@article {1004, title = {Antiplasmodial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Macaranga Gigantea Leaf and Its Major Constituent}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1181-1188}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1181}, abstract = {

Introduction: This research main goal is to study the antiplasmodial activity of Macaranga gigantea leaf ethanolic extract and its major components on malaria parasites using ex vivo model. Methods: This study was conducted by extraction of M. gigantea leaves using ethanol and isolation of its major constituent. The extract and isolate were tested ex vivo on Balb-C mice{\textquoteright}s blood after i.p. administration of Plasmodium berghei strain ANKA. Antiplasmodial activity was observed from mice blood treated by various concentration of either extract or isolate and the parasitaemia percentage were determined by calculating infected blood cell after 24 h of the treatment. It is expressed as decreased of parasitaemia levels and percent of inhibition. Qualitative analysis of active fraction were tested by HPLC method. Chemical structure of isolate were characterized by using UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and MS spectrophotometry. Results: Ex vivo antiplasmodial study gave the percent inhibition as much as 92.1; 85.7; 64.1; 41.5 and 21.7\% at extract concentrations of 300, 100, 30, 10 and 3 μg/ mL respectively. The IC50 values of the extract was 27.1 μg/ml. With respect to the percent of inhibition, at the same concentration, the isolate showed activity as much as 70.2; 62.5; 39.1; 21.7 and 10.8\%. The IC50 value of the isolate was 60.2 μg/ml. At the same concentration with extract and Isolate, Pyrimethamine as positive control gave percent inhibition of 94; 87.5; 44.8; 15.; and 12\%, with IC50 of 31.4 μg/ml. The results showed that major constituent of M. gigantea leaves is flavonoid. HPLC analysis using a photo diode-array detector showed that the active fraction have same retention time with that of apigenin as standard. Based on instrumental analysis data and compared with literature, a flavonoid derivate known as apigenin can be said has been isolated. Conclusion: It can be concluded that either M. gigantea leaves extract or isolated active constituent known as apigenin have potent antiplasmodial property.

}, keywords = {Antiplasmodial, Ex vivo, Flavonoid, Macaranga gigantea, Plasmodium berghei}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.183}, author = {Muhaimin Muhaimin and Yusnaidar Yusnaidar and Wilda Syahri and Madyawati Latief and Riski Dwimalida Putri and Andita Utami and Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa and Andreas Yoga Aditama and Josephine Elizabeth Siregar} } @article {956, title = {Antiplasmodial Activity of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Mangrove Plants against Plasmodium berghei}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {929-935}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {929}, abstract = {

Introduction: A mosquito-borne disease infected by Plasmodium is named as Malaria. Some drugs subjected to be active againts protozoans has developed resistance. It is very urgent to find alternative sources of new antimalarial agent. The main aim of this research was to study the activity of methanolic extracts of the leaf from mangrove plants on Plasmodium berghei by using ex vivo model. Method: Screening of antiplasmodial activity from methanolic leaf extracts of Sonneratia alba, Acanthus ilicifolius and Sonneratia caseolaris against Plasmodium berghei was carried out in this study. Antiplasmodial study was subjected ex vivo against P. berghei strain ANKA infected into Balb-C mice. Calculation of the percentage of parasitemia after 24 h observed in the model and a decrease in parasitemia level and inhibitory propagation were defined as the results. Results: Potential antiplasmodial activity shown by a decrease in parasitemia level and high inhibitory percentage was revealed by S. alba leaf methanolic extract at concentrations of 300, 100, 30, 10 and 3 μg/mL which provide the inhibition percentage of 95.5; 92,9; 78.7; 42.7 and 18.8\%, respectively. Antiplasmodial activity can also be identified by the life cycle inhibition of plasmodium. Methanolic leaf extract of S. alba showed inhibition activity in the development of ring stage at minimum extract concentration of 300 μg/mL. At lower concentrations, trophozoites and schizones persisted with defects in morphological conditions. Moreover, Antiplasmodial activity of methanolic extracts of S. alba leaf was better than methanol extracts of A. Ilicifolius and S. caseolaris leaf. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that among the mangrove plants have been studied, S. alba mangrove exhibited the highest antisplasmodial activity which moreover assumed as a potential source for natural antimalarial drug candidate.

}, keywords = {Antimalaria, Ex vivo, Mangrove, Plasmodium berghei, Sonneratia alba}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.148}, author = {Muhaimin Muhaimin and Madyawati Latief and Riski Dwimalida Putri and Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa and Andreas Yoga Aditama and Normalita Eka Pravitasari and Josephine Elizabeth Siregar} } @article {354, title = {Antimalarial and Antioxidant Potentials of Extract and Fractions of Aerial part of Borreria ocymoides DC (Rubiaceae).}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {May 2017}, pages = {534-540}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {534}, abstract = {

Introduction: Borreria ocymoides (Burm F) DC is a weak, erect and decumbent herb that has several folkloric, ethno medicinal uses and is included in antimalarial preparations by some traditional healers. It is also used in treatment of ring worm, eczema and microbial infections. Objectives: To evaluate antimalarial activity of extract and fractions of Borreria ocymoides in Plasmodium berghei infected mice and to investigate their antioxidant activity using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazile (DPPH). Methods: The methanol extract of aerial part of B. ocymoides and the solvent fractions obtained from partition between organic solvents were assessed for antimalarial activity against chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 infected mice using the suppressive and curative test procedures. Chloroquine (10 mg/ml) was used as positive control. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging ability and determination of total phenolic content. Results: The crude extract (250 and 500 mg kg-1) produced a dose dependent anti-plasmodial activity in the suppressive and curative tests. The chemo suppression activity was best in the ethyl acetate fraction (87.31\%) and in the order ethyl acetate \>dichloromethane \> hexane \> aqueous fraction. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extract increased with concentration. The antioxidant activity was less than ascorbic acid used as positive control. Oral administration up to 5 g/kg produced no noticeable deleterious effect 24 hours after dosing and up to 7 days afterwards. Conclusion: The results indicated that the extract has a potent anti-plasmodial activity against Plasmodium berghei and the activity seems to reside in the mid-polar fractions. Thus, the plant is a potential source of new antimalarial agents.

}, keywords = {Antimalarial, Antioxidant, Borreria ocymoides, Plasmodium berghei, Solvent fractions}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.4.86}, url = {/files/PJ-9-4/10.5530pj.2017.4.86}, author = {Sunday Adeleke Adesegun and Celestina Ifeoma Orabueze and Herbert Alexander Babatunde Coker} }