@article {2110, title = {Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Color Change of Root dentin using Punica granatum (pomegranate extract), Sodium hypochlorite, Chlorhexidine and Normal saline as an Endodontic irrigant {\textendash} An in vitro study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {732-737}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {732}, abstract = {

Aim: To evaluate the microhardness and change in color of root dentin using Punica granatum, sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and normal saline as an endodontic irrigant and to implement their use in field of dentistry. Materials and Methods: 60 single rooted anterior teeth extracted due to periodontal and orthodontic reasons were collected. All the samples were decoronated to achieve constant length of 14mm. Patency of root canal was established using 10k file and working length was determined 1mm short of the file length. Each canal was prepared till F3 protaper. After preparation the samples were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1: Saline (Control); Group 2: 5\% Sodium Hypochlorite; Group 3: 2\% Chlorhexidine; Group 4: 5\% Punica granatum (pomegranate peel extract). After grouping the samples were longitudinally sectioned. One half of the tooth sample was used for microhardness testing using Vickers microhardness indentor and the other half of sample was used for color change evaluation using spectrophotometer after irrigation with the test solutions on day 1 and day 7th post irrigation. Results: The mean microhardness in all four groups decreased comparatively at post as compared to pre and the decrease was evident highest in sodium hypochlorite followed by chlorhexidine, pomegranate and saline the least. In regard to color change sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine and pomegranate all showed visible color changes after 7 day of irrigation with pomegranate showing the highest color change. Higher lightness was shown in Group 2 i.e., sodium hypochlorite whereas redness was seen more in Group 4 i.e., pomegranate and yellowish tint was more visible in Group 3. Conclusion: 5\% Punica granatum has showed negligible effect on microhardness of dentin but showed maximum color change when compared to chlorhexidine, sodium hypochlorite and saline.

}, keywords = {Chlorhexidine., Color change, Endodontic irrigant, Herbal, Microhardness, Punica granatum (pomegranate peel extract), UVVIS spectrophotometer}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.144}, author = {Ankita singh and Sunil Tejaswi and Kenganora Mruthunjaya and Suneeth Shetty and Ambikathanaya U.K and Sachin B. Manglekar} } @article {1819, title = {Evaluation of Antiviral Effects and Toxicity of Herbal Medicine Vipdervir Capsules}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {681-689}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {681}, abstract = {

Background: Antiviral vaccine is not effective, synthetic antiviral drugs are highly toxic, leading to increased interest in herbal medicines as promising antiviral drugs. Recently, Vipdervir has been developed from medicinal herbs with the aim to support and treat diseases caused by viruses such as H5N1 and SARSCoV- 2. In the present study, we assessed Vipdervir{\textquoteright}s antiviral activity against H5N1 and SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we also evaluated the acute toxicity and repeated dose toxicity of Vipdervir in mice and rabbits, respectively. Methods: H5N1 inhibitory effect of Vipdervir was assessed using hemagglutination inhibition assay. Vipdervir{\textquoteright}s SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory effect was evaluated by Plaque Reduction Neutralization assay. Acute and repeated dose oral toxicities of Vipdervir were determined according to OECD 423 and OECD 407 guidelines, respectively. Results: Data show that Vipdervir is effective against both H5N1 and SARSCoV- 2. At concentrations of 3 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL Vipdervir completely inhibits H5N1. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL Vipdervir showed an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2. Acute toxicity data revealed that the LD50 of Vipdervir is greater than 35200 mg/kg, b.wt. in mice. Repeated toxicity data indicated that Vipdervir did not induce significant differences in body weight gain, hematology and clinical biochemistry in compared to the control group. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level of Vipdervir is greater than 613.8 mg/kg b.wt./day in rabbits. No delayed toxicity effects of Vipdervir were observed. Conclusion: Vipdervir capsules were found to be antiviral effective and relatively safe in the tested doses and experimental conditions.

