@article {1375, title = {In vitro Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-inducing Activity of Quercus infectoria Extracts in HeLa Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {401-410}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {401}, abstract = {

Background: Quercus infectoria galls (QI) extracts were previously reported to have cytotoxicity effects towards human cervical cancer cells, HeLa. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the extracts have been poorly determined. Objective: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of ethyl acetate extracts of QI (EAQI) on cell cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells. Materials and Method: The in vitro cytotoxicity was investigated by using the MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and the OD values were read at 570 nm. Meanwhile the induction of apoptosis was measured by using acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining, flow cytometry analysis of annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle distribution. Results: MTT assay showed that EAQI exhibited cytotoxicity effect on HeLa cells with IC50 of 11.50 {\textpm} 0.50 μg/ml. HeLa cells underwent apoptosis in response to EAQI treatment, demonstrated by an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cell stained with AOPI from 1.00\% to 10.33\% compared to untreated cell population (p\<0.05) at 72 hours of treatment. The evidence of early apoptosis in treated cells were also observed in annexin V/PI staining. Furthermore, an increase of cell population in sub G0/G1 phase revealed that apoptosis as the mode of cell death in HeLa cells treated with EAQI. Conclusion: These findings indicated that EAQI significantly inhibits HeLa cell growth through induction of apoptosis. Further studies are needed to confirm the mechanism of cell death by expression of apoptotic cascade in HeLa cells treated with EAQI.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Cytotoxicity, HeLa cells, Quercus infectoria}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.51}, author = {Illyana Ismail and Rapeah Suppian and Habsah Mohamad and Siti Aisha Mohd Radzi and Hasmah Abdullah} } @article {1642, title = {Single-Dose and Combined-Dose of Nanoparticles from Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) and Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Induced Apoptosis and Necrosis in HeLA Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1134-1142}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1134}, abstract = {

Introduction: Apart from the medical advancement of chemotherapy, various plants were known as beneficial for cancer therapy because they can kill cancer cells selectively without damaging the normal cells. Here, we showed that nanoparticles formulated from chloroform fraction of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves and ethyl acetate fraction of sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) have anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on HeLa cervical cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxic effect was evaluated using a single dose of each nanoparticle and a combined dose to obtain a synergistic effect. The mechanism of induced cell death via apoptosis or necrosis pathway was evaluated using flow cytometry by incorporating Annexin V and propidium iodide. Results: Synthesis of nanoparticles from the extract of soursop leaves (nano-SL) and extract of sappan wood (nano-SW) yielded particle sizes ranging from 248 to 317 nm. Nano-SL and nano-SW decreased the viability of HeLa cervical cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 values of 63,32 μg/ml dan 40,88 μg/ml, respectively. The combined dose of 1/8 IC50 from both nanoparticles showed a strong synergistic effect, as shown by the combination index value of 0.13 based on the same mode of action and different modes of action. In HeLa cells treated with a combined dose of nanoparticles, the total apoptotic cells increased two times greater than that in control cells. Conclusion: Nano-SL and nano-SW induce apoptosis and necrosis in HeLa cells. Combined-dose of both nanoparticles produced a synergistic effect that could reduce the amount of the required individual dose while increasing the total effect.

}, keywords = {Annona muricata L., Apoptosis, Caesalpinia sappan L., HeLa cells, Nanoparticles, Necrosis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.146}, author = {Okid Parama Astirin and Adi Prayitno and Anif Nur Artanti and Elisa Herawati and Afiyati Nur {\textquoteleft}Aini Saad and Ajeng Dara Firstlia} } @article {1068, title = {Cytotoxicity of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata) against Cervical HeLa Cancer Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {20-24}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {20}, abstract = {

Background: Cervical cancer is the cancer with highest prevalence and the leading cause of women death in Indonesia. Current treatments available for cervical cancer are chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and nuclear therapy. Unfortunately, these treatments still have several limitations due to serious side effects, development of resistance, and very expensive price. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective and low-cost therapy to treat cervical cancer. One of which is by utilizing natural sources available in Indonesia such as soursop (Annona muricata) leaves which has been used in folk medicine as a treatment for various diseases, including cancer. However, studies about its cytotoxicity against cervical cancer in Indonesia are still limited. Objective: The aim of this research is to analyze the potency of A.muricataleaves extracts originated from Indonesia as a novel alternative treatment for cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A.muricata leaves obtained from Serpong, West Java, Indonesia were grounded and macerated in three different solvents with various polarity, namely ethanol (polar solvent), ethyl acetate (semipolar solvent) and hexane (non-polar solvent). Subsequently, the extracts were diluted into 8 various concentrations. Cytotoxicity of A.muricataleaves extracts against HeLa cervical cancer cells were determined by MTT assay and expressed by IC50 value. Results: The results showed that three extracts of A.muricata have strong cytotoxicity against cervical HeLa cells. The highest cytotoxic activity was shown by etanol extract with an IC50 of 35.51 μg/mL, followed by ethyl acetate (IC50: 5.91 μg/mL), and hexane (IC50: 8.39 μg/mL). Conclusion: A.muricata leaves extracts are potential to be developed as a novel alternative therapy for cervical cancer.

}, keywords = {Annona muricata, Cytotoxicity, HeLa cells, Soursop}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.4}, author = {Fona Qorina and Ade Arsianti and Qotrunnada Fithrotunnisa and NadzilaAnindya Tejaputri and Norma Nur Azizah and Rista Putrianingsih} } @article {1091, title = {Phytochemical Composition and Evaluation of Marine Algal Sargassum polycystum for Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Cytotoxicity on Hela Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {88-94}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {88}, abstract = {

Introduction: Sargassum polycystum is one of marine algal which has a potent antioxidant anticancer activities. This research aims to investigate phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity and in vitro cytotoxicity of marine algal Sargassum polycystum on cervical HeLa cancer. Methods: Sargassum polycystum collected from Dompu beach, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Province, Indonesia, were extracted into organic solvent of n-hexane, ethylacetate, chloroform and ethanol, respectively. Subsequently, Sargassum polycystum extracts were applied for Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis, phytochemistry test, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, as well as for antioxidant activity test by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on HeLa cells by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Phytochemical analysis of S. polycystum extracts are positive for metabolites of flavonoid, steroid, tannin and glycoside. TLC analysis revealed that S. polycystum extracts containing four phytochemical components. Ethylacetate extract of S. polycystum showed the highest total phenolic content, and exhibited greater antioxidant activity than ethanol extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content in ethylacetate extract are 548.61 μg/mL and 40.06 μg /mL, respectively. Ethylacetate extract of S. polycystum with IC50 value of 298.3 μg/mL is assigned to have a weak antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical. The results indicate that antioxidant activity of ethylacetate extracts of S. polycystum is directly correlated with its total phenolic and flavonoid content. Moreover, S. polycystum extracts demonstrated a strong anticancer activity on cervical HeLa cells with IC50 ranging from 38.3 μg/mL to 112.8 μg/mL. Conclusion: This work confirmed that S.polycystum are promising natural antioxidant and anti-cervical cancer agents.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, HeLa cells, phytochemisty, Sargassum polycystum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.14}, author = {Ade Arsianti and Anton Bahtiar and Vincent Kharisma Wangsaputra and Norma Nur Azizah and Wilzar Fachri and Lince Dameria Nadapdap and Ajeng Megawati Fajrin and Hiroki Tanimoto and Kiyomi Kakiuchi} }