group (p = 0.002, α = 0.01) and the H-IT group (p = 0.005, α = 0.01) and effect on the key gene expression of gluconeogenesis in the liver. The H-IT group showed a decrease in PEPCK gene expression 0.80 times and decreased G6Pase gene expression by 0.65 times compared to NG group. Conclusion: The findings suggested the administration of TLE in STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats was able to reduce blood sugar levels and was involved in inhibiting the expression of PEPCK and G6Pase expression genes in the liver.

}, keywords = {G6Pase, hyperglycemia, PEPCK, Rats, Torbangun}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.203}, author = {Meilla Dwi Andrestian and Rizal Damanik and Faisal Anwar and Nancy Dewi Yuliana and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2156, title = {Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Diarrhea in Infants Aged 7-12 Months in Puskesmas Alak Kupang City}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1024-1028}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1024}, abstract = {

Diarrhea is a disease characterized by changes in the consistency of stools to liquid accompanied by an increase in the frequency of defecation more than usual \> 3 times / day accompanied by changes, with or without blood and or mucus. Factors that cause diarrheal disease are infections, infections can be caused by bacteria, parasites and viruses. Busy parents often pay less attention to health and the impact of an unhealthy environment. The three children have digestive problems, which are still considered a habit and can be cured without having to go to a health facility. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the factors that influence the incidence of diarrheal disease in infants aged 7-12 months at the Alak Health Center, Kupang City. The type of research used is an analytical survey with a case control design. The population in this study was divided into case populations, namely all infants aged 7-12 months totaling 137 infants and controls were infants aged 7-12 months who did not experience diarrhea totaling 8,868 infants. Determination of the size of the control sample using a ratio of 1:1 with the case sample so that the number of control samples is the same as the case sample, namely 37 infants and the total sample is 74 infants. The sampling technique is simple random sampling. Analysis of the data used is the chisquare test. The results showed that there was a significant relationship with a history of premature birth (p-value = 0.015 with an odds ratio = 3.434), low birth weight (p-value = 0.015 with an odds ratio = 4.563), exclusive breastfeeding (p-value = 0.015 with an odds value ratio = 3.434), immunization status (p-value = 0.004 with odds ratio = 4.265) and history of allergies (p-value = 0.004 with odds ratio = 4.083) with the incidence of diarrheal disease at the Alak Health Center, Kupang City. Suggestions that health center health workers need to be able to increase prevention efforts from an early age by approaching the community and providing concrete education related to the incidence of diarrhea.

}, keywords = {BBLR, Diarrhea, Exclusive breastfeeding, Immunization Status, Premature}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.188}, author = {Deviarbi Sakke Tira and Sonyalin Buifena and Sigit Purnawan and Maria Magdalena Dwi Wahyuni and Marni Marni and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2033, title = {Habitat Characteristics of Aedes Sp Larval Containers and Density of Container Index (CI) In the Area Endemic and Non-Endemic to DHF In Makassar City}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {290-295}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {290}, abstract = {

Aedes sp has breeding habitats in water reservoirs or containers with relatively clear water, both inside and outside the house and in public places. The existence of containers as a breeding habitat for Aedes sp mosquitoes can increase the population density of Aedes sp mosquitoes, triggering high transmission of the dengu virus in the city of Makassar. The purpose of the study is to determine the characterisitic relationship of containers with the index of aedes sp larvae in dengue endemism areas in Makassar city in 2022. This study is an analytical observational study. Quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional approach. The sample sampling technique is a technique with simple purposive sampling. The sample was 600 houses in endemic and non-endemic areas in makassar city. The results of this study are container types with CI density in endemic areas, namely bucket 242 (CI = 9.5), while in non-endemic areas namely bucket 298 (CI = 5.4), container materials with CI density in endemic areas namely plastic 422 (CI = 10.9), while in non-endemic areas namely plastic 482 (CI = 5.6), and container locations with CI materials and densities namely in indoor locations with plastic material 398 (CI = 8.0), while in non-endemic areas with CI materials and densities, namely in indoor locations with plastic material 455 (CI = 5.5). The results of the chi-square test in the endemic area obtained a value of p = 0.478 which means that there is no relationship between the container type and the presence of aedes sp larvae in Tamamaung, Chi-square test results in non-endemic areas obtained a value of p = 0.217 which means that there is no relationship between the container type and the presence of Aedes sp larvae in the new Malimangan Village. The results of the chi-square test in the endemic area obtained a value of p = 0.000 which means that there is a relationship between the location and the presence of aedes sp larvae in tamamaung, and Meanwhile, the results of the Chi-Square test in non-endemic areas obtained a value of p = 0.631 which means that there is no relationship between the location and the presence of Aedes sp larvae in the new malimongan. There is no relationship between CI density and endemic and nonendemic regions. All six regions fall into the moderate category. His advice for the Makassar City Health Office, especially in Tamamaung, Pisang Utara, Pampang, Malimongan Baru, Kalukuang and Rappojawa villages, is that it is necessary to conduct counseling / information about the importance of environmental cleanliness and mosquito breeding sites to residents evenly and distribute abate, so that the community can be vigilant and avoid the transmission of dengue fever