}, keywords = {Antiviral, COVID-19, H5N1, Herbal, SARS-CoV-2.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.87}, author = {Thi-Lien Nguyen and Huong Ha Thi Thanh and Kiet Ngo Tuan and Doan Cao Son and Thao Le Quang and Hang Nguyen Thi and Tien Vuong Duy and Quyen Doan Thi Tam and Huan Le Quang} } @article {1622, title = {Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Calcium Hydroxide, Azadirachta Indica (Neem), Ocimum Tenuiflorum (Tulsi) and Punica Granatum (Pomegranate) Gels as Intracanal Medicaments Against Enterococcus Faecalis: An in-vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2017}, pages = {988-994}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {988}, abstract = {

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Calcium hydroxide, Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi) and Punica granatum (Pomegranate) gels as intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis. Methodology: Crude extracts of Pomegranate peel, Neem leaves and Tulsi leaves were used to determine MIC following which gels of 5\% neem, 10\% tulsi and 10\% pomegranate were prepared. Forty-eight single rooted human premolars were procured and inoculated with E.faecalis for 7 days. Specimens were then randomly distributed into 4 groups.

Group I- Calcium hydroxide

Group II- 5\% A. indica (Neem) gel

Group III- 10\% O. tenuiflorum (Tulsi) gel

Group IV-10\%

P. granatum (Pomegranate) gel The experimental gels were then introduced into the samples and were sealed at both ends. The antimicrobial activity of medicaments was assessed by measuring CFU/ml at the end of 1, 3 and 5 days. Results: Calcium hydroxide showed the maximum antibacterial activity (5.3X104 CFU/ml) followed by Pomegranate gel (5.4 X104 CFU/ml) with no statistically significant difference between them. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was observed between the mean CFU/ml values of the neem (10.2 X104 CFU/ml) and tulsi gel (10.2 X104 CFU/ml). However, pomegranate gel showed statistically significant antibacterial activity when compared to Neem and Tulsi. (Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, table 4) (Figure 1). Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide showed the best antibacterial activity against E.faecalis. Among herbal gels, pomegranate showed the maximum antibacterial activity, however, further in-vivo research is required for it to be used as a sole intracanal medicament clinically.

}, keywords = {Calcium hydroxide, Enterococcus faecalis, Herbal, Intracanal medicaments, Microbial sensitivity tests, Root canal therapy}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.127}, author = {Akanksha Mittal and Sunil Tejaswi and Mruthunjaya K and Suneeth Shetty and Ambikathanaya UK} } @article {839, title = {Virtual Screening of Indonesian Herbal Database for Discovery of Procaspase-3 Activators Using Autodock and Autodock Vina}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, year = {2019}, pages = {xx-xx}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {xx}, abstract = {

Objective: Cancer is a disease where body cell grows abnormal, spread to every part of human body. Previous studies have found excessive expression of Procaspase-3 on cancer that must be activated to Caspase-3 to induce apoptotic in cells. Methods: Virtual screening of Indonesian Herbal Database was carried out to discover Procaspase-3 activators. This study was validated using enrichment factor (EF), receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under curve (AUC) parameters. Among 1412 compounds were screened using Autodock and Autodock Vina software. Results: The virtual screening results using Autodock obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.28 ~ -9.31 kcal/mol and Autodock Vina obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.1 ~ -8.8 kcal/mol. Both virtual screening software showed two compounds in common, i.e., betulinic acid and maslinic acid. Conclusion: Betulinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A, Tyr195A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina. While maslinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina

}, keywords = {Apoptotic, Cancer, Herbal, Procaspase-3 activator, Virtual Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.4.x}, author = {Rezi Riadhi Syahdi, and Ayu Annissa and Arry Yanuar} } @article {871, title = {Virtual Screening of Indonesian Herbal Database for Discovery of Procaspase-3 Activators Using Autodock and Autodock Vina}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {xx}, year = {2019}, pages = {xx-xx}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {xx}, abstract = {

