@article {2102, title = {Comparison of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Four Plant Species Selected from South of Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {691-696}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {691}, abstract = {

One of the most ancient human medical techniques is the use of plants to treat, prevent, and cure diseases. These plants can manufacture a wide variety of natural chemicals. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic extract of four plant species (Zizyphus lotus, Lavandula dentata, Ruta graveolens, and Dodonaea viscosa). Using disc diffusion and serial dilution procedures, the antibacterial abilities of these EtPEs were evaluated. The antioxidant properties were evaluated by the FRAP method and the Folin-Ciocalteu technique was used to measure the total phenolic content. Different plant extracts showed different inhibitory effects on the tested bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Among the tested plant extracts, D. viscose exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against P. vulgaris and S. aureus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.5 mg/ml. On the other hand, R. graveolens displayed the highest quantity of phenolic compounds and demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity. Notably, there was a positive correlation observed between the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts and their total phenolic content. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the tested plant extracts hold potential as promising sources of natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Antioxidants, Extraction, Medicinal Plants., Total Phenols}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.138}, author = {Ali Abdallah Alqudah and Bilal Al Hawamdeh and Dahfer Ali and Ibrahim Alfarrayeh and Bilal Algataitat and Omar Khaled Al-Mobideen and Mohammad Alhawatema} } @article {1021, title = {Pharmacognostic Studies and Artemisinin Content of Artemisia Annua L. Grown in Togo}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1331-1335}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1331}, abstract = {

Objective: Artemisia annua grown in Togo is used as an antimalaria drug. The present study shows a detailed analysis of pharmacognostic evaluation of leaf powder and root that will be used for the purpose of identification, authentication, and consequent standardization. Materials and Methods: Both the leaf and root were evaluated for their macroscopic and microscopic features. The physicochemical parameters of the leaf powder and its phytochemical screening were done based on its total phenols and flavono{\"\i}d content. Artemisinin content was also performed using weigh method after extraction. Results: Physicochemical evaluation yielded water, alcohol, acetone, methanol, chloroform, and petroleum ether soluble extractive values which are 2.25\%, 1.25\%, 4.22\%, 8.12\% and 3.77\% (w/w), respectively. Fluorescence analysis imparted characteristic colors to the leaf powder when observed under visible, UV light 254 and 365 nm. Phytochemical screening of leaf powder showed the presence of alkalo{\"\i}ds, flavono{\"\i}d, and anthracene derivatives. Total phenols and flavono{\"\i}d content were 32.5 {\textpm} 0.67 mEq Gallic Acid/100 mg and 11.3 {\textpm} 1.52. mgEq Quercetin/100 mg, respectively. Artemisinin content value was 0.009\% (w/w). Conclusion: Various pharmacognostic parameters which were evaluated assisted in identification and standardization of A. annua leaf in powder and crude form.

}, keywords = {Artemisia, Artemisinin, Flavonoid, Pharmacognostic, Total Phenols}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.205}, author = {Messan Koffi Adjogbl{\'e} and Batomayena Bakoma and Kossi Metowogo and Kodjovi Dots{\`e} Amouzou and Yao Potchoo and Kwashie Eklu-gadegbeku and Kodjo A Aklikokou and Menssanvi Gbeassor} } @article {685, title = {GC-MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Spondias purpurea L (Anacardiaceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {941-945}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {941}, abstract = {

Background: There are ongoing efforts to identify the chemical composition of plants used as food or medicines in other to correlate their components with the numerous claims of their medicinal usefulness in folklore. Objective: This work is aimed at profiling the phytochemical composition of Spondias purpurea using GC-MS, as well as to determine the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the antioxidant capacity by DPPH radical scavenging assay. Methods: Whole fruit and stem bark of Spondias purpurea were collected, dried, extracted with methanol and concentrated in vacou before assessing them for their total phenolic content by Folin-Ciocalteu\’s phenol reagent method; total flavonoid content and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities. The whole fruit and stem bark extracts were partitioned into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. The n-hexane fraction of the stem bark and whole fruit were analyzed on GC-MS. Results: The stem bark had the highest phenolic content of 29.81\± 1.18 GAE mg/g. Similarly, free radical scavenging activities assay showed the stem bark to be most active with IC50 of 6.20 \± 1.51\μg/ml, better than the standard, ascorbic acid with IC50 of 11.51 \± 0.3\μg/ml. The n-hexane partitioned fractions of the fruit and stem bark on GC-MS analysis showed 9 prominent compounds including 9,17-Octadecadienal (5.43\%), 3-((4Z,7Z)-Heptadeca-4,7-dien-1-yl) phenol(12\%), (Z)-3-(Heptadec-10-en-1-yl) phenol (11.76\%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (7.07\%) and 13 compounds including 9,17-Octadecadienal (20.51\%),trans-13-Octadecenoic acid (12.61\%), Pentadecanoic acid (8.3\%), n-Hexadecanoic acid(15.24\%). Conclusions: This study provides justification for some of the folkloric use of Spondias purpurea.

}, keywords = {antioxidant activity, DPPH, GC-MS, Spondias purpurea, Total flavonoids, Total Phenols}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.159}, author = {Taiwo Olayemi Elufioye and Tomayo Ireti Berida} }