@article {2083, title = {Interaction of Cynaroside from Orthosiphon Aristatus Plant Extract on TNF Alpha as a Stimulant in Malaria and Asthma}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {581-586}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {581}, abstract = {

This research aims to investigate the interaction between cynaroside, a natural compound found in Orthosiphon aristatus plant extract, with TNF Alpha as a stimulant in the context of malaria and asthma. The research method involved an in-silico approach using software such as Pymol, PyRx, Protein Plus, and the Lepinski Rule. The results of the study showed that cynaroside has a significant interaction with TNF Alpha, as indicated by high Binding Affinity values of -9.6, -9.3, and -9.2. Analysis using Protein Plus confirmed the interaction between cynaroside and TNF Alpha. Additionally, evaluation using the Lepinski Rule of Five revealed that cynaroside has physicochemical characteristics suitable as a potential drug compound, with a mass of 448, hydrogen bond donors of 7, hydrogen bond acceptors of 11, log p -0.401, and molar reactivity of 105.2. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the potential of cynaroside in regulating the immune response to malaria and asthma through its interaction with TNF Alpha. These results can serve as an important basis for further research in the development of more targeted and effective therapies for both of these diseases

}, keywords = {Asthma., Cynaroside, Malaria, Molecular docking, Orthosiphon aristatus, TNF Alpha}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.123}, author = {Rahadian Zainul and Rismi Verawati and Gemini Alam and Khoirun Nisyak and Trisna Kumala Sari and Muhammad Arya Ghifari and Ritbey Ruga and Putri Azhari and Romadhon and Himmatul Barroroh and Riso Sari Mandeli and Devi Purnamasari and Viol Dhea Kharisma and Vikash Jakhmola and Maksim Rebezov and ANM Ansori} } @article {1941, title = {Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiplasmodial Activities of Sonchus arvensis L. Leaf Ethyl Acetate Fractions}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {993-998}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {993}, abstract = {

Infection is one of the health problems and a disease that mainly causes death. Malaria is a parasitic infection that is transmitted through the Anopheles sp. The female then causes infection and besides malaria, other contaminants that caused infection are bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiplasmodial activity of Sonchus arvensis L. ethyl acetate fractions. In vitro antiplasmodial activity was carried out by Rieckman methods against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. In vitro antioxidant activity was conducted by Prieto method against (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Then antimicrobial activity was performed using well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Maceration of S. arvensis L. dried leaves used n-hexane and ethyl acetate successively. Then the ethyl acetate extract was fractionated by vacuum column chromatography, using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as mobile phases. There are five fraction groups based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The IC50 of antioxidant and antiplasmodial activity showed that fraction IV was the lowest value and categorized as active for antioxidant (IC50=22.56 μg/mL), for antiplasmodial (IC50=12.07 μg/mL). Fraction IV also had antimicrobial activity, with diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) of 19.22 mm against Escherichia coli and 17.167 mm against Staphylococcus aureus.

}, keywords = {Biological activities, Escherichia coli., Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Sonchus arvensis L., Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.202}, author = {Dwi Kusuma Wahyuni and Anindya Nariswari and Agus Supriyanto and Hery Purnobasuki and Hunsa Punnapayak and Wichanee Bankeeree and Sehanat Prasongsuk and Wiwied Ekasari} } @article {1762, title = {The Potential Effect of Nigericin from Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus Against the Syndemic of Malaria and COVID-19 through Molecular Docking Perspective}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {268-275}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {268}, abstract = {

Background: Malaria is a constantly challenging problem, notably in the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The syndemic condition, malaria-COVID-19 co-infections, had been reported. Our previous study successfully revealed several compounds from Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. Hygroscopicus, including nigericin that has both antimalarial and antiviral effects. In malaria infection, Plasmodium falciparum Chloroquine Resistance Transporter (PfCRT) is the potential target for eliminating Plasmodium. Meanwhile, for SARS-CoV-2 infection, MPro is an essential protein for SARS-CoV-2 survival. This research aims to examine the potential effect of nigericin towards Plasmodium and SARS-CoV-2 by assessing its molecular interaction with PfCRT and MPro through molecular docking study. Methods: The protein target PfCRT and MPro were obtained from Protein Data Bank. Nigericin and the control ligand (chloroquine and N3) were obtained from PubChem. The pharmacokinetic analysis was done using SwissADME. Specific molecular docking was conducted using PyRx 0.9 and was visualized using LigPlot and PyMOL. Results: Nigericin has a large molecular weight, leading to the non-fulfillment of the Lipinski rule for oral administration. Through molecular docking study, the binding affinity of the Nigericin-PfCRT complex was -8.1 kcal/mol, and Nigericin-MPro was -8.6 kcal/mol. These binding affinities were stronger than the control ligand. The interaction between Nigericin-PfCRT and Nigericin-MPro share a similar pocket-site and amino acid residues as the control ligands. Conclusion: Nigericin has potential antimalarial and anti-coronavirus effects through molecular docking perspective by assessing the binding affinity and similarity of amino acid residues compared to control. Administration of systemic route can be an option in giving nigericin.

