@article {2564, title = {Hepatoprotective Potential of Coffea arabica Extract Against Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Liver Damage: Ultrasonographic and Cytokine Evaluation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {December 2025}, pages = {742-750}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {742}, abstract = {

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_{4}$) is a hepatotoxic agent widely used to model liver injury in experimental animals, and coffee (Coffea arabica) extract is known to contain various bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of Coffea arabica extract in male Wistar rats induced with CCl$_{4}$ through phytochemical analysis, liver biochemical parameters (albumin, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT), inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, CRP), and liver morphology observations using ultrasonography and histopathology. The extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and glycosides, with total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 51.32 mg GAE/g and 1.25 mg QE/g extract, respectively, and moderate antioxidant activity (IC$_{5}$$_{0}$ = 124.36 ppm). Administration of the extract at 300 mg/kg BW significantly improved liver structure, reduced TNF-α (120.62 {\textpm} 21.78 pg/mL), IL-6 (68 {\textpm} 14.44 pg/mL), CRP (199.0 {\textpm} 41.5 pg/mL), SGOT (147.0 {\textpm} 34.28 g/dL), and SGPT (69.6 {\textpm} 9.94 g/dL) levels, while increasing albumin (2.94 {\textpm} 0.34 g/dL) and reducing bilirubin (0.09 {\textpm} 0.04 mg/dL), approaching normal conditions. The 300 mg/kg BW dose showed the most optimal protective effect compared to other treatment groups, as evidenced by improvements in biochemical parameters, liver morphology, and hepatic histology, indicating that Coffea arabica extract has strong potential as an effective hepatoprotective agent against CCl$_{4}$-induced liver damage

}, keywords = {CCl$_{4}$, Coffea arabica, Cytokines, Hepatotoxicity, liver protection, Ultrasonographic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.93}, author = {Desi Novianti and I Nyoman Ehrich Lister and Ali Napiah Nasution} } @article {1975, title = {Sub Chronic Toxicity Study of Coumacines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {160-164}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {160}, abstract = {

Coumacine is a brand-new heterocyclic molecular nucleus that was discovered in 2018. In addition to the unique heterocycle known as coumacine, the designer has developed two variants known as coumacine I and II. Coumacine derivatives had been evaluated for their antibacterial effects in vitro against a variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria using conventional bacterial strains, using ciprofloxacin and metronidazole as positive controls. The purpose of this research is to look into the relationship between the anticoagulant activity and hepatotoxicity of coumarin and coumacine because the former is a synthetic precursor of the latter and many natural and synthetic coumarins involving warfarin have anticoagulant activity. Thirty male mice were used in this study and exposed to a subchronic dose of 250 or 500 mg/kg of coumacine I or coumacine II. The results of histochemistry showed dramatic changes in hepatocellular morphology that were dose-dependent for both coumacine I and II. Traditionally, higher doses of Coumacine I and II resulted in a significant increase in liver enzymes. Coumacine I or II did no effect on bleeding time. In conclusion, coumacines at subchronic high doses might have hepatotoxic effects through a mechanism that does not affect the coagulation process

}, keywords = {Bleeding, Clotting., Coumacine, Hepatotoxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.23}, author = {Wejdan Al-Shakarchi and Yasir Saber and Marwan M. Merkhan and Yasser Fakri Mustafa} } @article {1775, title = {Clinical Studies of Silymarin as a Protective Agent Against Liver Damage Caused by Anti-TB Drugs, Methotrexate, and in Cases of Chronic Hepatitis C and Diabetes Mellitus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {358-368}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {358}, abstract = {

The liver is the organ in charge of homeostasis and metabolism of sundry substances (endogenous and exogenous, including drugs); but when these are metabolized, they generate more toxic and/or reactive metabolites, that can damage the liver causing cirrhosis, steatosis and/or hepatocarcinoma. Human have been used several medicinal plants (MP) since ancestral times to treat their ailments, diseases and liver disorders, including Sylibum marianum. This MP is used in the treatment of jaundice and other biliary diseases, as well as in support therapy for edible mushrooms poisoning and in the treatment of some hepatic diseases. From this medicinal plant, silymarin (SLM, mixture of flavonoids) is obtained, it has an important antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotector effect. The last activity has been demonstrated through several preclinical and in some clinical studies. To date, a few clinical studies describe the hepatoprotective and/or nephroprotective effect of SLM against the damage caused by anti- TB drugs, methotrexate and in cases of type II diabetes mellitus or chronic hepatitis C. Nevertheless, this type of research is more frequent in preclinical trials (using rats or mice) or in vitro assay.

