@article {2544, title = {Effectiveness of Radish (Raphanus sativus) Extract In Reducing Tnf-α and Nitrit Oxida levels in Tipe II DM Mice Models with Traumatic Brain Injury}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {September 2025}, pages = {597-601}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {597}, abstract = {

Background: Cervical cancer remains a major health burden for women worldwide. Pap smear is a widely used screening tool, while contraceptive use, particularly hormonal methods, has been debated as a potential risk factor for cervical lesions. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between contraceptive use and Pap smear findings among members of the Family Welfare Movement (PKK) in Bendul Merisi, Surabaya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 64 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and Pap smear results. Statistical analysis was performed using contingency coefficient tests. Results: The study revealed a significant association between contraceptive use and Pap smear results (p = 0.001). Different types and duration of contraceptive use were significantly related to cytological outcomes, with hormonal methods showing a stronger association with abnormal findings such as LSIL (Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion). Conclusions: Contraceptive use, especially hormonal methods with longer duration, influences Pap smear findings, highlighting the need for regular cervical cancer screening among women using hormonal contraception.

}, keywords = {Cervical cancer, Contraceptives, Cytology, Pap Smear, Uterine Cervix}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.74}, author = {Muhammad Chairul} }