}, keywords = {Characteristics of Container Habitats, Endemic and Non-Endemic., Larval Density}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.77}, author = {Muh Ichsan and Hasanuddin Ishak and Erniwati Ibrahim and Hasnawati Amqam and Isra Wahid and Syahribulan and Rusdiyah Sudirman and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2054, title = {Health Behavior and Social Support in Postpartum Mothers Treatment in Ba{\textquoteright}ukup Tradition in Maluku}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {438-442}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {438}, abstract = {

The maternal mortality rate is still high in Indonesia and one of the priorities of government agendas to decrease, one of them is giving good treatment to Postpartum Mothers. This is very important because in the Postpartum periode, there is a risk to get bleeding and infection that has an impact on maternal death. Many Postpartum Mothers{\textquoteright} treatment is based on local wisdom, but not all give benefits to Postpartum Mothers. The aim of this study was to analyze Ba{\textquoteright}ukup Tradition as a Postpartum Mothers Treatment Based on Local Wisdom in Negeri Luhu, Huamual, Maluku. This study used Qualitative method with ethnographic approach. The informants were 8 people which consisted of 1 supporting informant (Traditional Midwife/ Mama Biang), 1 Midwife as a key informant and 6 ordinary informants were selected purposively with the criteria of Mothers who are carrying out Ba{\textquoteright}ukup. Thematic data analysis and data validity used triangulation technique. The results showed that Ba{\textquoteright}ukup tradition is an ancestral heritage felt psychically and beneficially by Postpartum Mothers such as feeling more relaxed, sleeping better, sweating and helping to increase breast milk production. Meanwhile, Ba{\textquoteright}ukup tradition is a local wisdom in Postpartum Mothers treatment so that in its implementation, it requires the assistance of health workers because during the Postpartum period, there is a risk to get bleeding and other complications. It is suggested that there are persuasive approach and communication between health workers and the society in order to build a harmonious trust in local traditions and health services.

}, keywords = {Ba{\textquoteright}ukup, Health., Postpartum, Tradition}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.98}, author = {Andi Asrina and Rizal Payapo and Fairus Concerned Idris and Sukri Palutturi and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2022, title = {Health Literacy Brisk Walking Exercise on Clinical Outcomes of Blood Sugar in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {433-438}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {433}, abstract = {

Background: Regular Physical activity (PA) is recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes because it has a beneficial effect on metabolic risk factors for the development of diabetic complications. This study was designed to determine the effect of health literacy (HL) brisk walking on clinical outcomes (HbA1c) and PA in patients with DMT2. Method: In using the Quasi Experimental method using the Two group pre-posttest design approach. Research subjects were allocated for the provision of Health literacy Brisk walking (n-30, 30 completed) and the usual care group (n = 30,30 completed). Health literacy brisk walking participants received weekly scheduled information via WhatsApp group with monitoring to walk 3-5 times for 150 minutes/week, while the control group only received regular care from the Chronic Disease Management (Prolanis) program. Results: Sixty T2DM patients (thirty in the intervention group and thirty in the control group) were examined. The results showed that Health literacy Brisk walking with Whatsapp Group Monitoring in the intervention group was significantly higher than usual care from the Chronic Disease Management program (Prolanis) in the control group towards changes in HbA1c and PA after 3 months (p\<0.05). Conclusion: Health literacy brisk walking related to diabetes can be a modifiable factor related to HbA1c for DMT2 patients. The findings indicate the need for health care providers to be able to consider brisk walking PA as a solution in controlling blood sugar (HbA1c).

}, keywords = {Blood Sugar (HbA1c)., DMT2, Health Literacy Brisk walking, Physical Activity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.68}, author = {Zainuddin and Andi Zulkifli Abdullah and Nurhaedar Jafar and Suriah and Nursalam and Darmawansyah and Syahrul Syahrul and Wahiduddin and Widiantoro and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2039, title = {Identification of Family Adaptive Behavior in The Dayak Tribe in An Effort to Prevent Stroke}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {334-338}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {334}, abstract = {

The Dayak tribe inhabits a large part of West Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Hypertension is a major health problem in the West Kutai region. The family plays a role as a facilitator in reducing hypertension and preventing the risk of Stroke in family members. The purpose of this study was to identify the adaptive behavior of Dayak families in an effort to prevent Stroke. This research method is qualitative research with in-depth interviews and FGD (focus group discussion). FGDs were conducted on 7 participants with tingkat 1 and tingkat 2 hypertension patients and 3 people from traditional leaders/ culturalists. This study obtained four main themes, namely 1) Understanding health problems, 2) Utilization of medicinal plants, 3) Disease control, 4) Driving factors in reducing Stroke risk. Suggestions for health workers to be able to improve educational methods and digital health promotion not only using print media.