}, keywords = {Anti-TB drugs, Diabetes mellitus, Hepatoprotector, Hepatotoxicity, Methotrexate, Nephroprotector, Silybin, Silymarin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.46}, author = {Jimenez-Arellanes Maria Adelina} } @article {1871, title = { The Potential Effect of Silymarin Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {558-564}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {558}, abstract = {

Background: Being the main metabolic organ, liver stays in touch with toxicity of introduced materials including, drugs. Protection is priceless to avoid complication of liver toxicity. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the protective impact of silymarin (SIL) on hepatotoxicity based on acute paracetamol (APAP) intoxication in rats in comparison with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Methods: To do so serum was collected and the liver was analyzed for histological findings on rat model-paracetamol toxicity whether alone or in combination with SIL or NAC. The scenario was based on either preconditioning with SIL/NAC before induction of toxicity or afterwards. Serum liver function tests, pro-oxidant/antioxidant status, and proinflammatory markers were detected alongside liver histological study. Results: The results showed that liver function indices, oxidative state, and pro-inflammatory parameters were significantly changed, and histopathological alterations were detected in the liver of the intoxicated group. These modifications were inverted in groups treated with either SIL or NAC. The results of the current study suggested that SIL might be employed as a hepatoprotective drug against liver damage induced by APAP because of its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation, improve antioxidant defense status, and have anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: These results are equivalent to NAC therapy which is a standard drug against APAPrelated hepatotoxicity.

}, keywords = {APAP, Hepatotoxicity, NAC, Paracetamol, Silymarin, TNF-α}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.136}, author = {Noor Ahmed Abed and Musab Mohammed Khalaf and Mohammed Khalid Jamaludeen Alnori} } @article {1931, title = {Risk Factors for Hepatotoxicity From L-Asparaginase Chemotherapy In Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {921-927}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {921}, abstract = {

Introduction: L-asparaginase chemotherapy often causes hepatotoxicity and affects complete remission in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study aims to investigate the risk factors that affect the incidence of hepatotoxicity caused by L-asparaginase chemotherapy in ALL children. Methods: An observational study with prospective sampling was conducted at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. The inclusion criteria included ALL children aged 1-18 years, undergoing ALL Induction phase chemotherapy based on the 2018 Indonesian Children{\textquoteright}s ALL protocol as evidenced by bone marrow aspiration, receiving L-asparaginase chemotherapy, and obtaining written consent from parents or guardians. Each child had 3 ml of blood drawn from a peripheral vein to assess their complete blood count, alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and albumin level. Results: Thirty-two children with ALL were collected. Two of them were excluded due to allergic reaction and enable to continue the L-asparaginase chemotherapy. Thirty of them were eligible participants. Approximately 53.3\% of ALL children aged <= seven years. Fourteen (47\%) children with ALL were included in the standard-risk group and 16 (53\%) of them included high-risk group. There were significant differences in ALT levels between the four stages of observation (p=\<0.001). Twenty-two ALL children had hepatotoxicity (73.3\%), while 8 had non-hepatotoxicity (26.7\%). Two risk factors had a significant influence on the occurrence of hepatotoxicity due to L-asparaginase chemotherapy including age and hypoalbuminemia (p=0.045, p=0.028). Conclusion: Age and hypoalbuminemia were the risk factors that might affect the incidents of hepatotoxicity. Clinical monitoring before and after treatment needs to be done to prevent poor outcomes.