Objective: Cancer is a disease where body cell grows abnormal, spread to every part of human body. Previous studies have found excessive expression of Procaspase-3 on cancer that must be activated to Caspase-3 to induce apoptotic in cells. Methods: Virtual screening of Indonesian Herbal Database was carried out to discover Procaspase-3 activators. This study was validated using enrichment factor (EF), receiver operating characteristics (ROC) area under curve (AUC) parameters. Among 1412 compounds were screened using Autodock and Autodock Vina software. Results: The virtual screening results using Autodock obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.28 ~ -9.31 kcal/mol and Autodock Vina obtained the best ten compounds with binding energy -8.1 ~ -8.8 kcal/mol. Both virtual screening software showed two compounds in common, i.e., betulinic acid and maslinic acid. Conclusion: Betulinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A, Tyr195A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina. While maslinic acid interacts with Leu136A, Lys137A and Pro201 residues in Autodock and Autodock Vina.

}, keywords = {Apoptotic, Cancer, Herbal, Procaspase-3 activator, Virtual Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11xx}, author = {Rezi Riadhi Syahdi and Ayu Annissa and Arry Yanuar} } @article {727, title = {Cholesterol-lowering Effects of Extract from Garcinia daedalanthera in Hyperlipidemic rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1125-1128}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1125}, abstract = {

Background: A native plant from Indonesia, Garcinia daedalanthera has been scientifically proven have antidiabetic effects and antioxidant activity. We hypothesized that Garcinia daedalanthera can modulate the lipid profiles of hyperlipidemic rats. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic potential of Garcinia daedalanthera extract. Materials and Methods: Garcinia daedalanthera leaves extract (GDE) were orally administrated to high fat diet-induced rats for 15 days. After the end of experimental period (43 days) the lipid profiles were estimated along with histopathological liver examination of animals. Results: The results showed that Garcinia daedalanthera extract significantly reduced the level of serum total cholesterol, total triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein as compared to control group with an increasing level of serum high-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, the extract has a favorable effect on histopathological study. Conclusion: This study proved antilipidemic property by lowering altered levels of lipid profile in male wistar rats and suggest lipid lowering effects of Garcinia daedalanthera extract which serves as a new potential natural product for preventing hyperlipidemia.

}, keywords = {Anti-cholesterol, Garcinia, Herbal, In vivo, Pre-clinical study, Rat}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6.191}, author = {Sarah Zielda Najib and Wilzar Fachri and Rani Sauriasari and Berna Elya and Raymond Tjandrawinata} } @article {475, title = {Nutritious Pure Herbal Whitening Sun Cream Processed from Seed and Leaf of Moringa oleifera Fortified with Red Rice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {77-80}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {77}, abstract = {

Moringa oleifera seed and leaf contained available medium fatty acid profile and essential amino acid bound in the tissue which should be hydrolysed. The addition of red rice which has antioxidant compound namely ZnO that can have protected the skin from sun burn and also to make the gelatinous slurry due to reducing the moisture content. The utilization of oil seed and leaf as raw material and fortified with red rice for making a low-cost sun cream is beneficial mainly for women living at rural region. Two phases of experiments were carried out. The first phase was the effect of time and temperature on the yield and oleic acid content of the oil. A randomized block design with two factors was carried out. The temperature at three level (50, 55, 60oC) as the first factor, and the time of extraction at three levels (12, 15, 20 hours) as the second factor. It was found that treatment of 50oC at 20 hours extraction shown the best result. The yield of oil was 34\% and the oleic acid content was a 71.9\% from the extracted oil. A randomized block design was used to carried out the second phase of study. The time of steaming (30, 45, 60 minutes) as the first factor and the red rice concentration (5\%, 10\%, 15\%) as the second factor. The result shown that the use of 60 minutes and 5\% red rice concentration was the best result. The slurry has the moisture content of 40.4\% and the protein content was 40.5\%. The storage stability of the sun cream stored under low temperature (30\±1oC) was 6 months and the characteristic of the slurry having oleic acid, essential amino acid and the ZnO.

}, keywords = {Herbal, Moringa oleifera, Red Rice, Sun Cream, ZnO}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.1.15}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/401}, author = {Sri Kumalaningsih and Muhammad Arwani} }