@article {950, title = {Characterization Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Alpha Cellulose Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {894-900}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {894}, abstract = {

Objective: Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) is one of pharmaceutical excipients that can be used to increase viscosity in topical, oral and parenteral pharmaceutical formulation, beside that it can also be used as binder and disintegrant in tablet formulation. Betung bamboo is one of natural material that contains high concentration of holocellulose for about 83.80\%. The purpose of this study was to characterize Na-CMC obtained through alkalization and carboxymethylation reaction. Methods: Alkalization was carried out using 25\% sodium hydroxide and 1.7\% sodium tetraborate. Carboxymethylation was done with sodium monochloroacetate to alpha cellulose ratio 1.3 : 1. Product was identified by FTIR and further characterized by XRD, SEM, DS value and pH. Result: The product was white colour powder which has similarities of its infrared spectrum to reference. Other characteristics that showed similarities to reference was degree of substitution 0.7073, pH 7.61, average of particle size distribution 71.54 μm, moisture content 5.88\%, sulfated ash content 32.64\% and loss on drying 9.85\%. Conclusion: Based on the comparison of X-ray diffraction, there is similarity between reference and product (Na-CMC) from betung bamboo. However, there were differences in melting temperature, viscosity and morphological analysis with SEM to reference.

}, keywords = {Alkalization, Betung bamboo, Carboxymethylation, Cellulose, Characterization, Sodium carboxymethylcellulose}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.143}, author = {Herman Suryadi and Sutriyo and Ghina Fauziah} } @article {716, title = {Isolation of Cellulolytic Fungi and Utilization of Its Cellulolytic Activity for Microcrystalline Cellulose Preparation from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1082-1088}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1082}, abstract = {

Introduction: Microcrystalline cellulose is a cellulase derivative which usually used as a pharmaceutical excipient in the manufacturing of direct compression tablet. High concentration of cellulose is found in water hyacinth (about 60\%) therefore it might be used in the manufacturing of microcrystalline cellulose. This study was aimed to obtain the best cellulolytic fungi, the best optimal conditions of enzymatic hydrolysis and comparing microcrystalline cellulose characteristics obtained from water hyacinth with microcrystalline cellulose standard, Avicel pH 101. Method: This study began with isolation of cellulolytic fungi, and then enzymatic hydrolysis of \α-cellulose was done with cellulase enzymes extracted from cellulolytic fungi with various pH, temperature, duration and enzyme concentration. Microcrystalline obtained was characterized by XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and then the result was compared with Avicel pH 101. Results: The results showed the best cellulolytic isolate was isolate 2 and its optimal hydrolysis conditions at pH 5, 30$^{0}$C, for 1 h with 5 mL (5\% v/v) enzyme. Based on the pattern of diffraction there was a similarity between microcrystalline cellulose of enzymatic hydrolysis result compared with Avicel pH 101.

}, keywords = {Cellulase, Cellulolytic fungi, Cellulose, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Microcrystalline cellulose, Water hyacinth}, doi = {xx10.5530/pj.2018.6.183}, author = {Mitayani Wahyu Murti and Monica Angeline Sudarsono and Herman Suryadi} }