@article {1999, title = {The Effect of Moringa Leaf Extract Intervention Since Preconception Period on the Prevention of Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {310-314}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {310}, abstract = {

Background: Oxidative stress occurs due to an imbalance of oxidants and anti-oxidants and is often associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Therefore, additional supplementation is needed since the preconception period to prevent oxidative stress and poor pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to examine the effect of supplementing Moringa leaf extract on the prevention of oxidative stress in pregnant women and poor pregnancy outcomes. Methods: This study is an observational study with a prospective cohort study design. The research subjects were third trimester pregnant women consisting of 2 groups, namely the control group who only received Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) supplements (n = 30) and the group that received moringa leaf extract and IFA supplements (n = 26). Then an examination of Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker of oxidative stress was carried out using the ELISA (enzyme-link immune sorbent) method, followed by pregnancy outcomes including birth weight and birth length. Data were analyzed by unpaired t test. Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences in the levels of MDA, birth weight and birth length in the two groups with a p value \> 0.05. Nevertheless, MDA level in IFA group was 49.25 nmol/ml higher than Moringa + IFA group which was 47.58 nmol/ml. Likewise, the average of birth weight and birth length in Moringa group were 3042.3 grams and 48.62 cm higher than IFA group which were 2993.7 grams and 48.23 cm. Malondialdehyde levels were also higher in women who had babies with birth weight \< 2500 grams was 49.48 nmol/ml and birth length \< 48 cm was 49.13 nmol/l compared to birth weight >= 2500 grams was 48.50 nmol/ml and birth length >= 48 cm was 48.62 nmol/ml but there was no significant difference in the two groups (p\>0.05). Conclusion: Oxidative stress in pregnant women tends to be associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Moringa leaf extract supplementation since preconception can prevent increased oxidative stress and improve pregnancy outcomes.

}, keywords = {Malondialdehyde, Moringa oleifera, Oxidative stress, Pregnancy outcomes.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.45}, author = {Rahma and Veni Hadju and A. Arsunan Arsin and Aminuddin Syam and Anwar Mallongi and Abd. Farid Lewa and Haerani Harun and Miranti} } @article {1619, title = {Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities Evaluation of Origanum vulgare (L.) Stem Bark Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {965-970}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {965}, abstract = {

The present study aimed to evaluate phytochemical and antioxidant activity (in vitro and in vivo) of Origanum vulgare (L.) ethanolic extract. The phytochemical test was assessed using the Clule method in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging assay using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) as an artificial free radical activity. In vivo test was conducted to evaluate the effect of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in blood plasma during maximum physical activity treatment. In vivo test was done using 25 male Sprague Dawley rats in pre and post-test control group design. The phytochemical test of O. vulgare ethanol extract was showed some compounds, such as a flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid/steroid, essential oil, and tannin, then in ethyl acetate and hexane. In vitro assay showed that O. vulgare extract has strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 133.47 μg/mL. While in the in vivo test, the most effective dosage is 20 mg/200 gr B.W., represented by a significant decrease of MDA level (0.509 nmol/mL) before and after treatment. So, the ethanolic extract of clove has potency as an herbal antioxidant because of the low level of IC50 and can decrease the MDA level.

}, keywords = {2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, antioxidant activity, Malondialdehyde, Origanum vulgare (L.), Phytochemical}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.124}, author = {Rosmalena and Putu Ayu Widyastuti and Fatmawaty Yazid and Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati and Islamudin Ahmad} } @article {1676, title = {Syzygium Cumini Leaves Extract from West Sumatra Indonesia Alleviate Oxidative Stress by Decreasing Malondialdehyde Level and Enhancing Catalase Activity in Rat Induced by Lead Acetate}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1408-1412}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1408}, abstract = {

Introduction: Lead is one of the most dangerous heavy metals in the environment. Contaminated drinking water, battery manufacturing, lead paints, and industrial pollutants are all sources of lead exposure. Lead exposure can cause oxidative stress and is related to many health problems. To prevent oxidative stress caused by lead, the body needs additional antioxidants from the outside body. Syzygium cumini leaf is abundant in antioxidants, which help to minimize oxidative stress caused by lead. Methods: The rats were divided into three groups: negative control, positive control (lead acetate 40 mg/kg BW, 30 days), and treatment (lead acetate 40 mg/kg BW and Syzygium cumini leaves extract 150 mg/kg BW, 30 days). At the end of the experiment, blood was collected and prepared to measure malondialdehyde and catalase activity. Results: The leaf extract of Syzygium cumini reduced serum malondialdehyde levels while increasing catalase activity. Conclusion: Lead exposure induces oxidative stress, which can be reduced by Syzygium cumini{\textquoteright}s leaves.