}, keywords = {Family Adaptive Behavior., FGD, Stroke, The Dayak Tribe}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.83}, author = {Parellangi and Muhammad Syafar and Sukri Palutturi and Agus Bintara Birawida and Anwar Mallongi and Oedojo Soedirham and Pawennari Hijjang} } @article {2153, title = {Immunization During the Covid-19 Pandemic}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1005-1009}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1005}, abstract = {

Objectives: This Study Aims to Analyze the Determinant Factors Associated with Basic Immunization Services for Infants Aged 1-12 Months in Banjarbaru City During the Covid 19 Pandemic. Methods: The Research Design Is an Analytic Research with A Cross Sectional Approach. The Independent Variables Are Mother{\textquoteright}s Knowledge, Mother{\textquoteright}s Anxiety, And Accessibility to Health Facilities, And the Dependent Variable Is Basic Immunization Services. The Research Sample Consisted Of 100 Respondents Who Had Babies Aged 1-12 Months in The Cempaka Health Center, Sungai Ulin Health Center, Sungai Besar Health Center and South Banjarbaru Health Center. The Sampling Technique Was Non-Probability Sampling, Namely Purposive Sampling. The Instruments Used Were A Knowledge Questionnaire, An Anxiety Questionnaire (Dass) And an Accessibility Questionnaire in The Form of a Google Form. Analysis Using the Chi Square Statistical Test. Results: The Results Showed That 58 People (58.0\%) Had Basic Immunization Services According to Age, 44 People (44.0\%) Had Good Knowledge And 55 People (55.0\%) Had Accessibility to Health Facilities. Variables Related to Basic Immunization Services in Banjarbaru City Were Knowledge (P=0.03) And Anxiety (P=0.01). Another Variable in This Study, That Is Accessibility to Health Services, Was Not Related to Basic Immunization Services in Banjarbaru City (P=0.80). Conclusions: It Is Recommended That Basic Immunization Information and Services Be More Proactive. Health Promotion Uses an Interpersonal Approach in The Community to Increase Knowledge, Attitudes and Change People{\textquoteright}s Behavior.

}, keywords = {Accessibility, Anxiety, Health Center, Immunization, knowledge}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.185}, author = {Yuniarti and Rusmilawaty and Tri Tunggal and Norlaila Sofia and Nur Rohmah Prihatanti and Ahmad Rizani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2128, title = {Implementation Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Policy in Southwest Maluku Regency}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {843-845}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {843}, abstract = {

The implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination policy can be influenced by several factors, including communication, available resources, task disposition, and organizational structure. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the implementation of these policies. This study employed a qualitative descriptive design, with data collection techniques including observation and interviews. The research was conducted in Southwest Maluku Regency in October-November 2022, with a total of 5 informants consisting of key informants, such as the Regent of Southwest Maluku as the chairman and spokesperson of the Task Force, ordinary informants, such as the Head of the Regional Disaster Management Agency, the head of Surveillance and Immunization at the District Health Office of Southwest Maluku, and the Coordinator of the COVID-19 Task Force Expert Team, as well as ordinary informants, such as community leaders. The results of the study revealed that the implementation of the COVID-19 Vaccination Policy in Southwest Maluku Regency has been well executed. The government has actively conducted health promotion and socialization, and has adequate resources equipped with specific competencies and expertise. However, there were several challenges during the implementation, such as the spread of misinformation, the difficult geographical terrain, and limited communication access to all areas. The findings of this study are expected to serve as an evaluation material for the government in the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination program.

}, keywords = {COVID-19 Vaccine, Health promotion, Policy, Task Force., Vaccination Policy}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.161}, author = {Joska Rap Rap and Balqis and Sukri Palutturi and Indar and Masni and Atjo Wahyu and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2061, title = {The Influence of Effective Nurse Communication Application on Patient Satisfaction: A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {479-483}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {479}, abstract = {

Communication is an important element for building trust and comfort in nursing, and it is the foundation of the nurse-patient relationship. The purpose of this study is to find out how effective communication influences nurses{\textquoteright} perceptions of patient satisfaction. A recent literature review was conducted using the Pubmed, Wiley Online, and Science Direct electronic databases. The review method uses the terms and expressions of the keywords "effective communication," "nurse," and "patient satisfaction." Based on the screening results for inclusion and exclusion criteria, a literature search turned up 10 studies. Effective communication provided by nurses greatly affects patient satisfaction; the better effective communication is carried out, the greater the patient satisfaction will be. With patient satisfaction, nurse communication can improve service by creating good cooperative relationships and fostering trust so as to improve patient recovery. Not only with patients, but effective communication must also be carried out with colleagues and other professions by applying several methods such as ISBAR, PCC, and MCA communication methods. Therefore, health services, especially nurses, should pay more attention to effective communication with patients and implement this effective communication in nursing care activities.

