@article {1998, title = {The Aqueous Leaf Extract of Moringa Oleifera had Immunomodulatory Effects on Sheep that had Been Infected by Fasciola Gigantica, Clostridium Novyi Naturally and Impact to Fasciola gigantica Non-Embryonated}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {304-309}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {304}, abstract = {

M., which received a (C), was the study{\textquoteright}s main objective. The whole thing was eaten. a couple of quotes from (C. dispersed in a liquid. has antibacterial properties (E. elegans). It{\textquoteright}s necessary to remove the body. C. Eczema on the face is comparable to this. Sheep and novyi both had organic infections. novyi. Following different combinations of treatments, a heavy dose of treatment, and a light dose, fasciolitis manifested in all three groups of infected sheep. The treatment groups received an oral 150 mg/kg aqueous M. oleifera leaf extract every 48 hours for 21 days. Body mass, fecal egg counts, blood anti-Fasciola IgG levels, cytokines (IL-2, IL-17, and IL-10), and C. the elegans{\textquoteright} bacterial inhabitants jokingly strike up a conversation with everyone there. Sheep with light and heavy infections gained more weight after receiving M. oleifera treatment and had lower fecal egg counts than control groups; sheep with light infection had a 100\% reduction in egg count. The serum concentrations of IL-2, IL-17, and IgG all significantly decreased after M. oleifera treatment. There were significantly higher levels of IL-10 in sheep with both mild and severe infections. C{\textquoteright}s feces contained noticeably fewer bacteria after taking moringa extract. The two novyi groups had varying degrees of infection severity. Fabricio (F. (as well as OleiferaMdot). C. noteworthy and novyi. M. oleifera aqueous extracts showed a concentration-dependent ovicidal effect on F. gigantica non-embryonated.

}, keywords = {Anthelmintic, Antimicrobial, Cytokines, Moringa oleifera, Public health.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.44}, author = {Maslichah Mafruchati and Wan Irjani Wan Ismail} } @article {858, title = {Evaluation of Anthelmintic Potential of Leaves and Fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {475-478}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {475}, abstract = {

Background: Zanthoxylum rhetsa of family Rutaceae is traditionally employed for treatment of intestinal worms, urinary tract infection, tooth ache, asthma, bronchitis and rheumatism. Thus, the objective of the study was to screen in vitro anthelmintic activity of leaves and fruits of Zanthoxylum rhetsa on Eisenia fetida and Tubifex tubifex. Material and Methods: Total methanol extract and solvent fractions of methanol extract were prepared by maceration and solvent solvent extraction process respectively. The chromatographic fingerprints of total methanol extracts of leaves and fruits were developed using HPTLC. Results: The leaf and fruit extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, essential oils and saponins. The extracts exhibited significant anthelmintic activity as evidenced by decrease in paralysis death time in the treatment groups when compared to standard. Conclusion: The results suggest that fruits and leaves of Z rhetsa have promising anthelmintic activity and further studies are required to identify the phytochemicals responsible for anthelmintic activity.

}, keywords = {Anthelmintic, Fruit, HPTLC, Leaf, Phytochemicals, Zanthoxylum rhetsa}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.75}, author = {Rashmi Mallya and Fehmina Malim and Akanksha Naik and Milind Bhitre} } @article {768, title = {Characterization of the Anthelmintic Activity of Murraya koenigii (Linn.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s100-s103}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s100}, abstract = {

Objective: To identify the most potent sub fractions(s) of the different extracts of the leaves of Murraya koenigii for the anthelmintic property. Methods: The dried leaves were subjected to soxhlet extraction using methanol, fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and water. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was done using standard techniques. The potent fractions were subjected to TLC and the appropriate solvent was selected for flash chromatographic separation of the extract. The sub fractions were tested for their anthelmintic activity in vitro using egg hatch assay and larval motility assay on Haemonchus contortus eggs and the most potent fraction was found out. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic, tannins and saponins in all extracts and the effect of the extracts could be due to these components. On TLC, toluene: ethyl acetate in 9:1 ratio was found to be the best mobile phase for hexane and chloroform fractions whereas cyclohexane: ethyl acetate at 6:4 was found suitable for butanol fraction. Of the sub fractions (SF), SF 3 and 11 of chloroform fraction showed better ovicidal activity whereas SF 2,6,7,32 and 37 showed best larvicidal activity. The larvae that were used for testing the larvicidal activity, were found to be sluggishly motile after half an hour incubation with the extract and were progressively dead on a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The chloroform extract of Murraya koenigii and its sub fractions 2, 3,6, 7, 11, 32 and 37 possessed good anthelmintic activity and the isolation of active molecules is necessary for development of a novel anthelmintic.

}, keywords = {Anthelmintic, Egg hatch assay, Haemonchus contortus, Larval motility assay, Murraya Koenigii}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.19}, author = {Sujith S and Priya MN and Deepa CK and Usha PTA} } @article {74, title = {Effect of various extracts of Ocimum sanctum and Mallotus phillipensis on Setaria digitata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Nov-Dec 2015}, pages = {344-347}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {344}, abstract = {

Introduction: The anthelmintic activity of various extracts of leaves of Ocimum sanctum and Mallotus phillipensis was assessed in vitro against Setaria digitata. Materials and Methods: The leaves of Ocimum sanctum and Mallotus phillipensis were collected and were extracted using methanol, dried and stored under refrigeration till further use. The aqueous extract was taken as a decoction. The methanolic extract was further fractionated by taking solvents of increasing polarity viz, hexane, chloroform, n-butanol and water. The extract as well as the fractions were analysed qualitatively for various phytochemical constituents. Fresh nematodes (Setaria digitata) were recovered manually from the peritoneum of infested buffalo, were washed and transferred to the extract containing petriplates (concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.125 and 1.56 mg/ml) immediately and the motility/death of Setaria digitata was noted. Results: The presence of flavonoids and tannins were detected in all the extracts where was phenolics as absent in the hexane fraction. The methanolic extract of Tulsi and Kamla produced death of nematodes in concentrations of 3.125 mg/ml and the extract of tulsi was found to be more potent. Similar results were also observed in the case of hydro alcoholic extract whereas the aqueous extract showed no effect. The chloroform fraction of Ocimum sanctum and n-butanol and chloroform fractions of Mallotus were equally potent in inhibiting the motility and producing death of the worms. The control drug, albendazole produced death in 30 minutes in both the concentrations. Conclusion: It could be concluded that higher doses of the extract are as potent as albendazole.

}, keywords = {Albendazole, Anthelmintic, Mallotus phillipensis, Ociumum sanctum, Setaria digitata}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.6.5}, author = {Deepa Chundayil Kalarickal and Sujith Samraj and Darsana Udayan and Priya Manakkulaparambil Narayanan and Sreedevi Ramachandran and Sreeshitha Sreedharan Gouri} }