}, keywords = {Catalase activity, Lead acetate, Malondialdehyde, Rat, Syzygium cumini{\textquoteright}s leaves}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.178}, author = {Rauza Sukma Rita and Elmatris Sy} } @article {1303, title = {Evaluation of Myrmecodia pendans Water Extracts on Hematology Profiles, Liver, Kidney Function and Malondialdehyde Level in Healthy Volunteer}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1489-1493}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1489}, abstract = {

Background: Ant Nest (Myrmecodia pendans) is one of plants that have been used by locals in Indonesia to empirically treat various diseases. Ant Nest in vitro and in vivo studies on animals have been widely reported its pharmacological activities as an antioxidant. Unfortunately, scientific proofs reported on this plant as human medicine are still lacking. Aim: This study aimed to ensure effectiveness, and safety due to administration of Ant Nest Water Extract (ANWE) formulated in capsule. Materials and Methods: Twelve volunteers were divided into 2 groups, 6 volunteers in each group. Group I: Ant Nest Water Extract Capsule (ANWEC) in dose of 350 mg ANWE, and group II: Placebo Capsule (PC) which contained 350 mg amylum. Each groups given the capsule once daily for 28 days. The comparison was made between group I and group II. Hematology tests include hemoglobin, leucocyte and thrombocyte. Blood chemistry tests include SGOT, SGPT, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, glucose, ureum (Ur) and creatinine (Cr). Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured at day-28 which was the last day of the intervention. Results: After 28 days administration of ANWE, the SGOT, SGPT, Ur, and Cr showed in normal level as follows SGOT (U/L): 19.2 {\textpm} 3.99; SGPT (U/L): 17.2 {\textpm} 6.80; Ur (mg/dL): 19.75 {\textpm} 3.66; Cr (mg/dL): 1.06 {\textpm} 0.13. MDA (ng/mL) level in ANWEC-treated group was significantly lower (117.2{\textpm}23.8) than PC (147.25{\textpm}18.7). There was no intolerable complaints during the observation. Conclusion: The study concluded that Water Extract of Ant Nest 350 mg has no damage to liver, kidney and hematology, so it was proven that this plant is safed to be consumed by human for its potency as antioxidant.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Malondialdehyde, Myrmecodia pendans, Safety}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.204}, author = {Tri Widyawati and M Aron Pase and Milahayati Daulay and Imam Bagus Sumantri and Nor Adlin Yusoff} } @article {1177, title = {Protection of Erythrocytes against Lipoperoxidation and Antiinflammatory Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Encelia canescens Lam Leaves in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {798-804}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {798}, abstract = {

Background: Encelia canescens Lam is a plant traditionally used in Peru for medicinal purposes, and is attributed antioxidant properties, indicating that it could be used in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the protection of erythrocytes from lipoperoxidation and the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanolic extract of E. canescens leaves in mice. Materials and methods: Protection from lipoperoxidation was evaluated by inhibition of hemolysis and quantifying malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration against oxidative stress induced with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 200, 150, 100, 50 and 25 μg/mL E. canescens concentrations. The 1\% carrageenan-induced air pouch model was used for evaluated inflammation, where albumin, total proteins, MDA, number and leukocyte differentiation were determined in the exudate, and a histopathological evaluation was performed. The concentrations evaluated were 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg of E. canescens Results: All the concentrations evaluated protected protected erythrocytes from lipoperoxidation (p\<0.05), being E.D. value 200 μg/mL. Regarding anti-inflammatory effect, the albumin, total proteins and MDA values of the treatment groups were lower than carrageenan 1\% group (p\<0.05), but, due to less leukocyte migration and presence of macrophages and the histopathological evaluation, the E.D value was 500 mg/kg. Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of E. canescens leaves protect erythrocytes from lipoperoxidation and have dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects maybe for presence of p-hydroxyacetophenone-derived, and these could be new safer anti-inflammatories.