}, keywords = {Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Children, Hepatotoxicity, L-asparaginase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.190}, author = {Agniya Ali Fahmi Hikmat and Mia Ratwita Andarsini and Bagus Setyoboedi and Maria Christina Shanty Larasati and Andi Cahyadi and I Dewa Gede Ugrasena} } @article {1651, title = {Chemical Composition and Protective Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis on Alcohol-Induced Serum Hepatic Changes and Liver Injury in Male Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1205-1215}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1205}, abstract = {

Background: Is a pleasant-smelling perennial shrub that grows in many parts of the world, Rosmarinus officinalis a well known valuable herbal medicine which is widely used in pharmaceuticals and traditional medicine as a digestive, tonic, astringent, diuretic, diaphoretic and useful for urinary ailments. Objective: The objective of this study has, on the one hand, focused on the changes in hepatotoxicity induced by the chronic administration of ethyl alcohol according to a biochemical and histological experimental approach and, on the other hand, on the chemical composition which was determined. As well as, the hepato-protective effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (EER), whether to restore or not the harmful alterations due to ethylism was evaluated. Method: The study included twenty-four male Wistar albino rats which were divided into four groups. The rats received ethanolic extraction of Rosmarinus officinalis orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Hepatotoxicity was induced orally with a daily dose of 05 mL of 20\% alcoholic solution for 90 days. Results: The chemical characterization of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (EER) by HPLC/UV shows the presence of polyphenolic compounds and numerous flavonoids, the main constituent of which is rosmarinic acid. It was noticed that the Ethanol caused an increase in liver function parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride and cholesterol, total bilirubin) compared to the control and oxidative stress through a significant decrease in antioxidant liver enzymes Superoxidase dismutase (9.39 U/mg), glutathione peroxidase (12.89 U/mg) and catalase (25.39 U/mg) and increased malondialdehyde levels. The histological study showed significant lesions in the liver. Conclusion: The disturbances in liver function, antioxidant status and structural damage to the liver caused by ethanol have been restored by the administration of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis which strongly justifies its therapeutic effect.

}, keywords = {Ethylism, Hepatotoxicity, HPLC/UV, Liver stress oxidatives, Rosmarinus officinalis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.154}, author = {Rima Farah AOUAD and Mokhtaria Yasmina BOUFADI and Djallal Eddine Houari ADLI and Faiza MOULAI-HACENE and Khaled KAHLOULA and Miloud SLIMANI} } @article {1225, title = {Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Strobilanthes kunthianus against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1143-1151}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1143}, abstract = {

Background: Strobilanthes kunthianus Nees T Anders (Neela kurinji) is a shrub in the grasslands of Nilgiris, Western Ghats in India. It is well known for many biological properties including antioxidant. However, there is no in-vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities has been carried out previously on S. kunthianus. Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanolic flower extract of S. kunthianus (MFESK) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Materials and Methods: The Wistar rats were divided into six groups comprising six animals to each. Group I was served as normal control and group II as CCl4 treated. Both these groups were received sodium CMC (0.3\%, 5 ml/kg). Groups III, IV and V animals were treated with MFESK at different dose levels (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg). Group VI was treated with standard silymarin (100 mg/kg). All these treatments were given orally for eight consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, except the normal group I, all the other group of animals from III to VI were received CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1, 1 ml/kg, i.p., single dose) after 1 h of the vehicle. On the 9th day, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected from the abdominal artery, then the serum was separated and used for the biochemical estimations. Serum marker enzymes such as ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, CR, TP, TC, TB and albumin were measured using Ecoline kits by using autoanalyzer. Further, blood serum and the supernatant solution of homogenized liver and kidney were used for the estimation of antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD and TBARS by spectrophotometrically. Results: The administration of CCl4 caused a significant increase (P\<0.001) in the levels of ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, TC, TB and TBARS and decrease in the levels of CR, TP, Albumin, CAT and SOD in serum. A significant (P\<0.001 and P\<0.01) restoration of these values towards the normal level was observed in all the three tested doses of MFESK. Similar results were observed for CAT, SOD and TBARS in both liver and kidney tissues. These results designated the strong antioxidant and hepatoprotective nature of MFESK. The histopathological investigation of liver and kidney tissues also confirmed the observed activities. Conclusion: These findings afford incitement for the development of a novel hepatoprotective herbal drugs.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxicity, Liver disease, Strobilanthes kunthianus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.161}, author = {Geetha Balasubramaniam and Mahendran Sekar and Maithili Varadarajan and Shrishailappa Badami} } @article {1224, title = {Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activities of Strobilanthes kunthianus against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1143-1151}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1143}, abstract = {