}, keywords = {COVID-19, Malaria, Molecular docking, Nigericin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.33}, author = {Faratisha IFD and Cahyono AW and Erwan NE and Putri AM and Ariel DG and Yunita KC and Nugraha RYB and Mardhiyyah K and Fitri LE} } @article {1397, title = {The Anti-Malarial Effect of Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland ex Correa Extract Using Malaria Mice Model Infected with P. berghei}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {585-590}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {585}, abstract = {

Introduction: Malaria is a re-emerging disease that still causes high morbidity and mortality rates. Reports of malaria therapy, encouraging studies to find new therapies based on plants and adjuvant in malaria infection. Thespesia populnea or portia tree leaf extract is a plant that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of Thespesia populnea leaf extract as antimalarial levels, and and its effect on hemoglobin levels in BALB/C mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA). Methods: The study was true experimental laboratories using post-test only group design. Using 27 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: Group with aquades (G1), Group received Chloroquine (G2), and Group with 200 mg/kg bw of Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland ex Correa extract and Chloroquine (G3). The degree of parasitemia was observed serially from the first day to the fourth day. Observation of the number of leukocytes and hemoglobin on the fourth day after the mice were terminated. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that the administration of Thespesia populnea leef extract 200 mg/kg bw with chloroquine had the effect of decreasing the degree of parasitemia and increasing hemoglobin significantly than G1 group, but there was no significant difference with G2 group, although descriptively there were differences. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Thespesia populnea or portia tree leaf extract has an anti-malarial effect and can also significantly prevent anemia.

}, keywords = {BALB/C, Hemoglobin, Malaria, Parasitemia, Thespesia populnea extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.73}, author = {Prawesty Diah Utami and Herin Setianingsih and Indira Firdha Syafitri and Rico Pratama Wiyono} } @article {877, title = {The Combination of Spirulina Extract and Sambiloto Effect Histopathologically on Medial Colon from Plasmodium berghei Anka Infected Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {564-569}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {564}, abstract = {

Introduction: Malaria is one of the biggest burden in medical section in Indonesia, as the prevalence is still high and half of the provinces in Indonesia considered as endemic area.1-4 Moreover, the drug resistant case number has grown larger within years.3-7 Indonesian people are very close with traditional drug regiment that derived from plants, for example Sambiloto and Spirulina.7-9 This research done in order to see the effect of Sambiloto and Spirulina combination from histopathologic aspect in medial colon of P. berghei infected mice. Method: The data taken from experimental study using male Swiss Webster mice that has been infected with Plasmodium berghei Anka. The four groups of mice were given different treatment. The first group treated with Sambiloto only, the second one with Sambiloto and Spirulina extract, the third group with Sambiloto and Spirulina powder and the last one the control group with administration of DHP. Results: The result shows that the group with extract and powder spirulina show a significant result in the inflammatory focus and angiogenesis. However, this research does not necessarily prove the correlation between Sambiloto-Spirulina and their effect on the goblet cell and dysplasia grade on the infected mice, as the result for both category is insignificant. Conclusion: The study showed that spirulina has positive effect on inflamatory focus and angiogenesis, but the goblet cells count and dysplasia grade result is not noteworthy, as it requires prolonged inflammation process in order to achieve the optimal result.

}, keywords = {Malaria, Medial colon, Plasmodium berghei Anka, Sambiloto, Spirulina}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.90}, author = {Kusmardi Kusmardi and Rahyussalim and Rizky Priambodo Wisnubaroto and Dilla Firzani} } @article {501, title = {Bioassay Guided Fractionation and in vitro Anti-plasmodial Activity of Ficus deltoidea and Ficus benjamina}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {January 2018}, pages = {235-240}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {235}, abstract = {

Background: Malaria is infectious vector born disease affecting 212 million people belonging to 97 countries globally in the year 2016. Although this number has reduced progressively from last one decade but recent failure of currently available antimalarial drug therapy has accentuated the urgent need to explore different novel approaches in Anti-plasmodial drug discovery. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Anti-plasmodial activity of traditional medicinal plants Ficus deltoidea and Ficus benjamina. Materials and Methods: Crude petroleum ether and hydro alcoholic extract of both the plant species were evaluated for Anti-plasmodial activity by schizont maturation inhibition assay using 3D7 plasmodium strains. Results: It was observed that petroleum ether extract of F. benjamina leaves showed most promising inhibitory effect on the growth of schizonts with IC50 14.5 \μg/ml. Bio-assay guided fractionation of petroleum ether extract of F. benjamina led to the hexane and chloroform fraction with high Anti-plasmodial activity (IC50 4.0 \μg/ml and IC50 7.8 \μg/ml respectively). Further, phytochemical investigation of F. benjamina indicated the presence of various valuable phytochemicals belonging to class of steroids, terpenoids and phytosterols. Conclusion: This study has revealed the Anti-plasmodial activity of F. deltoidea and F. benjamina for the first time. Significant Anti-plasmodial activity and preliminary phytochemical studies of F. benjamina indicates its rich chemical diversity which make this plant a good candidate for isolating new molecule that could serve as new lead in Anti-plasmodial drug discovery.\ 

}, keywords = {Antiplasmodial, Bioassay guided fractionation, Ficus deltoidea Ficus benjamina, Malaria, Schizont maturation inhibition assay}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.2.41}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/471}, author = {Hayat Mohammad Mukhtar and Amandeep Singh and Hardeep Kaur} }