}, keywords = {Effective communication, Nurses, Patient satisfaction.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.105}, author = {Brajakson Siokal and Ridwan Amiruddin and Tahir Abdullah and Yahya Thamrin and Sukri Palutturi and Erniwati Ibrahim and Yuliana Syam and Rian Adi Pamungkas and Samsualam and Andi Mappanganro and Wahyuningsih and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2018, title = {Intervention of Giving Moringa Biscuits (Moringa Oliefera) Mix Sori Fish Flour to Increased Blood Hemoglobin Levels in Young Girls, Kendari, INDONESIA}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {414-417}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {414}, abstract = {

Adolescents are the next generation and national development assets, one of the nutritional problems in adolescents is anemia, namely the lack of hemoglobin levels below normal (12 mg/dl). Efforts to deal with anemia are making food in the form of Moringa biscuits and sori fish which are rich in nutrients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Moringa mixed sori biscuits on blood hemoglobin levels in adolescents. The type of research is a quasi-experimental conducted in June- September 2021 at Coastal Region Public Middle Schools throughout Kendari City in 2021, namely at SMPN 4 Kendari, SMPN 5 Kendari, SMPN 10 Kendari, SMPN 15 Kendari and SMPN 16 Kendari. The sample is anemic adolescent girls in the coastal area of Kendari City. The intervention sample was anemic adolescent girls who were given moringa biscuits mixed with sori fish flour as many as 36 people and the control sample was anemic adolescent girls who were not given moringa biscuits mixed with sori fish flour as many as 36 people. The case sampling technique used cluster random sampling and the control sample used matching. Data collection of blood hemoglobin levels using a portable device brand Easy Touch Meter. Data were analyzed using independent t-test test. The results of the study found blood hemoglobin levels before and after Moringa biscuits were given, namely in the case group before the intervention the average Hb level reached 10.51 mg/dl and after the intervention it reached 12.45 mg/ dl, while in the control group before the intervention it was 12.79 mg/dl and after intervention 13.49 mg/ dl. The results of the independent t-test obtained p value 0.000. The conclusion is that there is an effect of giving Moringa fish biscuits mixed with Sori fish flour on hemoglobin levels. Suggestions for young women are expected to increase the intake of protein sources of nutrients such as fish, eggs, tofu and tempeh and iron (Fe) which can be obtained from green vegetables such as Moringa to prevent and treat anemia.

}, keywords = {Adolescents., Blood Haemoglobin, Moringa Biscuits, Sori Fish}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.64}, author = {Fatmawati and Suriana Koro and Nadimin and Kameriah Gani and Hasan and Ellyani Abadi and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2172, title = {The Mediating Role of Perceived Value on the Relationship between Quality Assurance and Student Satisfaction in Nursing Education}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1121-1125}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1121}, abstract = {

Objective: This study aimed to examine the connections between quality assurance, perceived value, and nursing student satisfaction. Methods: A survey was conducted with 200 nursing students in Indonesia. Data on quality assurance, perceived value, and satisfaction was gathered. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the measurement and structural models. Results: PLS-SEM showed a significant positive link between quality assurance and perceived value (β=0.239, p=0.002), and between perceived value and satisfaction (β=0.510, p\<0.001). However, no direct relationship was found between quality assurance and satisfaction (β=0.042, p=0.571) in the structural model. Perceived value exhibited a mediating role. Conclusion: Enhancing quality assurance in nursing schools is essential for improving students{\textquoteright} perceived value, subsequently leading to higher satisfaction levels. However, it{\textquoteright}s crucial to note that quality alone doesn{\textquoteright}t directly impact satisfaction. Nursing schools should prioritize both quality assurance and increasing perceived value to maximize student satisfaction.

}, keywords = {Nursing education, Perceived value, Quality assurance, Student satisfaction}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.204}, author = {Hammad and Parellangi and Kelana Kusuma Dharma and Anwar Mallongi and Sukri Palutturi and Ainun Sajidah and Naning Kisworo Utami and Khairir Rizani and Reza Fauzan and Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho and Muhammad Rasyid} } @article {2188, title = {Metrics to Catch on Innovation Culture in Hospital: A Scoping Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1213-1218}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1213}, abstract = {

