@article {1340, title = {Pharmacognostic Specification and Rotenone Content in Derris elliptica Stems}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {124-132}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {124}, abstract = {

Introduction: Derris elliptica (Wall.) Benth. (Leguminosae) is the tropical plant which has been used as natural poison as well as veterinary medicine due to its best-known phytochemical compound, rotenone to kill invertebrates and fish. However, there is no report on pharmacognostic specification and quantification of rotenone content from D. elliptica stems. Objective: This present study aimed to conduct the pharmacognostic parameters as well as to conduct the validated methods to quantify rotenone content in D. elliptica stems following WHO guideline. Methods: Dried D. elliptica stems from 15 different areas in Thailand were examined for pharmacognostic secification. Their rotenone contents were quantitatively analyzed by TLC densitometry using winCATS software as well as TLC-image analysis using ImageJ free software. Results: Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, TLC fingerprint and physicochemical parameters were reported in this study. The water content, loss on drying, total ash content and acidinsoluble ash content were determined to be 8.81{\textpm}1.30, 5.77 {\textpm}0.92, 7.35{\textpm}0.63, 1.221{\textpm}0.20\%, respectively. The ethanol, and water-soluble extractive values were found to be 4.07{\textpm}1.23 and 11.31{\textpm}1.68\%, respectively. Additionally, the validation method for quantification of rotenone content was developed. The contents of rotenone in D. elliptica stem ethanolic extract evaluated by TLC-densitometry and TLC-image analysis were found to be 0.2870{\textpm}0.1242 and 0.2844{\textpm}0.1209\% by dried weight, respectively. The result between these two analytical methods were shown no significant difference. Conclusion: The validated methods were able to effectively quantify rotenone content in D. elliptica stems from various locations in Thailand which could be used for the specification of this raw material with reference to its chemical marker. Thus, this study provides the necessary and adequate information for authentication and standardization of D. elliptica stems.

}, keywords = {Quality evaluation, TLC-densitometry, TLC-image analysis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.17}, author = {Krittapat Phairoh and Parichart Hongsing and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} } @article {532, title = {Pharmacognostic Specification and Mangiferin Content of Aquilaria crassna Leaves.}, journal = {Pharmacog Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2017}, month = {January-2018}, pages = {293-298}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {293}, abstract = {

Background:\ Aquilaria\ crassna\ Pierre ex Lecomte (Thymelaeaceae) has been used as a medicinal plant in many aspects. Previous research has revealed that A. crassna leaves contain mangiferin as an active compound. Although the active component has been investigated, the pharmacognostic specification and quantification of mangiferin from A. crassna leaves have never been established. Objective: The current study aimed to conduct and develop a pharmacognostic standard according to WHO guidance as well as the validated method for quantifying mangiferin content. Materials and Methods: Dried A. crassna leaves from 15 separated locations throughout Thailand were investigated for pharmacognostic specification. Their mangiferin contents were quantitatively analysed by TLC densitometry with win CATS software. Results: Macroscopic-, microscopic- characteristics and TLC fingerprinting combined with physicochemical parameters were reported in this study. The loss on drying, moisture content, and total ash content as well as acid-insoluble ash content were determined to be 8.62 \± 0.13, 8.16 \± 0.14, 6.82 \± 0.09 and 1.49 \± 0.03\%, respectively. Ethanol- and waterextractive values were found to be 9.05 \± 0.39 and 16.94 \± 0.22 \%, respectively. In addition, the validation method for quantifying the mangiferin content was developed. The contents of mangiferin in A. crassna leaf extract determined by TLC-densitometry and TLC-image analysis were found to be 1.2992 \± 0.5980 and 1.3036 \± 0.5874 \% by dried weight, respectively. The results between these two analytical methods were shown to have an insignificant difference. Conclusion: This study provides the necessary information for authentication and standardisation of A. crassna leaves.

}, keywords = {Aquilaria crassna leaves, Mangiferin, Pharmacognostic specification, TLC image analysis, TLC-densitometry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.2.51}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/481}, author = {Worathat Thitikornpong and Boonsri Ongpipattanakul and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} }