@article {2561, title = {Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity of Dioscorea transversa R. Br: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Leaf and Tuber}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {December 2025}, pages = {718-726}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {718}, abstract = {

Various species of Dioscorea, commonly referred to as wild yams, are employed as food and used globally for medicinal purposes. Dioscorea transversa, also known as the long or pencil yam, is a native to northern and eastern Australia and is also found in the open forests of southern India. The tubers of this plant are consumed by local tribes in northern Kerala during times of famine, and they are believed to enhance bone and muscle strength. Furthermore, it is incorporated with other ingredients in their traditional postnatal rejuvenation preparations. However, this plant which is infrequently examined for its biochemical impacts on humans. This research aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in the tuber and leaf of Dioscorea transversa and to assess solvent extracts for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The leaf sample demonstrated a notable concentration of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids, while the tuber was rich in saponins, proteins, and steroids. It was noted that the aqueous methanolic extract of the leaves (AqML) exhibited superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in comparison to the other five extracts explored. This study underscores D. transversa as a significant source of natural bioactive compounds and advocates for further research to delve deeper into the pharmacological potential of this plant

}, keywords = {COX-2, Dioscorea transversa, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Phytochemicals, TNF-α}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.90}, author = {K G Geetha and Mohind C Mohan and V Manju} } @article {1176, title = {Anti-Inflammation of Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) Against Hemorrhoids in Mice Induced by Croton Oil}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {784-792}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {784}, abstract = {

Background: Hemorrhoids are rectoanal venous plexus swelling that causes inflammation, pain, and bleeding. Plants with phenolic compounds are known to improve venous tone and anti-inflammation. Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) known contain phenolic compounds and have been used to cure inflammation. However, studies on anti-inflammatory soursop leaves for hemorrhoids are still limited. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of Soursop Leaves Ethanol Extract (SLEE) on the histopathological features and expression of COX-2 and TNFα in rectoanal tissue. Methods: Swiss mice 20 weeks induced 3 times with 6\% croton oil through the anus. SLEE doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg and aspirin as a positive control were given orally for 7 days. Histopathological examination of the rectoanal tissue of mice was assessed by counting cell necrosis, inflammation, vasodilation, and edema using hematoxylin-eosin. Positive cells expressing COX-2 and TNFα were counted on inflammatory epithelial cells using immunohistochemistry. Results: Administration of SLEE at all doses showed different levels of inflammation, necrosis, vasodilatation and edema in histopathology of rectoanal tissue P \<0.00. All three doses of SLEE show significant anti-inflammatory effects on hemorrhoidal tissue. SLEE doses of 200, 400 mg/Kg significantly decreased COX-2 P \<0.05 compared to negative controls, and SLEE doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg significantly decreased TNFα P \<0.05 compared to negative controls. Conclusions: SLEE can reduce inflammation and has the potential to be developed as a natural remedy for hemorrhoids.

}, keywords = {Annona muricata, COX-2, Croton oil, Hemorrhoid, TNFα}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.112}, author = {Nurul Qurrota Ayun and Kusmardi and Nurhuda and Berna Elya} }