@article {1191, title = {Biological Activity of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS- 64 Extracts, an Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Medicinal Herb, Ocimum sanctum Against Foodborne Diarrhea-Caused Bacteria}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {897-904}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {897}, abstract = {

Introduction: Foodborne disease is a serious public health problem worldwide and most of the disease is related to food spoilage by bacteria. Thus, there is a need for the discovery of a natural antibiotic to inhibit these foodborne bacteria. Materials and Methods: Disk diffusion and broth microdilution assays were performed to access the antibacterial activity of the fungal extracts against test bacteria. Meanwhile, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to study the structural degeneration of bacterial cells exposed to the extracts. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae IBRL OS- 64 demonstrated favorable antibacterial activity towards all test bacteria with inhibition zone ranged from 15.0 mm to 26.0 mm. All test bacteria were resistant to hexane and butanolic extracts. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of the ethyl acetate extract between 62.5 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL whereas minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was in the range of 125 μg/mL to 2000 μg/mL. The SEM micrographs exhibited major abnormalities that occurred on the bacterial cells after exposure to the extract with alteration in their morphology and cell death beyond repair. Conclusion: The extracts of L. pseudotheobromae IBRL OS-64 may be an effective antibacterial agent to treat foodborne bacteria.

}, keywords = {Foodborne disease, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Minimum bactericidal concentration, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Scanning electron microscope}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.127}, author = {Taufiq MMJ and Darah I} } @article {949, title = {A High Antibacterial Efficacy of Fruits of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers from Nepal. GC-MS and Antioxidative Capacity Analyses}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {889-893}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {889}, abstract = {

Background: Biological activities of the plant materials may vary with different geographic origin. Litsea cubeba fruits are consumed in Nepal as a spice ingredient and are considered to be possessed antibacterial property. Objectives: Aims of this work are: to compare phytoconstituents present in litsea oil by GC-MS analysis, and to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the volatile oil and the fruit extracts. Materials and Methods: Hydrodistillation of L. cubeba fruits was performed to obtain litsea oil followed by extractions with boiling methanol. Fractionations of the extract provided hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts. The oil and extracts were analysed for the phytochemicals present. They were evaluated by using antibacterial susceptibility, brine-shrimp lethality and antioxidant capacity assays. Results: All together 49 compounds (accounting 93.66\%) were identified in the litsea oil by GC-MS. Monoterpenes being dominant components, the oil constituted 15.96\% of citral (geranial and neral). Other major constituents were capric acid (12.44\%), β-caryophyllene oxide (7.69\%), linalool (5.96\%), eucalyptol (5.13\%) and cis- β-terpineol (4.22\%). Litsea oil, hexane extract and dichloromethane extract displayed very effective antibacterial property. Ethyl acetate extract (LC50 = 21.52 μg mL-1) and litsea oil (LC50 = 31.62 μg mL-1) were found highly cytotoxic against brine-shrimp nauplii. Ethyl acetate (IC50 = 124.57 μg mL-1) and dichloromethane (IC50 = 271.08 μg mL-1) extracts displayed a modest DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Conclusion: Phytoconstituents present in the L. cubeba fruits from Nepal were analysed. Litsea oil and the extracts have displayed high antibacterial and potentially anticarcinogenic activities.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Brine-shrimp assay, DPPH assay, GC-MS analysis, Litsea oil, Minimum bactericidal concentration}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.142}, author = {Gan B Bajracharya and Pratigya KC} }