@article {1023, title = {Inhibitory Effects of Sangketan (Achyranthes aspera L.) Roots Extract on Arginase Activity and Determination of Its Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1231-1234}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1231}, abstract = {

Background: Achyranthes aspera, or commonly called as Sangketan in Indonesian is a wild plant that is used as a traditional medicine. The roots of Sangketan can be used as a wound healer by involving the role of arginine and its metabolites, nitric oxide, that directly affect the wound healing process itself. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the potential of Sangketan roots extract in inhibiting arginase activity. Methods: The roots were extracted using multistage ultrasound-assisted extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvent. Each extract from different solvents was tested for the inhibition of arginase activity using a microplate-based colorimetric method, followed by determination of total phenolic concentration and total flavonoid concentration. Results: The results of inhibition test of arginase activity by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts were 9.56; 17.58; and 29.77\% sequentially/respectively at concentration of 100 μg/ml; the total phenolic concentration were 3.91; 4.83; dan 11.18 mgGAE/g of sample respectively; and the total flavonoid concentration are 0.29; 0.80; and 0.88 mgQE/g of sample respectively. Conclusion: From this research, it can be concluded that Sangketan roots extract had low potency of arginase inhibitory activity.

}, keywords = {Achyranthes aspera, Arginase, Inhibitory effect, Sangketan, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.191}, author = {Dieah Siti Rahmawati and Berna Elya and Arikadia Noviani} } @article {737, title = {Arginase Inhibitory Activity and Total Flavonoid Content on Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart Stem Bark Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1180-1183}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1180}, abstract = {

Background: Flavonoids, polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitous in nature, have been known for their pharmacological as antifungal, diuretic, antihistamin, antihypertension, insecticide, bactericide, antiviral, antioxidant, and enzim inhibitor. Flavanones found in all parts Scutellaria indica, has the ability to inhibit arginase, flavanols found in the seeds of Theobroma cacao L. Previous study showed that Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart stem bark contains flavonoid compound. Objective: The objective of this study to analyze arginase inhibitory activity and to determine the total flavonoid content of Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart stem bark by using AlCl3 colorimetric method. Methods: Dried Caesalpinia ferrea stem barks were refluxed with three different solvent with gradual gradient polarity i.en-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each extract was tested to determine arginase inhibitory activity. Total flavonoid content was determined on extract showed the highest arginase inhibitory activity. Results: Methanolic extract showed arginase inhibitory activity of 12.81\% and flavonoid content was 2 mgQE/g. Phytochemical screening on Caesalpinia ferrea stem bark ethyl acetate extract showed that it contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids, meanwhile Caesalpinia ferrea stem bark methanolic extract contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. Conclusion: Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart stem bark extracts were not potential to inhibit arginase.

}, keywords = {Arginase, Caesalpinia ferrea C. Mart, Flavonoids}, doi = {xx10.5530/pj.2018.6.202}, author = {Devi Indriani and Berna Elya and Arikadia Noviani} } @article {736, title = {Arginase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. Bark Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1174-1179}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1174}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the arginase inhibitory and the antioxidant activities of the bark extract of Caesalpinia coriaria (Jacq.) Willd. (Dewi tree). Methods: The bark of Dewi tree was extracted successively under reflux condition with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each extract was tested for its activity in inhibiting arginase activity by measuring the quantity of urea produced in the reaction mixture using a microplate reader. The active extracts were determined for their total flavonoid content followed by antioxidant activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry with ascorbic acid as standard. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids. Results: Arginase inhibitory activity test showed that the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts have average inhibition values of 14.43 and 33.59\%, respectively, at concentration of 100 \μg/mL. The total flavonoid content of the methanol and ethyl acetate extract were 7.75 and 6.30 mgQE/g sample, respectively. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed antioxidant activity with an IC50 values of 4.720 and 3.647 \μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract contained flavonoid, tannin, saponin, and steroid, while the methanol extract contained flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. Conclusion: In conclusion, C. coriaria bark extracts possessed low arginase inhibitory activity. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts have good antioxidant activity.

}, keywords = {antioxidant activity, Arginase inhibitory activity, C. coriaria, Phytochemicalscreening, total flavonoid content}, doi = {:10.5530/pj.2018.6.201}, author = {Arini Wulansari and Berna Elya and Arikadia Noviani} } @article {258, title = {Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) Herb Powder}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {239-243}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {239}, abstract = {

Introduction: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is known as a raw material for herbal medicine; Preservation of herbs powder by gamma irradiation is reported to be able to keep products free from contamination. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) on the ACE inhibitory activity (ACE Kit \– WST test kit method), antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging method), total phenolic content (colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), total flavonoid content (colorimetric method using AlCl3 and sodium acetate), and TLC profiling (silica gel F254 as the stationary phase and dichlormethane:methanol [92:8] as the mobile phase) of suruhan herb powder. Results: Results showed that the 2.5 kGy irradiation dose gave the smallest alteration in ACE inhibitory activity compared to others irradiated doses. Furthermore, the 5 and 7.5 kGy dose didn\’t cause significant change (p\>0.05) on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was found to correlate with the total phenolic content but not with the total flavonoid content. Conclusion: Based on these finding, it is concluded that gamma irradiation can be used as a preservation method for P. pellucida herb powder.

}, keywords = {Angiotensin converting enzyme, antioxidant activity, Peperomia pellucida, total flavonoid, total phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.40}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/307}, author = {Mubarika Sekarsari Yusuf and Intan Wulandari and Lili Amelia and Katrin and Arikadia Noviani and Rissyelly and Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im} } @article {264, title = {Inhibition of Alpha-Glucosidase and Antioxidant Test of Stem Bark Extracts of Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {273-275}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {273}, abstract = {

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health emergencies that characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Type 2 DM is the most common type in diabetic populations. Inhibition of alphaglucosidase can ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia that occurs in patients with type 2 DM. Adding antioxidants to the therapy of DM is intended to reduce complications caused by oxidative stress. Some species of Garcinia have been proven to inhibit alpha-glucosidase and have antioxidant activity, but there is no research on Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. Therefore, the aims of this research were to determine the activity of Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. stem bark in inhibiting alpha-glucosidase and as an antioxidant. Methods: In this research, the Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. stem bark was dried, grinded, and extracted by multistage maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase test has been done in vitro on concentrated extracts and measured by microplate reader at 400 nm. The antioxidant test has been done using DPPH scavenging method and was measured by microplate reader at 519 nm. Results: Ethyl acetate extract is the most active extract for both test. IC50 values for inhibition of alpha-glucosidase test are 20.18 \μg/mL that is more active than standard (acarbose) which has IC50 value 141.55 \μg/mL. Meanwhile, IC50 value from an antioxidant test is 8.93 \μg/mL that is not more active than standard (quercetin) which has IC50 value 2.51 \μg/mL. Conclusion: Phytochemical screening shows that the ethyl acetate extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins.

}, keywords = {Alpha-glucosidase, Antioxidant, DPPH, Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. Stem bark, Phytochemical screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.46}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/313}, author = {Nusaibah Zahratunnisa and Berna Elya and Arikadia Noviani} }