@article {2578, title = {Identification of Phytochemicals and Antibacterial Activity of South Sulawesi Propolis (Apis mellifera) Using TLC and LC-MS/MSQTOF}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {December 2025}, pages = {352-361}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {352}, abstract = {

Introduction: Propolis from Apis mellifera exhibits antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Despite Indonesia{\textquoteright}s rich biodiversity, the phytochemical profile of propolis from South Sulawesi and its antibacterial potential against Pseudomonas aeruginosa remain underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to tentatively identify flavonoid and glycoside compounds in A. mellifera propolis from South Sulawesi and to evaluate its antibacterial activity. Methods: Propolis samples were collected from Masamba Subdistrict, South Sulawesi, and extracted using 70\% ethanol through ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Phytochemical profiling and tentative compound identification were performed using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and LC-MS/MS-QTOF. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disk diffusion method at concentrations of 0.25\%, 0.5\%, and 0.75\%, with ciprofloxacin and distilled water as positive and negative controls. Results: The analysis revealed that flavonoids and glycosides were the main constituents of the extract. These compounds were tentatively identified along with other secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds, indicating a complex chemical composition. Antibacterial testing showed mean inhibition zones of 11.23 mm (0.25\%), 13.65 mm (0.5\%), and 16.50 mm (0.75\%), whereas ciprofloxacin and the negative control produced zones of 31.95 mm and 5.70 mm, respectively. ANOVA revealed significant differences among treatments (F = 232.4, p \< 0.0001), with the 0.75\% extract showing the largest mean inhibition zone. Conclusions: These findings suggest that South Sulawesi propolis contains tentatively identified bioactive flavonoids and glycosides and demonstrates antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating its potential as a natural antibacterial source for further investigation.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Flavonoids, Glycosides, LC-MS/MS-QTOF, propolis (Apis mellifera), TLC}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17s.106}, author = {Ledi Yohanis Ruruk Ali and Gemini Alam and Firdaus Hamid and Andi Rofian Sultan} } @article {2075, title = {Aedes Sp. Mosquito Resistance and the Effectiveness of Biolarvicides on Dengue Vector Mortality}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {541-546}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {541}, abstract = {

Until now, dengue fever is still a public health problem in Indonesia. To control mosquito vectors, various strategic approaches have been promoted such as chemical control, biological control, resource reduction and public education. The four main classes that are widely used for mosquito control are organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. A literature study was conducted to determine the extent of Aedes aegypti resistance to several insecticides in several countries including Indonesia. This study also reviewed the effectiveness of biolarvicides on the mortality of Aedes sp. All research that has been done in the last 10 years is included in this topic. In Brazil, Sri Lanka, China and Peru, there have been reports of resistance to Aedes sp. against delthamethrin, pyrethroid and temephos insecticides. Meanwhile in Indonesia (Semarang, Surabaya, Banten, DKI Jakarta, North Sumatra, Jambi, Bandung, Bogor, Makassar and Palu), Aedes sp. resistance occurs to insecticides of the pyrethroid, temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and permethrin groups. Continuous monitoring of mosquito vector resistance status is very important in the effectiveness of dengue fever control. In addition, research on plants that can be used as biolarvicides is very useful for alternative control and improving public health. This review also provides better insight into the effectiveness of laboratory-tested plants as larvicides and plans for further research to be applicable to the community.

}, keywords = {Aedes sp mosquito, Biolarvicides., Dengue fever, Insecticide resistance}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.116}, author = {Bambang Dwicahya and A. Arsunan Arsin and Hasanuddin Ishak and Firdaus Hamid and Anwar Mallongi} }