Background: Strobilanthes kunthianus Nees T Anders (Neela kurinji) is a shrub in the grasslands of Nilgiris, Western Ghats in India. It is well known for many biological properties including antioxidant. However, there is no in-vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities has been carried out previously on S. kunthianus. Objectives: The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanolic flower extract of S. kunthianus (MFESK) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rats. Materials and Methods: The Wistar rats were divided into six groups comprising six animals to each. Group I was served as normal control and group II as CCl4 treated. Both these groups were received sodium CMC (0.3\%, 5 ml/kg). Groups III, IV and V animals were treated with MFESK at different dose levels (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg). Group VI was treated with standard silymarin (100 mg/kg). All these treatments were given orally for eight consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, except the normal group I, all the other group of animals from III to VI were received CCl4 in liquid paraffin (1:1, 1 ml/kg, i.p., single dose) after 1 h of the vehicle. On the 9th day, the animals were anesthetized and blood was collected from the abdominal artery, then the serum was separated and used for the biochemical estimations. Serum marker enzymes such as ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, CR, TP, TC, TB and albumin were measured using Ecoline kits by using autoanalyzer. Further, blood serum and the supernatant solution of homogenized liver and kidney were used for the estimation of antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD and TBARS by spectrophotometrically. Results: The administration of CCl4 caused a significant increase (P\<0.001) in the levels of ASAT, ALAT, ALP, TGL, TC, TB and TBARS and decrease in the levels of CR, TP, Albumin, CAT and SOD in serum. A significant (P\<0.001 and P\<0.01) restoration of these values towards the normal level was observed in all the three tested doses of MFESK. Similar results were observed for CAT, SOD and TBARS in both liver and kidney tissues. These results designated the strong antioxidant and hepatoprotective nature of MFESK. The histopathological investigation of liver and kidney tissues also confirmed the observed activities. Conclusion: These findings afford incitement for the development of a novel hepatoprotective herbal drugs.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotoxicity, Liver disease, Strobilanthes kunthianus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.161}, author = {Geetha Balasubramaniam and Mahendran Sekar and Maithili Varadarajan and Shrishailappa Badami} } @article {1150, title = {In-vitro Antioxidant and In-Vivo Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethenolic Extract of Tectona grandis Bark Against CCl4 Induced Liver Injury in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {598-602}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {598}, abstract = {

Objectives: The systematic screening of Tectona grandis bark with the purpose of discovering new bioactive compounds as a hepatoprotective agent and to establish the scientific basis for the therapeutic actions of traditional plant medicines. Methods: Tectona grandis bark ethenolic extract was studied for the hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced liver injury in rats. Serum enzymes level, total bilirubin and histopathological study of liver were performed. This extract{\textquoteright}s DPPH radical scavenging potential was also studied. Results: Oral administration of ethenolic extract of Tectona grandis bark (200 mg/kg) exhibited significant reduction (p\<0.05) in CCl4-induced increased levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and bilirubin (Total) concentration. Treatment with Liv 52 syrup also reversed the hepatotoxicity significantly (p\<0.05). Histopathological studies also provided supportive evidence for biochemical analysis. This extract also showed better activity in quenching DPPH radical. Conclusion: Tectona grandis bark ethenolic extract shown to have hepatoprotective and antioxidant action due to presence of quinones and tannin like phytoconstituents.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, CCL4 induced hepatopathy, Hepatotoxicity, Histopathology, Quinones, Tectona grandis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.89 }, author = {Rajkumar S Bagali and Sunil S Jalalpure and SS Patil} } @article {1219, title = {Toxicity Assessment, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity on Cordia obliqua Fruit Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1005-1011}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1005}, abstract = {