}, keywords = {Antiinflammatory, Carrageenan, Encelia canescens Lam, Hemolysis, Lipoperoxidation, Malondialdehyde}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.114}, author = {Fern{\'a}ndez-Flores N and Rojas-Cardenas NF and Vásquez-Quispe AD and Chávez-Flores Juana E and Justil-Guerrero Hugo J and Parre{\~n}o-Tipian JM and Silva-Correa Carmen R and Villarreal-La Torre V{\'\i}ctor E} } @article {899, title = {The Evaluation of Dietary Black Soybean and Purple Sweet Potato on Insulin Sensitivity in Streptozotocin - Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {639-646}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {639}, abstract = {

Introduction: Hyperglycemia mediates the production of excess free radicals and reduces endogenous antioxidant in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Black soybean (BSB) is rich in antioxidant mainly from isoflavones, whereas the antioxidant of purple sweet potato (PSP) comes from high anthocyanin. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of BSB, PSP, and its combination on malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations, insulin and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) expression in T2DM rats. Methods: T2DM induced by high-calorie diet for five weeks and then injected with a low dose of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg BW) intraperitoneally. The DM rats then treated with black soybean (DM + BSB), purple sweet potato (DM + PSP) and the combination of BSB and PSP 1:3, 2:2, 3:1 respectively (DM + C1- 3). Treatments were given for thirty days. The effect of BSB, PSP and its combination evaluated by measuring SOD and MDA, necrosis in pancreas evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and insulin and IRS-1 expression in pancreas through immunohistochemistry-fluorescence (IHC-F). Results: Our result indicated that there were no significant differences of BSB and the combination in decreasing MDA concentrations. The ratio of BSB and PSP combination of 2:2 increase SOD towards near normal, decrease necrosis, and improve insulin and IRS-1. Conclusion: The combination of BSB and PSP had the potential to improve insulin sensitivity through the increase of SOD, reduce necrosis, and improve insulin and IRS-1 expression.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Malondialdehyde, Necrosis, Superoxide dismutase, T2DM}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.102}, author = {Abdul Gofur and Agung Witjoro and Erni Widya Ningtiyas and Evi Setyowati and Siti Aminatul Mukharromah and Mochammad Fitri Atho{\textquoteright}illah and Sri Rahayu Lestari} } @article {710, title = {Effects of Asparagus racemosus Root Extracts on Serum Lipid Profiles, Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase in Ovariectomized Rat}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1036-1041}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1036}, abstract = {

Background: Once rats have been ovariectomized they have a high risk of cardiovascular disease due to changes in the blood cholesterol and lipid profile. Objective: To investigate the effects of Asparagus racemosus (AR) root extract on the serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Twenty-five, two month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: SH, OVX,OEE, OAAR and OEAR. The daily doses of 500 mg/KgBW of the AR root extracts for five weeks.The levels of serum TG, TC, HDL, LDL, the liver, kidney and uterine tissue lipid peroxidation and SOD levels were determined. Results: Serum TC and LDL showed no significant differences in any groups. Serum TG of the OAAR and OEAR groups were not significantly different. The serum HDL of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly lower than the OEE group. The liver MDA levels of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly decreased compared with the OVX and OEE groups while the SOD level of the OAAR group was significantly increased. The MDA levels in the kidney and uterine of the treated group showed no significant difference. The SOD levels in the kidney of the treated group were not different but the SOD levels in uterine were significantly decreased. Conclusion: It can be believed that the lipid profiles were maybe regulated via estrogen.The AR extract has low effects on the lipid profiles at this dose and duration of treatment. The capacity of the extracts to decrease the MDA level and increase the SOD level in this study clearly reflected the antioxidant efficiency of these substances.

}, keywords = {Asparagus racemosus, Lipid profiles, Malondialdehyde, Ovariectomized rat, Superoxide dismutase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.175}, author = {Ladachart Taepongsorat and Methin Phadungkit} }