@article {1997, title = {Another Mode of Action of Temephos Against Aedes aegypti Larvae: A Stomach Poison Investigation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {298-303}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {298}, abstract = {

Introduction: Aedes aegypti is a key vector for the spread of several severe arboviral infections. The Indonesian Ministry of Health launched Temephos as a national effort to limit the Aedes aegypti larvae population. The old theory has been passed down for generations that the principle of the mechanism of action of temephos as a neurotoxin. The main aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of temephos as a stomach poison by using histopathology study. Method: There are two treatments with three replications: a container containing only 100 ml of water with tween 20 and a container containing 100 ml of water with 1 ppm of temephos 8G. The 20 third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae in containers containing 100 ml of water with 1 ppm of temephos 8G were compared with those in 100 ml of water containing Tween-20. The experiment was done in three replications. The number of dead larvae was recorded after 24 hours of treatment. Histological sections of the larval midgut were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Light microscopy was used to examine changes in the length of the midgut lumen and the epithelium. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The appearances of the nucleus of the epithelial cell and the degree of damage were qualitatively observed. Results: The results showed that no dead larvae were found in the control group, however, 100\% mortality was found in the temephos group. The changes in midgut lumen length and in the epithelium length were significantly different from those in the control group (p\<0.05). Nuclei of epithelial cells were lost and midgut cells were damaged in the temephos group. Conclusions: This study reports the first discovery of the mechanism of action of temephos other than a neurotoxin, namely stomach poison

}, keywords = {Ae. aegypti, Histopathology, Midgut, Temephos}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.43}, author = {Hebert Adrianto and Sri Subekti and Heny Arwati and Etha Rambung and Hanna Tabita Hasianna Silitonga and Etik Ainun Rohmah} } @article {2118, title = {Male and Female Rosy Barb Fish (Pethia conchonius) Predation Time Against Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larva and Pupa Stage in the Morning}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {781-785}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {781}, abstract = {

Introduction: The control program for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) outbreaks prioritizes controlling the mosquito vector population. One way of biologically controlling mosquitoes that is safer and more environmentally friendly is fish as natural predators of larval and pupae stage mosquitoes. One fish tested in this study was Rosy Barb (Pethia conchonius). Objective: This study aimed to compare the male and female fish predation ability of rosy barb (P. conchonius) in Aedes aegypti larval and pupal stages. Methods: This study is a laboratory experiment with a post-test-only design and five replications. One aquarium holds one litre of water, one fish, and 25 Ae. aegypti larval/pupa tails. Fish testing begins at 09.00 WIB in the morning. Fish predation was timed until the fish consumed all larvae and pupae. Results: The mean time of predation of male P. conchonius to larvae was 12.03 minutes, and pupae were 2.83 minutes. The mean time of predation of female P. conchonius on larvae was 11.70 minutes, and pupae were 4.28 minutes. The results of the independent sample t-test equal variance assumed statistical test showed that male and female fish had mosquito larvae feeding times that were not significantly different (p\> 0.05). Male and female fish had mosquito pupa feeding times that were not significantly different (p \> 0.05). Conclusions: Rosy barb fish (P. conchonius) has the potential as a natural predator of Ae. aegypti larval and pupal stages.

}, keywords = {Aedes aegypti, Female fish, Larvae, Male fish, Pethia conchonius, Pupae.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.152}, author = {Hebert Adrianto and Sri Subekti and Heny Arwati and Etha Rambung and Natalia Christiani} }