Background: Cordia obliqua Willd plant is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It is also known as clammy cherry. Very little research was carried out for identification of its medicinal importance when compared to other Cordia species Objective: To determine the safe dose and to explore the in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Cordia obliqua fruits Methods: As per our previous study the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were rich in phytoconstituents and exhibited good in vitro antioxidant effect. So the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used for evaluation of activity. Acute toxicity study (LD50) was conducted according to OECD guidelines. For hepatoprotective activity paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity was studied using standard drug like Silymarin. The antioxidant potential] of the plant extracts were tested using three tests viz, Reduced GSH, Catalase and SOD activity Results: Acute toxicity studies showed the non-toxic nature of Cordia obliqua fruit extract upto dose of 3000mg/kg body weight. Administration of Paracetamol to rats increased the levels of marker enzymes like ALT, AST and ALP. Increase in the levels of these enzymes in serum indicates damage to the liver cells. Pretreatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cordia obliqua decreased the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and increased levels of total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and comparisons histology of cells of extract which are an indication for the hepatoprotective activity. Conclusion: The fruits of Cordia obliqua are safe and effective in treatment of hepatic disorders and prevent oxidation of cells.

}, keywords = {Cordia obliqua, Hepatotoxicity, Paracetamol, Silymarin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.142}, author = {G Tharun and S Sivakrishnan and JVC Sharma} } @article {933, title = {Modification of Hexavalent Chromate Hepatotoxicity by Ethanol Extract of Moringa oleifera in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {764-770}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {764}, abstract = {

Background: The association of hexavalent chromate toxicity with oxidative stress necessitated the search for antidote from medicinal plants with antioxidant properties. One of such plants is Moringa oleifera. Objective: To investigate the hepatoprotective and antioxidative properties of ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera (EEMO) against potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) induced hepatocellular damage and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty rats were assigned into six groups of five animals each: distilled water, 12 mg/kg bd.wt K2Cr2O7, 3.5 mg/kg bd.wt EEMO, 7.0 mg/Kg bd.wt EEMO, 3.5 mg/Kg bd.wt EEMO+K2Cr2O7, 7.0 mg/kg bd.wt EEMO+K2Cr2O7. The EEMO was administered consecutively for thirty-five days, while K2Cr2O7 was injected intraperitoneally once weekly before the animals were sacrificed. Liver function and oxidative stress markers including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione -S-transferase (GST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were monitored in the serum and liver. Histopathology of the liver was also carried out. In addition, proximate analysis of the powdered leaves and phytochemical composition of EEMO were also evaluated. Results: The K2Cr2O7 significantly (p \< 0.05) increased AST, ALT and MDA levels coupled with decreased SOD and GST activities as well as hepatic lesions when compared with control. However, the two doses of EEMO modified the hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress towards that of control. The EEMO is rich in phenolics and other phytochemicals including hexamethylquercetagetin and hexa-Omethylmyricitin that may account for the observed antioxidative and ameliorative effect. Conclusion: Our results suggest that ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera modify hexavalent chromate hepatotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Hepatotoxicity, Moringa oleifera, Oxidative stress and potassium dichromate}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.121}, author = {Akinwumi Kazeem A and Osifeso Olabode O and Jubril Afusat J and David Olaitan O} } @article {607, title = {Hepatoprotective Potential of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb in Hepatotoxicity Induced by Simvastatin and its consequences on Biochemical and Haematological Indices}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {720-724}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {720}, abstract = {

Objective:To evaluate hepatoprotective activity along with hematological and defensive recital of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb against simvastatin induced hepatotoxicity in experimental rodents. Methods: In the present study, in- vivo hepatoprotective effect of 50\% methanolic fruit extract of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb (TME 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated using experimental model, simvastatin (20 mg/kg, p.o.), induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. The hepatoprotective activity was estimatedby interpreting using various biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, total protein and albumin along with the haematological and histopathological studies. Results: The treatment with TME significantly (P\<0.05-P\<0.001) and dose-dependently reversed simvastatin induced elevation in serum level ofSGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin and restored the total protein and albumin level. Furthermore, TME also signify the blood parameters at dose of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg and restored the body defense mechanism. The histological examination revealed that TME at dose of 200 mg/kg showed regeneration of hepatocytes around central vein with near normal liver architecture. Conclusion: The results of this study exhibited liver protective effect of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb against simvastatin induced liver injury and there by scientifically support its traditional use.

