@article {1794, title = {Azadirachta indica Hexane Extract: Potent Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acne and Identification of its Chemicals Content}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {489-496}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {489}, abstract = {

Background: Acne is a skin surface disease that appears when the excessive fat deposits clogged the skin pores, causes the growth of acne-causing bacteria and stimulates inflammation. Propionibacterium acnes is one of common acne-causing bacteria which usually manage by synthetic chemical-based drug. However, the presence of its long- used side effects pointed the urgent need of new anti P. acne drug discovery. Azadirachta indica is a medicinal plant which empirically used as antibacterial. A. indica leaves has been reported to exhibit activity against P. acne but limited to ethanol extract. Thus, the evaluation of other extract- and identification of active compound(s) against P. acne is needed to be explore. Methods: First, the microscopic morphology of A. indica leaves were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope. The leaves were then extracted sequentially by hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent using the ultrasonic assisted extraction method, followed by its in vitro anti- P. acne activity evaluation. The most active extract was further evaluated for its chemical(s) content by LC-MS. Results: Scanning Electron Microscope identified the presence of oxalate in the leaves of A. indica. Evaluation of the anti-P. acne activity showed that the hexane extract had highest anti-P. acne compared to others. Further chemical identification showed that hexane extract contains three steroids, one saturated acids and one phenolic compounds. Conclusions: A. indica hexane extract leaf is prospective to be developed as an acne antibacterial.

}, keywords = {Anti-Propionibacterium acne, Azadirachta indica, Chemical content., Hexane extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.62}, author = {Annysa Ellycornia Silvyana and Ratika Rahmasari and Berna Elya} } @article {1628, title = {Azadirachta indica (Neem) Water Leaf Extract Inhibits Melanin Production and Tyrosinase Activity in B16F10 Melanoma Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {1030-1035}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1030}, abstract = {

Introduction: Abnormal melanin production can cause pigmentary disorder such as hyperpigmentation. Finding a potent medicinal plants that can prevent pigment disorder. Objective: This study was to investigate the potential of leaf extract from Azadirachta indica var siamensis valeton to inhibit melanin formation or melanogenesis. Materials and Methods: A.indica leaf extract was tested for phenolic and flavonoid content assay. Tests using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were administered to determine the toxicity of A.indica leaf extract in B16F10 melanoma cells. Melanin content and tyrosinase activity assays were used to determine the potential for the inhibition of melanogenesis. Data was analyzed using SPSS. Results: It was found that A.indica leaf extract per gram has a total phenolic content of 28.73 {\textpm} 0.30 mg gallic acid equivalents and flavonoid of 12.48 {\textpm} 0.00 mg rutin equivalent. In addition, we found that these herbal extracts decreased the melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells without any toxicity. This study suggested that the melanin content and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased without any cytotoxicity by the A.indica leaf water extract. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that A.indica leaf water extract inhibits melanin production through reducing tyrosinase activity. These results could be useful as a therapeutic treatment for skin hyperpigmentation disorders as well as an effective ingredient in whitening cosmetics.

}, keywords = {Azadirachta indica, Hyperpigmentation, Melanin, Melanogenesis, Tyrosinase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.133}, author = {Thanitsara Songtavisin and Benjamart Pratoomthai and Warachin Gangnonngiw and Jarinyaporn Naowaboot} } @article {1046, title = {Azadirachta indica: Antibacterial Activity of Neem Against Different Strains of Bacteria and their Active Constituents as Preventive in Various Diseases}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1597-1604}, type = {Review Article }, chapter = {1597}, abstract = {

Neem has become valuable plant in the world which shows the solutions for hundreds to thousands problems. Azadirachta indica (Neem) is a rapidly growing evergreen well known tree found Pada generally in various regions of world like America, Africa and India. It has been widely used in Chinese, Ayurveda and Unani medicines across the world especially in Asians countries for the prevention and treatment of diseases. The different parts of neem plant contain biological compounds responsible for antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activities. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and modulates the numerous biological processes without any adverse effect. Neem tree produces some active compounds which contain biological activities, parts of neem tree such as Root, bark, leaf, flower, seed and fruit together possesses biological activities. Various compounds have been obtained from various parts of neem. Biological activities of few of them have been studied. Hence, the article is aims to utilize the medicinal properties of whole neem plant in various disorders of mankind.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Antifungal, Azadirachta indica, Natural antibiotics, Natural products}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.244}, author = {Oscar Herrera-Calderon and Kainat Ejaz and Mahnoor Wajid and Muzzamil Shehzad and Johnny Aldo Tinco-Jayo and Edwin Enciso-Roca and C{\'e}sar Franco-Quino and Ricardo {\'A}ngel Yuli-Posadas and Victor Chumpitaz-Cerrate} }