Objective: This scoping review aimed to map measurement instruments of innovation culture in hospital. Introduction: A culture of innovation can reveal the strengths and opportunities of hospitals in driving strategic innovation and creating an organizational culture; however, suitable measurement instruments for depicting innovation culture are still being discussed. Inclusion criteria: This review considered studies that reviewed the measurement of organizational innovation culture, specifically in a hospital setting. Methods: This review adopted the JBI methodology for scoping review. Search strategies used PCC elements, and the terms "Metric OR Measure OR Questionnaire" AND "Culture of Innovation OR Innovation Culture" AND "Hospital OR Healthcare" were used as the main keywords, limited by quantitative research types in English. The data was extracted from qualified articles, compiled in a spreadsheet, and then imported into Microsoft Word to be combined into a table containing a grid synthesis and a summary of the main concepts. Results: Eight articles published from 2015 to 2022 were eligible for review. The mapping results obtained five metrics that depicted the innovation culture in the hospital. Groups of various dimensions and the measurement results also varied, including innovation tendency, value, climate, flexibility, and focus on being characteristic of innovation. Resource, process, role and involvement of health workers, technology support, and leadership were components of innovation. Reflexivity, behavior, and teamwork are essential to achieving a successful culture of innovation in the hospital. Conclusions: The measurement of innovation culture in hospitals consists of three main keys, namely the characteristics of innovation, the components of innovation, and teamwork: innovation in action.

}, keywords = {Innovation Culture in Hospital, Metrics, Team Work}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.220}, author = {Asnany and M. Alimin Maidin and Syahrir A. Pasinringi and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2195, title = {The Miracle of Moringa Oleifera Leaves for the Prevention of Anemia: A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1258-1261}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1258}, abstract = {

Background: Moringa oleifera leaves contain very rich compounds that include nutrients, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, and many other compounds with numerous benefits for humans. This literature review discusses the benefits of Moringa oleifera leaves in preventing anemia. Methods: This review is a narrative review using the research of international journal sources from databased, national journals in the last ten years. The keywords anemia, hemoglobin, and Moringa oleifera/M. oleifera leaves were used. Based on the 35 journals reviewed, 12 studies were included in this review. Results: The literature results show a positive relationship between Moringa leaf extract and an increase in the value of hemoglobin levels, with a p-value \<0.05. However, this review found other benefits of Moringa oleifera leaf extract, such as improving the morphology of damaged red blood cells and antioxidants. It has become an alternative in the treatment of anemia. Conclusions: The nutrient content in Moringa leaf extract plays a significant part in increasing hemoglobin levels in the blood. Other factors that can increase the risk of anemia are micronutrient deficiency, infectious diseases (HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria), worm infections, and genetic disorders. (25) We recommend conducting an experimental study to compare two groups given Moringa leaf extract and multi-micronutrient tablets to get more effective results in lowering the prevalence of anemia.

}, keywords = {Anemia, Moringa oleifera leaf extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.228}, author = {Dwi Wahyu Balebu and Ridwan Aminuddin and Veni Hadju and Arsunan Arsin and Nurhaedar Jafar and Herawati and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2047, title = {Model Prediction of Potential Disease Effects from PM2.5 Emission Among School Children in Coming 30 years in South Tangerang}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {400-404}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {400}, abstract = {

Background: The largest global environmental health risk factor is the ambient of air pollution, that largely attributed to transportation emissions. One of the main causes of PM2.5 emissions is thought to be onroad transportation. PM2.5 has an impact on health, especially on children that relate to the respiratory system such as asthma, lung cancer, and decreased intelligence. Objective: The research objective was to predict the risk potential disease due to PM2.5 in children from vehicle emissions in South Tangerang City. Method: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional study design using a dynamic model approach using STELLA software. The environmental and human samples aare used to calculate the exposure level to PM2.5 taken from 32 points in 7 sub-districts of South Tangerang City (North Serpong, Serpong, Pondok Aren, Ciputat, East Ciputat, Pamulang, and Setu). then, meteorological data was also collected. Results: The number of vehicles in the city of South Tangerang is quite high, especially between 11:00 and 15:00 with the majority of vehicles passing by are cars and motorbikes. PM2.5 pollution levels will fluctuate until 2053. The effects of temperature, weather, and humidity might cause an increase in PM2.5 pollutants at specific times. According to the modeling calculation results, even though there are occasions when PM2.5 pollution levels fall, acute respiratory infection (ARI) incidence in children will continue to rise over time. Although PM2.5 emissions fluctuate, exposure to PM2.5 in low concentrations poses a risk to human health.