}, keywords = {Hepatocytes, Hepatotoxicity, Liver, Simvastatin, Trichosanthes dioica}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.120}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/658}, author = {Ramesh Kumar Gupta and Sudhansu Ranjan Swain and Jagannath Sahoo and Amresh Gupta and Sachin Chaudhary} } @article {132, title = {Hepatoprotective effect of Prunus armeniaca L. (Apricot) leaf extracts on Paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {154-158}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {154}, abstract = {

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Prunus armeniaca L. (Apricot) leaf on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats. Method: Phytochemical investigation was performed to find active constituents of the plant extracts by the different phytochemical tests. After induction of liver toxicity, the biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP), serum bilirubin (SB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), \γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein (TP), albumin. The physical parameters including liver weight, body weight and histopathological changes in the liver were studied with Ursodeoxycholic acid as standard hepatoprotective agents. Results: The phytochemical investigation of the extracts showed the presence of Alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, condensed tanins, terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids. Methanol and aqueous extract before the paracetamol administration caused a significant reduction in the values of sGOT, sGPT, sALP, TBARS, GGT, LDH TP, Albumin and sB (P\<0.01) almost comparable to the Ursodeoxycholic acid. The hepatoprotective activity was confirmed by histopathological examination of the liver tissue of control and treated animals. Conclusions: The result concludes that Prunus armeniaca L. possesses the hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats.

}, keywords = {Apricot, Hepatotoxicity, Liver toxicity., Paracetamol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.2.9}, author = {Varsha Raj and Arun Kumar Mishra and Amrita Mishra and Najam Ali Khan} } @article {60, title = {Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) In Hepg2 and WRL68 Cells Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul-Aug 2015}, pages = {242-248}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {242}, abstract = {

Shammah is a traditional form of chewing tobacco [Smokeless tobacco, (ST)] that is commonly used in the Middle east specially Saudi Arabia (KSA), Yemen and Sudan. The cytotoxicity of Sudanese and Yemenis ST hexane and methanol extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. Annexin-V assay has been used to detect the induction of apoptosis. Luminescence based assay also been conducted to check the level of caspases enzyme. The involvement of cell cycle check point arrest has been performed using flow cytometry analysis. The current study found that ST has the capacity to induce cell toxicity in human liver cells. The inhibitory capacity of ST in HepG2 and WRL 68 has been found to be 151 \± 2.5 and 305 \± 11.5 \μg/ml for 24 h. An early apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells was observed by annexin V assay, which clearly exhibited significantly increased early and late apoptosis phases both at 24 and 48 h. Both the caspases-8 and-9 level was found to be increased by the introduction of ST to HepG2 cells significantly (p\<0.05). Moreover the ST extract was able to arrest the cell cycle check point at G2/M phase. A significantly increasing pattern of hypodiploid phases of cells also been observed, which confirm the apoptosis induction again. Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrated that the ST, which is used as a euphoritic substance of abuse also, has significant level of toxicity in human cells. Moreover the mode of cell death was found to be though programmed cell death which is closely associated with cell cycle arrest

}, keywords = {Hepatotoxicity, In vitro models, Saudi Arabia, Shammah, Smokeless tobacco, Substance Absue Research Centre}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.4.6}, author = {Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab and Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy}, editor = {Syam Mohan and Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha} } @article {1449, title = {Assessment of Cytotoxicity of Smokeless Tobacco (Shammah) In Hepg2 and WRL68 Cells Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {29th Apr, 2015}, pages = {242-248}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {242}, abstract = {

Shammah is a traditional form of chewing tobacco [Smokeless tobacco, (ST)] that is commonly used in the Middle east specially Saudi Arabia (KSA), Yemen and Sudan. The cytotoxicity of Sudanese and Yemenis ST hexane and methanol extracts was evaluated using MTT assay. Annexin-V assay has been used to detect the induction of apoptosis. Luminescence based assay also been conducted to check the level of caspases enzyme. The involvement of cell cycle check point arrest has been performed using flow cytometry analysis. The current study found that ST has the capacity to induce cell toxicity in human liver cells. The inhibitory capacity of ST in HepG2 and WRL 68 has been found to be 151 \± 2.5 and 305 \± 11.5 \μg/ml for 24 h. An early apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells was observed by annexin V assay, which clearly exhibited significantly increased early and late apoptosis phases both at 24 and 48 h. Both the caspases-8 and-9 level was found to be increased by the introduction of ST to HepG2 cells significantly (p\<0.05). Moreover the ST extract was able to arrest the cell cycle check point at G2/M phase. A significantly increasing pattern of hypodiploid phases of cells also been observed, which confirm the apoptosis induction again. Collectively, results presented in this study demonstrated that the ST, which is used as a euphoritic substance of abuse also, has significant level of toxicity in human cells. Moreover the mode of cell death was found to be though programmed cell death which is closely associated with cell cycle arrest.

