@article {2488, title = {Analgesic Effect of the Chloroformic Extract of Aniba canelilla {\textquotedblleft}canelon{\textquotedblright} Bark in BALB/c Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {231-235}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {231}, abstract = {

Background. Some diseases can cause intense pain, where pharmacological treatment with opioid analgesics is necessary, as in cancer. Despite advances in cancer treatment, pain is still a common symptom. Treatment is usually based on the use of opioids, but there is still some rejection because of their adverse effects or because of the delay in access to them. To evaluate the analgesic effect of Aniba canelilla "canelon" bark in mice to validate the above and consider it an alternative to existing palliative treatment in cancer patients. Methodology. The analgesic effect was evaluated according to the method of Koster et al. using 50 BALB/c mice distributed in groups of 07 mice each. Comparison was made with the standards Tramadol 50 mg/kg and Paracetamol 500 mg/kg administered orally, and acetic acid 0.8\% was used intraperitoneally as a pain inducer. Results. The potent analgesic effect of the chloroformic extract of Aniba canelilla at 200mg/kg was observed, with an analgesic percentage of 98.87\% with a mean number of writhes of 28.29 {\textpm} 5.44, being statistically significant to the other treatments (p\<0.01). Conclusions The analgesic effect of the chloroformic extract of Aniba canelilla at 200mg/kg was determined.

}, keywords = {Analgesic, Aniba canelilla, Pain, Palliative}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.29}, author = {Jesus Rojas Jaimes and Juana E. Chavez-Flores and Jenny Estela Villalobos and Ashley Mantilla Aliaga and Roxana Miranda Sanchez and Zulema Suricachi Cerron} } @article {2547, title = {Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects of Chuquiraga spinosa Less. and Baccharis genistelloides (Pers.) Lam. in a Rat Model of Transient Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {620-631}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {620}, abstract = {

Background: Cerebral ischemia, a leading cause of disability and mortality, is strongly related to oxidative stress and inflammation, highlighting the need for neuroprotective antioxidant and cytokinemodulating agents. Objective: To characterize the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Chuquiraga spinosa (ChS) and Baccharis genistelloides (BaG), individually and in combination, in a rat model of cerebral ischemia{\textendash}reperfusion. Methodology: Phytochemical screening and GC-MS were performed with antioxidant assays (ABTS{\textbullet}$^{+}$, DPPH{\textbullet}, FRAP). Neurological deficit was assessed (Bederson scale), while histopathology, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, NOx), and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β) were measured. Groups included Normal (no ischemia), Ischemia (oral placebo), Citicoline 300 mg/kg, ChS 500 mg/kg, BaG 500 mg/kg, and the oral combination ChS 500 + BaG 500 mg/kg, all administered for seven days prior to ischemia induction. Results: ChS had higher total phenolic content than BaG (p = 0.0079). GC-MS identified 23 compounds in ChS and 17 in BaG. The combination displayed greater antioxidant activity than either extract. At 24 h, ChS 500 mg/Kg and the combination reduced severe neurological deficit to 17\% (vs. 83\% in ischemia). Histopathology revealed less neuronal damage with the combination, comparable to ChS 500 mg/Kg. All treatments decreased MDA levels; the combination also enhanced GSH and CAT and significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β. Conclusion: ChS and BaG extracts exert neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia. Their combination shows synergistic antioxidant activity against free radicals and enhances the modulation of inflammatory cytokines, supporting a greater neuroprotective potential.

}, keywords = {Cerebral ischemia; neuroprotection; antioxidants; Chuquiraga spinosa Less.; Baccharis genistelloides (Pers.) Lam}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.77}, author = {Hugo Jes{\'u}s Justil-Guerrero and Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo and Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas and Miriam Palomino- Pacheco and Carlos Orlando Garcia-Bustamante and Edwin Cesar Cieza-Macedo and Jessica Yolanda Huarcaya-Rojas and Jaime David Torres-L{\'e}vano and Julio Jose Pena-Galindo and Esther Obdulia Franco-Soto and Juana E. Chavez-Flores and Robert Armando Cardenas-Orihuela} }