}, keywords = {Acute respiratory infection., Children, Particulate matter, Transportation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.91}, author = {Ernyasih and Anwar Mallongi and Anwar Daud and Sukri Palutturi and Stang and Razak Thaha and Erniwaty Ibrahim and Wesam Al Moudhun} } @article {2095, title = {Policy Implementation of Hypertension Prevention and Control Program in Banjarmasin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {641-649}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {641}, abstract = {

The Ministry of Health launched the Policy Implementation for the Prevention and Control of Hypertension Program with the goal of addressing the needs of national and regional public health development through minimal service standards. The goal of this study was to look at how hypertension prevention and control programs were implemented in the city of Banjarmasin. This study uses a qualitative descriptive-explorative analysis method with multiple case study approaches. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews, observation, documentation and literature study to all research informants. Informant selection technique used purposeful sampling. Research variables included communication, resources, bureaucratic structure and dispositions/attitudes. The research findings indicated that communication between policymakers, implementers, and program targets was effective. Despite the fact that human resources have reached the criterion for personnel, certain officers continue to have an excessive burden, and the number of health cadres was insufficient. Although facilities and infrastructure were available, several Public Health Centers were still having difficulty channeling demands and budgets. The bureaucratic structure had been implemented through SOPs and the delegation of authority, however numerous agencies still lacked complete documentation and archives. Even though the overall objectives were not attained, all parties exhibited a strong commitment and determination to continue the program. It can be concluded that the implementation of hypertension prevention and control policies in Banjarmasin had been quite successful, though there were still some challenges, such as differences in program target participation methods, the need for systematic equalization of authority tasks, and more equitable budget management in terms of resources. Furthermore, in terms of bureaucratic structure, it is vital to develop organized documentation standards in each agency.

}, keywords = {Control, Hypertension., Implementation, Policy, Prevention, Program}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.132}, author = {Sally Pobas and Balqis Nazaruddin and Sukri Palutturi and Wahiduddin and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2094, title = {Quality of Health Services of Non-Accredited Health Centers on Patient Satisfaction}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {633-640}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {633}, abstract = {

Introduction: Health Centre a health service facility that organizes public health efforts and first-level individual health efforts, by prioritizing promotive and preventive efforts in its working area. Health Center as a first-level health facility is required to always improve service quality and patient safety, improve health center performance, protect health human resources, the community and the environment. The purpose of this study was to explore or describe the quality of health services on patient satisfaction at the Tiakur Health Center, Southwest Maluku Regency. Methods: This research is a type of qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological approach. Key informants in this study were patients who had undergone treatment at the Tiakur Health Center from January to December 2022 and supporting informants were the head of the health services facility field, the head of the Tiakur Health Center, the head of Tiakur administration and the head of the Tiakur Health Center working group. The technique of determining informants using purposive sampling method. The instruments used were in-depth interview guidelines and focus group discussions. Results: The results showed that the dimensions of service quality, namely effective, efficient, patient-focused and safe, have not been fulfilled properly while the dimensions of accessible and fair have been fulfilled properly. The Tiakur Health Center needs to make improvements to health services so that service quality and patient satisfaction can be realized properly. Conclusion: This qualitative study of patient satisfaction with non-accredited Health Center as health services can be used as evaluation material to be able to improve and improve the health services of Tiakur Health Center to the community.

}, keywords = {Health, Patient., Quality, Satisfaction, Service}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.131}, author = {Sohordinatus Ifan Unkelefta and Amran Razak and Sukri Palutturi and Balqis and Aminuddin Syam and Andi Ummu Salmah and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2078, title = {Risk Analysis of Microplastic Exposure Through Consumption of Anadara Granosa at Coastal Area}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {558-562}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {558}, abstract = {

Plastic waste is starting to threaten marine waters, especially microplastics. This micro-sized plastic can be consumed by marine biota. The accumulation of microplastics in the bodies of marine biota can threaten humans who consume them. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk level of microplastic (polystyrene) exposure through the consumption of blood clams in the coastal area of Pao Village, Tarowang District, Jeneponto Regency. This type of research is a descriptive analysis with the Environmental Health Risk Analysis (EHRA) approach. The samples in this study were 30 respondents and 125 blood clams (anadara granosa). Data were obtained by interview using a questionnaire, identifying MPs in shells in the laboratory, and identifying polymer types using FTIR-spectroscopy. The results showed that 68 MPs of microplastics were found in blood clams (anadara granosa) samples. The dominant shapes were lines and blue. The types of polymers from the FTIR results are Polystyrene (PS), Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Polyethylene (PE). The average non-carcinogenic daily intake (Intake) is 0.00012 mg/kg/day, the average risk level (RQ) is 0.0006, and the daily intake value is <=0.2 (RfD Styrene), so it is said to be safe and the risk level value (RQ) <= 1, then categorized as the risk of exposure to MPs in humans through consumption of blood clams is still categorized as safe. The route of exposure to MPs in humans is not only through blood clams, so efforts to control the risk of exposure to MPs in humans are still needed.

