@article {2530, title = {Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Study of Different Solvent Extracts of Cissus hastata Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {511-519}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {511}, abstract = {

Introduction: Plants have long been utilized in traditional medicine for treating a variety of diseases. Plant-derived extracts are a rich source of phytochemicals with documented antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant capacities, and antibacterial activities of various crude extracts from the leaves of Cissus hastata. Methods: Leaf extracts of C. hastata were prepared using hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), 95\% ethanol (EtOH), and 50\% ethanol (AqE). These extracts were analyzed for preliminary phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays), and antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR 517), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA 142), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Escherichia coli (ESBL 182), and Salmonella typhimurium (TISTR 292). Results: Phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts of C. hastata leaves revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds. The EtOAc and AqE extracts exhibited the highest TPC (65.31 {\textpm} 1.85 and 61.45 {\textpm} 3.34 mg GAE/g extract, respectively) (p \< 0.05). In contrast, the EtOH extract showed the highest TFC (29.92 {\textpm} 3.42 mg QE/g extract) (p \< 0.05). The EtOH and AqE extracts also demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activities in the DPPH (IC50: 307.07 {\textpm} 7.18 μg/mL and 316.86 {\textpm} 11.78 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50: 160.21 {\textpm} 5.43 μg/mL and 208.45 {\textpm} 3.84 μg/ mL) (p \< 0.05), and FRAP (4.69 {\textpm} 0.08 and 4.96 {\textpm} 0.07 mM FeSO4/mg extract) assays. The antibacterial activity was observed exclusively against Gram-positive bacteria. Among all the extracts, the AqE extract at a concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, with zones of inhibition measuring 15.43 {\textpm} 0.46 mm, 14.76 {\textpm} 0.58 mm, and 15.66 {\textpm} 1.04 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol-based extracts of C. hastata leaves demonstrate high antioxidant and antibacterial activities and represent a promising source of bioactive compounds for developing natural therapeutic agents.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cissus hastata, Leaves, Phytochemical}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.64}, author = {Patcharin Singdam and Anussara Kamnate and On-Anong Somsap and Ruhainee Tohkayomatee} } @article {2495, title = {Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Potential, and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Causonis trifolia Leaf Extracts: A Solvent-Based Comparative Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {164-170}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {164}, abstract = {

Introduction: Medicinal plants are used in diabetes mellitus due to their proven minimal adverse effects in humans. Causonis trifolia leaves have been used as traditional medicine for various treatments. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the phytochemicals, the total flavonoid and phenolic content, and in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the extracts of C. trifolia leaves. Method: The leaves of C. trifolia were sequentially extracted with maceration in hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 50\% ethanol. Then, the C. trifolia leaf extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin- Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by determination of α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanol and 50\% ethanol extracts of C. trifolia leaves showed positive results for alkaloids, coumarin, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. The 50\% ethanol extract had the best antioxidant activities of the three antioxidant assays (p \< 0.05). The results revealed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in 50\% ethanol extract than in the other extracts (p \< 0.05). Moreover, the 50\% ethanol extract exhibited the best potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors of all the extracts and acarbose (p \< 0.05). Conclusions: The results conclude that the C. trifolia leaves with 50\% ethanol as the solvent possessed the potential to extract the highest levels of phytochemical content and have potential antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities for diabetic therapy.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Causonis trifolia, α-glucosidase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.20}, author = {Patcharin Singdam and Anussara Kamnate and On-Anong Somsap and Ruhainee Tohkayomatee} }