Key words: Hepatotoxicity, In vitro models, Saudi Arabia, Smokeless tobacco, Substance Absue Research Centre, Shammah.

}, keywords = {Hepatotoxicity, In vitro models, Saudi Arabia, Shammah., Smokeless tobacco, Substance Absue Research Centre}, author = {Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab and Syam Mohan, and Manal Moahmed Elhassan Taha and Rashad Bin Mohammed Alsanosy and Hamed Karimian} } @article {78, title = {Hepatoprotective effect of Livplus-A polyherbal formulation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {01/2015}, pages = {311-316}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {311}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Livplus (a polyherbal formulation) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by i.p. injection of CCl4 once three days for 14 days. Livplus or Silymarin was administered along with CCl4 and the biochemical parameters like aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkalinephosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin, total protein (TP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were estimated. Furthermore, biomarkers of oxidative stress such as MDA levels, Glutathione contents, SOD and catalase activity in liver tissue were estimated. Results: Treatment with Livplus significantly reduced the elevated levels of ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin (direct and total), GGT, TC, TG and increased levels of TP compared to CCl4 control rats. The treatment with Livplus also showed a significant increase in glutathione contents, SOD and catalase activity and a decrease in MDA levels compared to CCl4 control rats. Conclusion: The finding of present study indicates that Livplus showed a potential hepatoprotective activity. These results support the traditional use of Livplus in the treatment of liver disorders.

}, keywords = {CCl4, GGT, Hepatic enzymes., Hepatotoxicity, Livplus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.5.11}, author = {Rajesh Maheshwari and Bhagyashree Pandya and Ramachandran Balaraman and Avinash Kumar Seth and Yogesh Chand Yadav and Vasa Siva Sankar} } @article {1468, title = {Hepatoprotective Effect of Quail Egg Against Carbontetrachloride (CCl4) Induced Hepatic Damage in Albino Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {27th Dec, 2014}, pages = {102-106}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {102}, abstract = {

Introduction: Quail egg has been used traditionally in the treatment of many ailments. Despite the wide speculations of its involvement in the treatment of liver diseases, very little scientific evidence exist to support this claim. This work investigated the hepatoprotective effect of quail egg against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced liver damage in albino rats. Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into five groups of five rats per group. Animals of group A (positive control) were fed with vehicle (distilled water) on the first four days and with vehicle and CCl4 on the fifth, sixth and seventh day. Animals of group B (negative control) were given only vehicle for seven days. Animals of groups C, D and E were respectively administered with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of quail egg for the first four days and with vehicle, quail egg and CCl4 for the fifth, sixth and seventh day. Animals were subsequently anaesthetized, and blood samples were taken for the estimation of albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total protein (TP) and bilirubin. The liver was isolated for histopathological studies. Results: The levels of ALT, ALP and TP were significantly affected (p \< 0.05) in CCl4 fed groups, indicating liver injury. The effects were reduced significantly (p \< 0.05) after treatment of rats with quail egg. Furthermore, histopathological studies of the liver tissues also supported the hepatoprotective activity of quail egg- photomicrographs of treated groups showed mild reduction in vacuolarisation/ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes. Conclusion: Quail egg showed some potentials of protecting the liver from damage by stabilising the levels of ALP, ALT and TP and reducing the degeneration of the hepatocytes. Thus, this finding has provided information that suggests utilising quail egg for treatment of liver dysfunction.

Key Words: Quail egg, Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatoprotection, Histopathology.

}, keywords = {Carbon tetrachloride, Hepatoprotection, Hepatotoxicity, Histopathology., Quail egg}, author = {Dandare Shamsudeen Umar and Bawa Muhammad and Wasagu Ibrahim Zubairu and Magaji Umar Faruk} }