}, keywords = {Anadara Granosa., Blood clams, Microplastic, Polystyrene, Risk analysis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.119}, author = {Nurhayati Namira and Anwar Daud and Anwar Mallongi and Hasnawati Amqam and Atjo Wahyu and Irwandy} } @article {2021, title = {The Risk Analysis of Patient Transfer Practice Events to Safety of Nurses and Patients of the TNI AU Dodi Sardjoto Hospital}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {429-432}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {429}, abstract = {

Work accidents can occur due to unsafe action and unsafe condition factors. This type of research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research (mix method) with a phenomenological approach that aims to determine the risks of patient transfer practices to the safety of nurses and patients. This research was conducted at the TNI AU Dody Sardjoto Hospital with a total sample of 51 people, the sampling technique is simple random sampling. Then in-depth interviews will be conducted on key informants, ordinary informants, and additional informants. Quantitative data analysis using chi square test and multiple linear regression. The results of the study found that the history of disease (p = 0.010), physical activity (0.026), facilities and infrastructure (0.011), SOP (p = 0.000), and the environment (p = 0.000) influenced the safety of nurses. The results also showed that compliance with SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) was the most influential variable with B of 0.675. It is also known that the results of the path test have an indirect influence between nurse safety and patient safety is E2 = 0.887 or 88.7\%. It is hoped that the results of this study can be a reference to reduce the risk of patient transfer practice events to the safety of nurses and patients.

}, keywords = {Accident, Patient Transfer, Work safety}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.67}, author = {Muh. Nur Amal Sali and M. Furqan Naiem and Masyitha Muis and Syamsiar S. Russeng and Atjo Wahyu and Erniwati Ibrahim and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2130, title = {Risk Factors of Stunting in Children Aged 0-23 Months in Katumbangan Health Center, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {851-855}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {851}, abstract = {

The results of Indonesian nutritional status study at the regency level in 2021 showed that Polewali Mandar Regency had the highest prevalence of stunting in West Sulawesi Province at 36\% with the highest percentage of stunted toddlers being reported by Katumbangan Health Center (42.6\%). This study aims to determine the most dominant risk factors for stunting in children aged 0-23 months. This study was conducted in the working area of Katumbangan Health Center with a case-control study. The number of samples was 236 infants (0-23 months) with a ratio of cases and controls of 1:1. This study used secondary data sourced form e-PPGBM application, then analyzed by odd ratio test and logistic regression on Stata. The results showed that CED in pregnancy (OR=3.142 with 95\% CI, 1.122-10.072), LBW history (OR=5.963 with 95\% CI, 1.251-56.216) and exclusive breastfeeding (OR=2.099 with 95\% CI, 0.984-4.613). The dominant risk factor for stunting in children aged 0-23 months, namely LBW history (OR=5.092 with 95\% CI, 1.08-23.94). It is recommended for mothers to put more attention to the fulfillment of nutrition during in order to reduce the risk of LBW and also to assure that children nutritionl intake are adequate to their needs during the golden period of growth, especially infants with LBW.

}, keywords = {Infant, Risk Factors., Stunting}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.163}, author = {Nurul Iffa Safitri and Nur Nasry Noor and Wahiduddin and Ridwan Amiruddin and Nurhaedar Jafar and Balqis and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2101, title = {Spatial Distribution of Microplastic Contamination in Blood Clams (Anadara granosa) on the Jeneponto Coast, South Sulawesi}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {680-690}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {680}, abstract = {

Plastic waste in oceans will threaten of marine biota. There is a very high degree of plastic pollution in Indonesia, however the distribution of microplastic contamination in seafood, particularly that ingested by the general populace as a daily meal from seas, is quite low. The purpose of this investigation is to map the distribution of microplastic contamination in blood clams (Anadara granosa) throughout the South Sulawesi coast. Observational study employing a spatial analysis exploratory design. Blood clams (Anadara granosa) and information on wind, currents, and tides are used to map the distribution of microplastic pollution. The Kriging model was used for their geographical analysis. Purposive sampling was used to collect a total of 25 samples of blood clams (Anadara granosa) from offshore locations, residential waterways, mangrove ecosystems, rivers, and river estuaries. The results showed that the highest distribution of microplastic contamination was found in mangrove ecosystem areas and residential waters, while the lowest was found in river areas. Blood clams (Anadara granosa) have high levels of microplastic contamination because of sources of plastic pollution that come from waste disposal activities. It became stuck in the fisheries and mangrove ecosystems along the coast. Oceanography has an impact on how currents and winds migrate from the northeast (where mangrove habitats are) to the north (where residential waters are), carrying microplastic particles. Provision of waste management facilities by the local government and using the depuration method to eliminate microplastics in blood clams (Anadara granosa) consumed by the community needs to be done to reduce the impact on ecology and health.

