@article {260, title = {ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {249-251}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {249}, abstract = {

Introduction: Hypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There are many developed antihypertension drugs, one of them is focusing in ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme) inhibition activity. ACE inhibition activity known can decrease vasoconstriction effect and also can decrease bradykinin degradation (vasodilator) by creating NO (nitric oxide). Methods: In this study, we conducted an in vitro ACE inhibition activity test which was obtained from watercress on 70\% ethanolic extract and each fraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). Results: Results of the study showed that ethanolic extract of watercress had ACE activity with IC50 value was 19.05 g/mL and the highest IC50 of each fraction is ethyl acetate with IC50 value was 2,303 g/ mL. n-butanol fraction had the highest total phenolic content with 15.798 mg GAE/g of the extract, while the highest total flavonoid content was obtained on ethyl acetate fraction with 82.847 mg QE/g of the extract. Conclusion: The results suggest that Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) possess ACE inhibitory activity.

}, keywords = {ACE inhibitor, Flavonoid, phenolic, Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.)}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.42}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/309}, author = {Catty Amalia Yaricsha and Rissyelly and Katrin} } @article {267, title = {ACE Inhibitory Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. Leaves Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {285-287}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {285}, abstract = {

Introduction: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) are drugs that can control hypertension. Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves have been used traditionally as antihypertensive. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the antihypertensive activity through inhibition of ACE activity, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the ethanolic extract of Pereskia saccharose Griseb. leaves and its fractions. Methods: Extraction was done by maceration with 80\% ethanol and fractionation performed by liquid-liquid partition. Results: In vitro ACE inhibitory activity assay of the ethanolic extract using ACE Kit-WST Dojindo had IC50 value of 3.448 \μg/mL and ethyl acetate fraction had IC50 value of 1.714 x 10-3 \μg/mL. Ethyl acetate contained the highest amounts of both TPC (72.991 \± 0.932 mg GAE/g sample) and TFC (61.337 \± 1.612 mg QE/g sample). Conclusion: The results suggest that Pereskia saccharose Griseb. possess ACE inhibitory activity.

}, keywords = {ACE inhibitor, Flavonoid, Pereskia saccharose Griseb, phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.49}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/316}, author = {Sarlina Jihan Lusiyanti and Katrin and Rissyelly and Nuraini Puspitasari and Putu Gita Maya Widyaswari Mahayasih} } @article {259, title = {Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition, Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Compound and Total Flavonoid of Peperomia pellucida Herbs Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {244-248}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {244}, abstract = {

Introduction: Peperomia pellucida L. Kunth has been reported to have some biological activities such as antihypertensive and antioxidants. Herbal materials susceptible to contamination during processing and storage which can shortens their shelf life. Gamma-irradiation has been used as a method for preservation. Methods: This research aimed to analyze the effect of gamma-irradiation on inhibition activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), antioxidant activity, total phenol content, total flavonoid, and thin layer chromatography profiles of P. pellucida L. Herbs extract. The extract was irradiated with 60Co gamma rays at 2.5; 5; 7.5; dan 10 kGy. Results: Irradiation up to 10 kGy did not change ACE inhibitory activity and TLC profile. No significant differences were noted in the inhibition activity of ACE and the type of chromatogram profiles between non-irradiated extract and irradiated extracts up to a dose of 10 kGy while total flavonoids showed a significant decrease. In addition, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity showed a significant increase of extracts were irradiated up to 5 kGy and decrease at dose 7,5 kGy and 10 kGy. Gamma-irradiation up to 10 kGy didn\’t affect the activity of ACEinhibitor in-vitro while significant difference (P \<0.05) of antioxidant activity, total flavonoids and phenolic content of the extract P. Pellucida. Conclusion: In conclusion, gamma - irradiation can be used as a preservation method for ethanol extract P. Pellucida L. Kunth herbs.

}, keywords = {ACE, Antioxidant, Extract, Gamma-irradiation, Peperomia pellucida, Total flavonoids, total phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.41}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/308}, author = {Anies Monica Adhitia and Alisa Nur Octaviani and Rissyelly and Katrin Basah and Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im} } @article {258, title = {Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) Herb Powder}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {239-243}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {239}, abstract = {

Introduction: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth is known as a raw material for herbal medicine; Preservation of herbs powder by gamma irradiation is reported to be able to keep products free from contamination. Methods: This study aims to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; and 10 kGy) on the ACE inhibitory activity (ACE Kit \– WST test kit method), antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging method), total phenolic content (colorimetric method using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent), total flavonoid content (colorimetric method using AlCl3 and sodium acetate), and TLC profiling (silica gel F254 as the stationary phase and dichlormethane:methanol [92:8] as the mobile phase) of suruhan herb powder. Results: Results showed that the 2.5 kGy irradiation dose gave the smallest alteration in ACE inhibitory activity compared to others irradiated doses. Furthermore, the 5 and 7.5 kGy dose didn\’t cause significant change (p\>0.05) on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity was found to correlate with the total phenolic content but not with the total flavonoid content. Conclusion: Based on these finding, it is concluded that gamma irradiation can be used as a preservation method for P. pellucida herb powder.

}, keywords = {Angiotensin converting enzyme, antioxidant activity, Peperomia pellucida, total flavonoid, total phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.40}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/307}, author = {Mubarika Sekarsari Yusuf and Intan Wulandari and Lili Amelia and Katrin and Arikadia Noviani and Rissyelly and Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im} } @article {261, title = {Inhibition Activity of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Compound from Bitter Melon Leaves (Momordica charantia L.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {February 2017}, pages = {252-256}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {252}, abstract = {

Introduction: Hypertension is a leading problem in Indonesia, because of the high prevalence and the long term effect. Bitter melon leaves (Momordica charantia L.) has been traditionally utilized to treat hypertension, yet not many studies explained the antihypertension effect of this plant. Methods: This study was conducted to test the benefit of bitter melon leaves as antihypertension using angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity in 80\% ethanolic extract and its fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) using ACE kit-WST (Dojindo, Japan). Then the antihypertension activity was associated with the phenolic content which was expressed in gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and total flavonoid in quercetin equivalent (QE). Results: Result of the study showed that the IC50 value obtained from the ethanolic extract to inhibit ACE activity was 7.52 \μg/mL and the highest inhibition obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with IC50 value was 4,29 \μg/mL. Phenolic total and flavonoid total determination also showed that the highest content obtained in ethyl acetate fraction with 18.752 mg GAE/gr extract and 8.310 mg QE/gr extract, respectively. Conclusion: According to the study, it could be concluded that bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) leaves provide inhibition activity against Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and chemical compounds that were expected to play an active role in inhibiting ACE were flavonoid and tannin.

}, keywords = {Angiotensin converting enzyme, antihypertension, Momordica charantia L., total flavonoid., total phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.2.43}, url = {http://phcogj.com/fulltext/310}, author = {Putri Lestari and Katrin and Rissyelly and Putu Gita Maya Widyaswari Mahayasih} }