@article {1389, title = {Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effect of Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Senecio rhizomatus Rusby "Llancahuasi" on Erythrocytes Subjected to Oxidative Stress}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {516-527}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {516}, abstract = {

Objective. To evaluate the antioxidant capacity and protective effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Senecio rhizomatus Rusby in rat erythrocytes subjected to oxidative stress with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Methodology. This study used an experimental design. The extracts were obtained through maceration with 96{\textdegree} ethanol (SeR96), 70{\textdegree} ethanol (SeR70), 50{\textdegree} ethanol (SeR50) and through infused water (SeRAc). Secondary metabolites were identified through colorimetric reactions and precipitation. In each extract, we could determine the capacity to eliminate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), the reduction of ferric ion and the total polyphenol content. In addition, the activity on the plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) was evaluated in each extract. The protection against oxidative stress in erythrocytes was evaluated by determining the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results. Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, sesquiterpene lactones and sugars were identified in all the extracts. The total polyphenols content showed a correlation with the reduction of ferric ion (r=0.885) and with DPPH radicals elimination (r = -0.899), where the one with the highest antioxidant capacity was SeR50. Thus, the SeR50 (all concentrations) and SeR70 (100 μg/mL concentration) significantly increased the PMRS activity compared to the control group. After inducing oxidative stress in erythrocytes, all the extracts maintained the GSH level and inhibited MDA formation significantly compared to the H2O2 group. Conclusion. The antioxidant capacity of hydroalcoholic extracts (96{\textdegree}, 70{\textdegree}, 50{\textdegree}) and aqueous infusion of Senecio rhizomatus Rusby is related to the content of polyphenols. They increase the plasma membrane redox system activity in rat erythrocytes and protect them from oxidative stress induced with H2O2, showing an increase in the concentration of reduced glutathione and a decrease in malondialdehyde.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Lipoperoxidation, Plasma membrane redox system, Reactive Oxygen Species, Reduced glutathione}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.65}, author = {Justil-Guerrero Hugo Jes{\'u}s and Ch{\'a}vez-Flores Juana Elvira and C{\'a}rdenas-Orihuela Robert Armando and Ramos- Jaco Antonio Guillermo and {\~N}a{\~n}ez-del-Pino Daniel and V{\'a}squez-Quispe {\'A}ngel David and Rojas-Cardenas Nathalie Felicita and Fern{\'a}ndez-Flores N{\'e}lber} } @article {725, title = {Evaluation of in vitro Antioxidant Potential of Amaranthus caudatus L. Grown in Kashmir Region}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1119-1124}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1119}, abstract = {

Background: Plants have a well-developed defensive machinery for minimizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) associated damages in the form of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. The in-vitro mechanism of antioxidant action of plant extracts may involve direct inhibition of the ROS generation or ROS scavenging. The antioxidant activity of the extracts may be due to active constituents alone or the combination of constituents. However, the amount of constituents are known to vary according to the change in environment. Method: In our study, antioxidant activity of Amaranthus caudatus L. from two different sites (elevation sites) was investigated at three stages, (vegetative, pre flowering and post flowering) using ethanolic extract (EtOH). Result: The phenolic and flavonoid content increased at all stages from site 1 to site 2. The total reducing power, Ferrous reducing antioxidative power (FRAP), diphenyl picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, superoxide dismutase scavenging (SOD) assay and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity increased from site 1 to site 2 at all the three stages. Conclusion: The results reveal that the altitude and the growth stage have a significant effect on antioxidative potential of Amaranthus.

}, keywords = {Amaranthus, Ethanolic extract, Hydrogen peroxide, Phenolics, Reactive Oxygen Species, Superoxide dismutase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6.190}, author = {Asiya Ramzan and Inayatullah Tahir and Reiaz Ul Rehman} } @article {378, title = {Comprehensive Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Selected Osbeckia species and their in vitro Culture, Purification and Fractionation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {July 2017}, pages = {674-682}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {674}, abstract = {

Background: Health-benefit properties of natural pigments have been intensely studied, especially the anthocyanins. In the last few decades, research on anthocyanins has attracted biologists by the increasing evidence of their health beneficial effects. Osbeckia, belongs to Melastomataceae and is well-known for colouring pigments and other bioactive compounds. In the present study, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity indicators were evaluated from 8 Osbeckia spp. and anthocyanin was extracted from in vitro cultures of O. aspera and O. reticulata. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant effect was studied using ABTS (2, 2\’-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation decolourisation assay, the FRAP, the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion scavenging activity. Anthocyanin extracted from in vitro cultures were purified and fractionated using column chromatography and LC-MS MS analysis. Results: In vitro cultures of O. aspera was obtained in MS medium fortified with various combinations of Benzyl Adenine (BA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2, 4-D. The chromatograms of O. aspera revealed the presence of malvidin-3 -diglucoside, peonidin, delphinidin and cyanindin whereas O. reticulata cultures accumulated large amounts of malvidin, cyanindin and cyanidin aglycone. The purified anthocyanins of these species were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and was found more remarkable than the crude extracts. Conclusion: Osbeckia species are rich in anthocyanin and therefore display potential AOX power. O. aspera and O. reticulata callus was induced in vitro production of anthocyanins. The pool of anthocyanins was purified and fractionated by LCMS/ MS and AOX assays were performed with the purified anthocyanin which showed higher level activities.

}, keywords = {Anthocyanins, Antioxidant Capacity, Free Radicals, Osbeckia Spp., Reactive Oxygen Species}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.5.107}, url = {/files/pj-9-5/10.5530pj.2017.5.107/index.html}, author = {Bosco Lawarence and Murugan K} }