}, keywords = {Blood Clams (Anadara granosa), Coastal Coast., Microplastic Contamination, Spatial Analysis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.137}, author = {Rachmat Saleh and Anwar Daud and Hasanuddin Ishak and Hasnawati Amqam and Atjo Wahyu and Stang and Agus B. Birawida and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2191, title = {Transmission of Four Serotypes of Dengue Virus in Several Asian Countries Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1244-1249}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1244}, abstract = {

Background: The serotype of the virus that causes infection in a person can influence the severity of the dengue disease experienced so it is necessary to monitor and understand the dengue virus serotypes circulating in an area. Method: We searched for studies through two electronic databases (Pubmed and Scince direct). In the first stage, database search, 74 studies were obtained. The criteria for including studies were four human dengue virus serotypes published in 2013 {\textendash} 2023. In the final search there were 10 studies included. Results: Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Singapore but DENV1 and DENV-2 are the main causes of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV- 1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Indonesia but the prevalence of certain serotypes can vary from year to year and between regions in the country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 have been reported in Nepal but DENV-2 is found in high altitude and cold weather areas. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Pakistan but serotype DENV-1 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in India, however serotype DENV-4 was found to be the main cause of dengue cases both alone and in combination with dengue causes in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Thailand but serotype DENV-2 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in Sri Lanka but serotype DENV- 2 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. Serotypes DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4 have been reported in China but serotype DENV-2 is the main cause of dengue cases in this country. Conclusion: Countries in Asia remain endemic for all four DENV serotypes, although some genotype- related evolution has been found in certain strains.

}, keywords = {Asian Countries, Dengue virus, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, Serotypes}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.225}, author = {Nismawati Natsir and A Arsunan Arsin and Hasanuddin Ishak and Ilham Alimuddin and Masni Masni and Muhammad Nasrun Massi and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {2193, title = {Utilization of Rainwater as Consumable Water with Rainwater Harvesting Methods: A Literature Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1254-1257}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1254}, abstract = {

Background: Water demand is expected to increase in all sectors. Rainwater can be a solution to the lack of the clean water crisis. The quality of rainwater harvested is highly dependent on the rainwater harvesting system. Methods: This literature review is a narrative review using sources from the Scopus and Pubmed databases. The keywords used were utilization, rainwater, and rainwater harvesting methods. Of the 30 references identified in the search phase, ten were eligible for inclusion in this review. Results: Harvested rainwater can be used for multiple purposes such as watering plants, washing, bathing, and even cooking if the water quality meets health standards. There are three fundamental components that should be present within the rainwater harvesting system: 1) a rainwater pipe that traps water, e.g., utilizing the shape of the roof surface, 2) a water distribution system, i.e., a system that transports water from the roof to the superficies through a gutter, and 3) a reservoir that stores rainwater such as barrels, tubs, or ponds. Conclusions: Water conservation efforts are needed to meet the demand for water in the face of increasingly limited supply. Harvesting rainwater is one of the methods of water conservation that can be carried out by each household of the community to collect raw rainwater for consumption and use. If rainwater harvesting is practiced in a sustainable manner, it will help maintain water and environmental sustainability, thus supporting the livelihood of present and future generations.

}, keywords = {Consumable, Harvesting, Rainwater, Utilization, Water Quality}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.227}, author = {Sandy Novryanto Sakati and Anwar Mallongi and Erniwati Ibrahim and Budimawan and Stang and Sukri Palutturi and Maria Kanan and Herawati} } @article {2197, title = {Why Preconception Treatment is Important? A Literature Reviews}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1262-1267}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1262}, abstract = {

Objective: Conceptional care is a concept that has been proposed to address maternal health problems and environmental risk factors during pregnancy to improve the health of both mother and fetus during pregnancy. This article provides an overview of several studies relating to preconception care that are useful for preparing for a healthy pregnancy and fetus. Methods: This narrative review uses several sources from the Elsevier database. Key search terms such as preconception, iron status, pregnancy and fetus were used in this review. Of the 50 studies identified, 20 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Results: Preconception care is getting an increased focus as an effective way to prevent complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum as well as preventing fetal abnormalities by estimating nutritional status in the preconception period. Preconception care is aimed at supporting the health of women before pregnancy, which is useful for improving the health of a pregnancy and preventing stunted fetal growth due to poor nutritional status in the mother. Low preconception iron status will have an impact on preconception gynecological morbidity, which will cause complications in pregnancy and cause low birth weight. Conclusion: Preconception care when given regularly will affect the health of a pregnancy and the baby when born. Preconception care teaches women of reproductive age to minimize potential health risks from an early age so that if they have a baby, the baby is born in better health. Considering that a healthy baby is very late if it is prepared during pregnancy but must be prepared from the preconception period, that is why preconception is so important.

}, keywords = {Fetus, Iron status, Preconception, Pregnancy}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.229}, author = {Darmin Dina and Nurhaedar Jafar and Veny Hadju and Hasnawati Amqam and Wahiduddin and Ridwan Amiruddin and Anwar Mallongi and Yulianah Sulaiman} }